7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

1/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax Uax`au

B`utmx`enc Umqxeau mj @out`tqt`moncTxngaetmx`au `o Aemomi`eDazacmviaot7 Eb`on# Gnvno# nodKmxan Emivnxad

Inunb`km Nmk`

Om/ 508

Nu`no Dazacmviaot Hnok @out`tqta

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

2/29

Tba \mxk`ol Vnvax uax`au `u n emot`oqnt`mo mj tba jmxiaxcp oniad D`uequu`mo Vnvax uax`au; tbaoqihax`ol mj tba vnvaxu emot`oqad |`tbmqt `otaxxqvt`mo mx ebnola/ NDH@u |mxk`ol vnvaxuxajcaet `o`t`nc `danu mo n tmv`e nod nxa vmutad moc`oa jmx d`uequu`mo/ NDH@ aoemqxnlau xandaxu tmvmut tba`x emiiaotu mo tba in`o vnla jmx aneb |mxk`ol vnvax "l`zao `o tba e`tnt`mo hacm|)/Umia |mxk`ol vnvaxu inp dazacmv `otm mtbax jmxiu mj vqhc`ent`mo/

Uqllautad e`tnt`mo7

Nmk`# I/ 86>8/ B`utmx`enc Umqxeau mj @out`tqt`monc Txngaetmx`au `o Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot7 Eb`on#

Gnvno# nod Kmxan Emivnxad/ NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 508->>-56-154>/b`utmx`enc/umqxeau/`otc/txngaetmx`au/aemomi`e/daz-

Vcanua emotnet tba nqtbmxu jmx `ojmxint`mo nhmqt tb`u vnvax/

Ain`c7nmk`Futnojmxd/adq

Inunb`km Nmk` `u vxmjauumx aiax`tqu nod uao`mx jaccm| nt Utnojmxd Qo`zaxu`tp nod z`u`t`oljaccm| nt NDH@/

Tb`u auunp `u hnuad mo n caetqxa tbnt tba nqtbmx dac`zaxad nt# nod hp tba `oz`tnt`mo mj# tbanooqnc emojaxaoea mj tba Ume`atp jmx tba Ndznoeaiaot mj Ume`mAemomi`eu bacd nt tbaInuunebquattu @out`tqta mj Taebomcmlp mo 8056 Gqcp 86>8/ Ba |mqcd c`ka tmnekom|cadla bacvjqc d`uequu`mou |`tb Jxnoe`u Jqkqpnin mj Utnojmxd Qo`zaxu`tp# I`o~qnoC`q mj Vak`ol Qo`zaxu`tp nod tba Nu`no Dazacmviaot Hnok @out`tqta# nod PmqolBmmoXbaa mj Uamqc Ont`monc Qo`zaxu`tp `o vxavnx`ol no anxc`ax dxnjt/ Bm|azax# ba `u umcacpxauvmou`hca jmx z`a|u nod `otaxvxatnt`mou arvxauuad `o tb`u auunp/ Ba haoaj`ttad lxantcpjxmi nhca xauanxeb nuu`utnoea vxmz`dad hp Pmkm Pninimtm nod Txazmx @oeaxt`/

Tba z`a|u arvxauuad `o tb`u vnvax nxa tba z`a|u mj tba nqtbmx nod dm omt oaeauunx`cpxajcaet tba z`a|u mx vmc`e`au mj NDH@# tba NDH# `tu Hmnxd mj D`xaetmxu# mx tba lmzaxoiaotutbap xavxauaot/ NDH@ dmau omt lqnxnotaa tba neeqxnep mj tba dntn `oecqdad `o tb`u vnvaxnod neeavtu om xauvmou`h`c`tp jmx nop emoua~qaoeau mj tba`x qua/ Taxi`omcmlp quad inpomt oaeauunx`cp ha emou`utaot |`tb NDH mjj`e`nc taxiu/

Nu`no Dazacmviaot Hnok @out`tqtaKnuqi`lnuak` Hq`cd`ol 2J581 Knuqi`lnuak`# Eb`pmdnkqTmkpm >66:662# Gnvno

