history and cultures of west bengal
DESCRIPTION
This is made to help students in making ppt on history,food,culture,climate of West Bengal. In other words it is a subject related to general knowledgeTRANSCRIPT
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SOCIAL SCIENCE
PROJECT
CLASS= 10th AMADE BY : MD ZAKARIA
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HISTORY
OF
WEST BENGAL
CAPITAL=KOLKATA
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OUR GROUP MEMBERS
●MD ZAKARIA [LEADER]
●ADITHYA AJAY
●SHIVAM JAISWAR[KALI]
●GIRIMALA
●SAGAR INGLE
●AAKASH VALMIKI
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LOCATION
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●Country : India State: West
Bengal Latitude: 22 degree 82 minutes
North Longitude: 88 degrees 20 minutes
East Altitude: 17 feet from sea
levelDistance from sea: 60 miles from
Bay of Bengal International Time: (+ 5
1/2) hours from GMTTemperature
Winter:(12-27C) Summer: (24-
38C)Average Rainfall: 160cm
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●Kolkata has beautiful colonial buildings and
heritage structures. Established in 1814, the
Indian Museum is the oldest museum in Asia
and houses vast collection of Indian natural
history and Indian art. The Victoria Memorial,
one of the major tourist attractions in Kolkata,
has a museum documenting the city's history.
Other important buildings in Kolkata are
Belvedere Estate, Jorasanko Thakur Bari,
Marble Palace, National Library of India, Raj
Bhavan, Shaheed Minar and Writers'
building.
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●How To Reach●Kolkata is well connected by Air, Rail and Road.Air
The Netaji Subhas International Airport (Dum Dum) airport is 15 km North of the city centre and is on the international network. Kolkata falls on the route of major carriers in the world, like British Airways, Air India, Thai, Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Ailines etc. It will well connected by Indian Airlines, the national domestic carrier, and several other private airlines to several destinations within the country.
See the Guide2Travel section for details on Airlines, Hotels to plan your journey. Check out the latest International and Domestic flight timings and set your journey plan accordingly.
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●Rail
●Kolkata is connected to almost all cities by an
efficient and fast rail network. The Howrah
railway station is the main arrival point for the
long distance trains. The other rail station is the
Sealdah station which also connects to some
destinations in the north of the country.
See the Guide2Travel section for details on
Airlines, Hotels to plan your journey.
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●RoadKolkata is linked to major cities like Delhi,
Mumbai, Chennai by road. National Highway
no. 2 links the city with Delhi while National
Highway no. 6 links the city with Mumbai.
The Esplnande bus terminus is the main bus
terminus of Kolkata - which is located in the
heart of the city. The other bus terminus is at
Ultadanga. There is an international bus
terminus at Salt Lake where buses leave for
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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RULERS OF WEST BENGAL●List of rulers of Bengal●This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history, Bengal was split
up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In ancient times, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of Pundra, Suhma,Anga, Vanga, Rarh and Harikela. Along with Bihar, parts of northwestern Bengal were also incorporated into the kingdom of Magadha.
●Under the Mauryas, much of Bengal was conquered save for the far eastern Bengali kingdoms which continued to exist as tributary states before succumbing to the Guptas. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Bengal was united under a single local ruler, Shashanka, for the first time. With the collapse of his kingdom, Bengal split up into petty kingdoms once more.
●With the rise of Gopala, Bengal was united once more under the Pala Empire, Chandra dynasty), Sena dynastyand deva dynasty. Then Bengal was ruled by the Muslim dynasties followed by the British. In 1947, Bengal waspartitioned, making West Bengal part of India and the East Bengal part of Pakistan. East Bengal then became an independent
country, Bangladesh, following the Bangladesh Liberation War.
