GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY

PRESENTED BY: ASFIA SAJJAD IQRA MOOSA

BBA 4-ABUKC

The history of Pakistan is not only about how we

get separate homeland, it about how the life was in back 6000 years.

One of the earliest urban centers was here in the region of sub-continent.

Historians discovered that people of that time lives in a civilized manner.

We will further describe their way of living laterly.

INTRODUCTION

Two major civilization,

Ancient EgyptMesopotamia

“Cradle od Civilization”

One of the most earliest civilization.

INDUS CIVILIZATION

It was stretched atleast 1600 kilometers.

The line and length of the valley starts from Himalayas till Arabian Sea.

The population of this area is about 25000 – 30000.

Indus valley includes ‘Moen-jo-daro’ from Sindh and ‘Harappa’ from Punjab.

DEMOGRAPHIC OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION:

Continuation…

The people of Moen-jo-Daro used to live in 30 feet wide streets, Extensive water supply and drainage system.

Continuation… Harappan civilization was

civilized in their way of living with,Social & Economic systems.

Harappan people was the first who grow Cotton and used Bronze for Knifes, Axes and utensils.

Indus Valley declined after 2000 BC.

History says that reason of their declined was Aryan’s who captured their civilization.

But, historians found other reasons of their destruction. i.e, Flood, Economic hardship, crop failure and overly populated cities.

DESTRUCTION OF INDUS VALLEY

Aryans entered Punjab through Khyber Pass

between 2000 – 1500 BC. They belong to Brahmanic religion. They are divided into 5 classes:

BrahmanicKashtriyasVaishiyasSudhrasPanchamas.

INVADERS:

The biggest invasion was the arrival of Islam

in India.

Mohammad bin Qasim brought people from darkness to light.

Along with the Army of 12000 men and 6000 horse.

ARRIVAL OF ISLAM

The Mughal Period:

Babur (1483-1530, r 1526-1530) Humayun (1508-1556, r1530-1556) Akbar (1542-1605,r 1556-1605) Jahangir (1569-1627,r 1605-1627) Shah Jahan (1592-1666 r 1628-1658) Aurangzeb (1618-1707 r 1658-1707)

BABUR:

King of Ferghana (Afghanistan) at the age of eleven.

Conquer Kabul in 1504 and Punjab in 1526 by defeating Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi at panipat.

Seized enormous diamond Koh-e-Noor.

AKBAR:

Babar’s son Inherited empire when he was

only 14. Greatest of all Mughal Emperors. Ruled India for half of the century. He extended the frontier of Mughal Emperor. He abolished jizya (tax) on non Muslims. Lifted ban on tample building and Hindus

pilgrimage.

JAHANGIR:

Akbar’s Son

Became emperor at the age of 36.

Best known for his blased judgement.

Also known for his love for Queen Mehr-un-Nisa. Whom he renamed Noor Jahan. ( light of the world)

SHAH JAHAN:

Jahangir’s son His era marked by economic prosperity,

educational prosprity and artistic achievement Architectual contribution include:• Taj Mahal in Agra• Shalimar Gardens• Jahangir’s tomb in Lahore• Red fort• Jama Masjid in Delhi

AURANGZEB:

Shah Jahan’s Son Proclaimed hinself emperor in 1658 Ruled India for 49 years assuming

the title Alamgir Last Mughal Emperor to to keep

the empire strong. Ruled the empire with the iron hands Strengthened the return to Islamic law. He was the last Mughal Emperor.

INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT AND

RISE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE:

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Founding of Muslim League Jinnah and Lucknow pact The Khilafat Movement The Nehru report Allama Iqbal 1973 Elections Lahore resolution World war ii Creation of Pakistan and partition

SIR SYED AHMED KHAN: Educational reformer Pioneer for English education for

Muslims Played a key role in the awakening

of Muslims Emphasize on reformation of society

on the basis of Islamic teaching, modern education and scientific thoughts.

Set MAO College in 1875 which develop into Aligarh University.

FOUNDING OF MUSLIM

LEAGUE: Founded in Dhaka in 1906 by 70 wealthy land

owners, Nawabs and lawyers. Form to protect and advance Muslim interests.

British government held separate elections of Muslims seat in 1910.

One Muslim was selected to National Council was Jinnah.

JINNAH AND LUCKNOW

PACT: Realizing that a joint front with congress was

needed for a fight against colonial rule, Muslim League invited Jinnah to join the League and build bridges between league and congress.

In 1913 Jinnah join Muslim League but continued his membership in congress as well.

Jinnah believe that Hindu Muslim unity was the key to Indian independence from British.

In 1916 he negotiated a pact in Lucknow with Nehru.

Presidential speech at Allahbad

in 1930.

Proposed the establishment of a confederated India a Muslim State.

Muslims are different from Hindus in all aspects.

Sir Mohd. Allama Iqbal

After the poor result of election 1937,

muslims changed their minds.

Hindus were afraid of Independent India.

Jinnah passed a resolution based on the demand of separate state on 23rd March 1940.

LAHORE RESOLUTION 1940

After world war II congress refused to co-

operate with British.

Ghandi started “Quite India Movement” against British.

British pledge Muslim League.

WORLD WAR II

Muslim sweep in 45-6 elections.

They won 90% of seats in legislative assemblies.

British had no choice but to take Jinnah’s plans for India’s independence.

Election 1945-6

Pakistan came into being on

14th August 1947. Biggest migration in the

history of the world. India separated into two

parts by 1000 miles of Indian

territory. Jinnah become 1st

governor general of Pakistan.

Creation Of Pakistan

PAKISTAN ZINDABAD..!