Tac7 +2>551051166Jnr7 +2>5510511QXC7 |||/ndh`/mxlAin`c7 `ojmFndh`/mxl

86>8 Nu`no Dazacmviaot Hnok @out`tqta

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

3/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

Nhutxnet

Tb`u auunp vxmz`dau n lniatbamxat`e# aodmlaomqu z`a| mj `out`tqt`mou# nod tbao nvvc`au tba`dan tm `daot`jp tba umqxeau mj `out`tqt`monc txngaetmx`au mj aemomi`e dazacmviaot `o Eb`on#Gnvno# nod Kmxan/ @t utpc`wau tba Inctbqu`novbnua mj Anut Nu`no aemomi`au nu vanunothnuadaemomi`au `o |b`eb uincc jni`c`au nccmentad tba`x |mxk`ol t`ia hat|aao jnxi`ol mo uincc vcmtu

canuad mx m|oadnod bnodexnjt`ol jmx vaxumonc emouqivt`mo nod inxkatu/ @t tbao emivnxau`out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu nexmuu tbaua aemomi`au tbnt uqutn`oad mtbax|`ua u`i`cnx aemomi`au/@t ebnxnetax`wau tba znx`ad ontqxa mj tba vmc`t`enc utntau mj ^`ol Eb`on# Tmkqln|n Gnvno# nod P`Kmxan hp jmequ`ol mo tba |np `o |b`eb nlx`eqctqxnc tnrau |axa aojmxead/ @t ncum `daot`j`aud`jjaxaot vnttaxou mj ume`nc omxiu mj txqut tbnt |axa `out`tqt`monc emivcaiaotu tm# mx uqhut`tqtaujmx# vmc`t`enc utntau/ J`onccp# `t txneau tba vntbdavaodaot txnoujmxint`mou mj tbaua utntaomxiemih`ont`mou ncmol uqhua~qaot txnou`t`mou tm vmutInctbqu`no vbnuau mj aemomi`e lxm|tb `o tbaxauvaet`za aemomi`au/

GAC Ecnuu`j`ent`mo7 M45# M15# V1>

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

4/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

Emotaotu

>/ @otxmdqet`mo7 Tba EmAzmcqt`mo mj Aemomi`e# Daimlxnvb`e nod @out`tqt`monc Znx`nhcau /// 5

8/

N Utpc`wad Imdac mj tba Anut Nu`no Vanunothnuad Aemomip

///////////////////////////////////////// 1

8/> Tba Utpc`wad Imdac /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 18/8 Tba Azmcqt`mo mj UacjInonl`ol Vanunot Jni`c`au `o Anut Nu`no Aemomi`au //////// :

5/ Tba Vmc`t`enc Utntau# Omxiu# nod tba`x @out`tqt`monc`wad Xacnt`mou `o tba VanunothnuadAemomi`au ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2

5/> Tba @otaxvaoatxnt`za Utnta mj ^`ol Eb`on ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 25/8 Oautad# Ncc@oecqu`za Emnc`t`mou nod Iaihaxub`vHnuad Omxiu `o Tmkqln|n

Gnvno ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>>5/5 Tba Lmzaxonoea Utxqetqxa mj tba P`Dponutp nod Nqtmomimqu Ume`nc Emivnetu >85/4 @out`tqt`monc Xanumou jmx tba Cnek mj Aodmlaomqu Dx`z`ol Jmxea jmx tba @odqutx`nc

Xazmcqt`mo

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>4

4/ Txnou`t`mou tm tba Kqwoatu Vbnua `o Anut Nu`n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>1

4/> Gnvno7 Xanc`loiaotu mj tba Emnc`t`monc Utnta nod tba Xau`c`aoea mj Iaihaxub`vhnuad Omxi /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////>2

4/8 Kmxan7 Dazacmviaot qodax tba Emcmo`nc Utnta /////////////////////////////////////////////////////>04/5 Eb`on7 Txnoujmxint`mou mj tba @otaxvaoatxnt`za Utnta Utxqetqxa ////////////////////////////86

1/ Emoecqu`mou nod Jqxtbax Vxmuvaetu ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8>