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Table of Contents1Ancient Period
1.1
Legendary kings of Magadha: Brihadratha Dynasty (c. 1700-799 BC)
1.2Pradyota Dynasty (799-684 BC) 1.3
Shishunaga Dynasty (684-424 BC) 1.4
Nanda Dynasty (424-321 BC) 1.5
Maurya Dynasty (324-184 BC) 1.6
Shunga Dynasty (185-73 BC) 1.7
Kanva Dynasty (73-43 BC) 1.8
Gupta Empire (c. 240-550 CE) 1.9
Gauda Kingdom 1.10Khadga kingdom 1.11
Pala Empire 1.12Chandra Dynasty 1.13
Sena Dynasty 1.14Deva Dynasty
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●2Medieval Period
●2.1Khilji Dynasty 2.2Governors of Bengal under Mameluk Dynasty 2.3Independent Balban Dynasty 2.4Governors of Sonargaon 2.5Governors of Lakhnauti 2.6Independent Sultans of Sonargaon 2.7Independent Sultans of Satgaon 2.8Independent Sultans of Lakhnauti 2.9Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (1st period) 2.10Ganesha Dynasty
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2.11Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (restored) 2.12
Habshi dynasty 2.13Hussain Shahi dynasty
2.14
Bengal Governors under Afghan rule (Sur dynasty) of Delhi Sultanate
2.15Muhammad Shahi Dynasty 2.16
Karrani Dynasty (Mughal vassals) 2.17
Mughal Subahdars of Bengal 2.17.1
During the reign of Akbar 2.17.2
During the reign of Jahangir 2.17.3
During the reign of Shahjahan 2.17.4
During the reign of Aurangzeb 2.17.5
Post Aurangjeb Subahdar
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HISTORYBritish East India
CompanyWhen the
British East India Company began
strengthening the defenses at Fort William
(Calcutta), the Nawab,Siraj Ud Daulah, at
the encouragement of the French, attacked.
Under the leadership of Robert Clive, British
troops and their local allies captured
Chandernagore in March 1757 and seriously
defeated the Nawab on June 23, 1757 at
the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab's
soldiers betrayed him.HISTORY
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The Nawab was assassinated in
Murshidabad, and the British installed their
own Nawab for Bengal and extended their
direct control in the south. Chandernagore
was restored to the French in 1763. The
Bengalis attempted to regain their territories
in 1765 in alliance with the Mughal Emperor
Shah Alam II, but were defeated again at
the Battle of Buxar (1765). The centre of
Indian culture and trade shifted from Delhi
to Calcutta when the Mughal Empire fell.
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Bengal Renaissance
RAJA RAM MOHAN
ROY
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RABINDRA NATH
TAGORE
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SWAMI
VIVEKANAND
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J.C
BOSE
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The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform
movement during the nineteenth and early 20th
centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India
during the period of British rule. The Bengal
renaissance can be said to have started with
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833) and ended
with Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), although
there have been many stalwarts thereafter
embodying particular aspects of the unique
intellectual and creative output.[25]19th century
Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social
reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists,
patriotic orators and scientists, all merging to form
the image of a renaissance, and marked the
transition from the 'medieval' to the 'modern
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SUBHAS CHANDRA
BOSE
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Bengal played a major role in the
Indian independence movement, in which
revolutionary groups such as Anushilan Samiti and
Jugantar were dominant. Bengalis also played a notable
role in the Indian independence movement. Many of the
early proponents of the freedom struggle, and
subsequent leaders in movement were Bengalis such
as Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Banerjea,
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Prafulla Chaki,
Bagha Jatin,Khudiram Bose, Surya Sen, Binoy-Badal-
Dinesh, Sarojini Naidu, Aurobindo Ghosh,
Rashbehari Bose and many more. Some of these
leaders, such as Netaji, did not subscribe to the view
that non-violent civil disobedience was the only way to
achieve Indian Independence, and were instrumental in
armed resistance against the British force.
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During the Second World War Netaji escaped to Germany
from house arrest in India and there he founded the Indian
Legion an army to fight against the British Government, but
the turning of the war compelled him to come to South-East
Asia and there he became the co-founder and leader of the
Indian National Army (distinct from the army of British India)
that challenged British forces in several parts of India. He
was also the head of state of a parallel regime named 'The
Provisional Governmeent of Free India' or
Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, that was recognized and
supported by the Axis powers. Bengal was also the
fostering ground for several prominent revolutionary
organisations, the most notable of which was
Anushilan Samiti. A large number of Bengalis were
martyred in the freedom struggle and many were exiled in
Cellular Jail, the much dreaded prison located inAndaman.
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MARKETS
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DANCES
CLASSICAL
DANCE
MAMTA
SANKER
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CHAYANO
T
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DESERT
DANCE
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ANANY
A
FESTIVAL DANCE IN
BHUTAN
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CLASSICAL
DANCE
MODERN
DANCE
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KONARK
DANCE
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CLIMATE
●Kolkata has a Tropical wet-and-dry climate (Koppen climate classification Aw). The annual mean temperature is 26.8 °C (80 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 19 °C to 30 °C (67 °F to 86 °F).[1] Summers are hot and humid with temperatures in the low 30's and during dry spells the maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during May and June.[1] Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to 12 °C – 14 °C (54 °F – 57 °F) between December and January.
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The highest recorded temperature is 43.9 °C
(113 °F) and the lowest is 5 °C (41 °F).[1] Often
during early summer, dusty squalls followed by
spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lash the
city, bringing relief from the humid heat. These
thunderstorms are convective in nature, and is
locally known as Kal baisakhi (কা�লবৈ�শা�খী�, Nor'westers).[2]
Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of
South-West monsoon[3] lash the city between
June and September and supplies the city with
most of its annual rainfall of 1,582 mm
(62.3 inches)
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The highest rainfall occurs during the
monsoon in August (306 mm). The city
receives 2,528 hours of sunshine per
annum, with the maximum sunlight occurring
in March.[4] Pollution is a major concern in
Kolkata, and the
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) level is
high when compared to other major cities of
India,[5][6] leading to regular smog and
haze. Severe air pollution in the city has
caused rise in pollution-related respiratory
ailments such as lung cancer
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FOOD JOINTS
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SPECIALITY OF THE PLACE
Shopping is one good amusement one can have in Kolkata city.
From street vendors to super markets the city has room for
everyone. The city contains numerous showrooms of reputed
national and international brands. These showrooms always glitter
with great pomposity. The city is provided with markets that
merchandise all categories of goods. There are fabric stores,
ready to wear stores, home appliance stores, gift stores and more.
While shopping in Kolkata golden rule is that it is all about
bargaining. There are many fixed price shops in the city but the
preferred ones include those where price negotiations are
allowed . It thus turns out to be quite exciting and smart work to
shop in Kolkata city. The speciality of Kolkata include Tant sarees,
cotton fabric, handlooms and handicrafts.
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FACILITY IN HOSPITAL
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We have well equipped equipments to meet today’s
requirements. Some of them are as below:
MEDICINE (GENERAL & CARDIOLOGY)
SURGERY
GYNAECOLOGY
ORTHOPAEDICS
PAEDIATRICS
NEUROLOGY
EYE
ENT
ONCOLOGY
ENDOCRINOLOGY
NEPHROLOGY
RHEUMATOLOGY
PHSYCOLOGY
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BEST TIME TO VISIT
●Kolkata is visited by thousands of national and international tourists every year. People come here to enjoy the colorful art and culture of the City of Joy. Other than the scenic grandeur, the city also offers a peep into the British India, through some ancient architectural buildings. The celebration and festivity of the city are well known. People from round the globe come here to watch the celebration of Durga Pooja and other regional fairs, like Gangasagar and Kenduli Mela. The best time to visit Kolkata is in its festival season i.e. around October, when the atmosphere is colorful, with pleasing weather and festive mood all around.
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●As the summer of Kolkata is very hot and humid, it is nearly impossible for tourists to roam around with ease during this season in the city. In monsoons, the torrential rains can perturb the normal lifestyle of people here, so tourist expeditions are a bit difficult. The best and the most favored season for coming to Kolkata is winter i.e. October to February. This is the best time for visiting Kolkata as there is minimal humidity and perspiration. Even the temperature is in a pleasing range, around 15°C.
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●While coming to Kolkata in winter, make sure to bring light woolens with you, as you may need them during late nights as well as early mornings. However, do not overstuff your bag with too much winter-wear, as you will not need much of them in the city. The temperature never dips below 10°C, so there is no need of heavy woolens as well. You will also find this weather apt for taking pleasant walks near sea. So, wait for nothing more! Just pack your bags and plan a trip to this City of Joy in the coming winter.
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SOME IMPORTANT PLACES
GENERAL POST OFFICE
KOLKATA
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HEART OF THE
CITY
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KOLKATA HIGH
COURT
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HAWRAH
BRIDGE
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INDIAN MEUSEUM
KOLKATA
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INSIDE METRO
TRAIN
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METRO
TRAIN
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KALI
TEMPLE
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KOLKATA SCIENCE
CITY
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KOLKATA
AIRPORT
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KOLKATA
UNIVERCITY
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VICTORIA
MEMORIAL
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NATIONAL
LIBRARY
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VICTORIA
MEMORIAL
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SKY LINE FROM THE
MAIDAN
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MADE
BY
MD.ZAKARIA