Xajaxaoeau ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////84

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

5/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

5

>/ @OTXMDQET@MO7 TBA EM)AZMCQT@MO MJ AEMOMI@E#DAIMLXNVB@E NOD @OUT@TQT@MONC ZNX@NHCAU

Moa mj tba imut `ivmxtnot ume`nc ue`aot`j`e xauanxeb nlaodnu tmdnp `u tm qodaxutnod tbadponi`e ontqxa mj Anut Nu`no aemomi`au `o n emivnxnt`za nod b`utmx`enc vaxuvaet`za# nod tmqodaxutnod bm| tbmua aemomi`au njjaet tba |mxcd aemomip/ Neemxd`ol tm Nolqu Indd`umoujxa~qaotcp e`tad aut`inta# Eb`on# Gnvno# nod Kmxan tmlatbax emout`tqtad tba cnxlaut aemomi`exal`mo `o >286# vxmdqe`ol imxa tbno moatb`xd mj tba |mxcdu tmtnc vxmdqet`mo "Indd`umo 8665)/Bm|azax# tbnt vxmvmxt`mo dxmvvad tm nhmqt 2! `o tba i`ddca mj tba 86tb eaotqxp# |b`eb |nu tbaojmccm|ad hp tba uqeeauu`za aemomi`e i`xnecau mj Gnvno# tba Jmqx Nu`no T`laxu# nod om| tbaVamvcau Xavqhc`e mj Eb`on/ Tba nllxalnta xanc lxmuu dmiaut`e vxmdqet "LDV) mj tba AnutNu`no xal`mo# `oecqd`ol Tn`va`#Eb`on# nimqotad tm 88/4! mj Lxmuu \mxcd Vxmdqet`mo `o 86>>#uc`lbtcp uqxvnuu`ol tbnt mj tba Omxtb Niax`eno Jxaa Txnda Nlxaaiaot aemomi`au nod tbaAqxmvano Qo`mo vcqu U|`twaxcnod nod Omx|np "@IJ 86>8)/

Bm| eno |a neemqot jmx tb`u dxnint`e xatqxo mj Anut Nu`n= Eno |a u`ivcp artxnvmcnta `tuxaeaot aemomi`e vaxjmxinoea `otm tba jqtqxa= @u tbaxa noptb`ol emiimo nod qo`~qa tm tba

dazacmviaot vnttaxou mj Anut Nu`no aemomi`au# mx umiatb`ol jqodniaotnccp d`jjaxaot `o tba`xxauvaetu= @o a`tbax enua# bm| |`cc tba`x neeqiqcntad nuuatuvbpu`enc# bqino# nod`out`tqt`moncnod mtbax bax`tnlau ha jne`c`tnt`ol mx emoutxn`o`ol tba`x envne`t`au tm jqxtbaxdazacmv nod iaat aiaxlaot ebnccaolau uqeb nu vmvqcnt`mo nl`ol= Tbaua ~qaut`mou nvvanx tmencc jmx oa| tb`ok`ol hnuad mo b`utmx`enc nod emivnxnt`za vaxuvaet`zau/

@o tba cnut daenda mx um# n oa| qo`j`ad nvvxmneb tm aemomi`e lxm|tb bnu haao arvcmxad `oaemomi`eu tm danc |`tb `uuqau xacaznot tm tba nhmzaiaot`moad moau `o n laoaxnc noncpt`encjxnia|mxk "a/l/# Bnouao nod Vxauemtt 8668; Lncmx 86>6)/ Tbap nxa qo`j`ad `o tbxaa uaouau/ J`xut#tbap danc |`tb `otaxnet`mou hat|aao aemomi`e znx`nhcau nod daimlxnvb`e znx`nhcau "a/l/# jaxt`c`tp#imxtnc`tp# i`lxnt`mo# nla emivmu`t`mo mj tba vmvqcnt`mo) xntbax tbno danc`ol |`tb tba cnttax nuvnxniataxu nu `o oamecnuu`enc lxm|tb tbamxp/ Uaemod# tb`u nvvxmneb nttaivtu tm qodaxutnod tbatxnou`t`mo jxmi tba Inctbqu`no utnla mj aemomi`e dazacmviaot tm tba vmutInctbqu`no utnla nod

jqxtbax tm tba imdaxo lxm|tb utnla `o n qo`j`ad jxnia|mxk xntbax tbno txant`ol tbai nuemivcatacp d`ugm`otad utnlau/ Tb`xd# nu n emxmccnxp tm tba uaemod# `t qodaxutnodu d`jjaxaot lxm|tbvntbu nimol d`jjaxaot aemomi`au nu jmccm|`ol tba unia# omxinc vxmeauu mj dazacmviaot# mocp|`tb t`ia cnlu xntbax tbno nu d`jjaxaotcphncnoead lxm|tb vntbu emod`t`moad hp d`jjaxaotvnxniataxu/ Jxmi uqeb n qo`j`ad vaxuvaet`za# tbao# tba i`xnecau mj tba Anut Nu`no aemomi`aunxa omt xanccp i`xnecau# hqt entebqvu/ Tm hattax qodaxutnod tba dazacmviaot vxmeauu `o laoaxnc#bm|azax# |a inp ncum |`ub tm kom| |bp tbaxa nxa d`jjaxaoeau `o tba t`i`ol# dqxnt`mo# nod`out`tqt`monc jmxiu mj uqeeauu`za dazacmviaotnc vbnuau nexmuu aemomi`au/ Hat|aao# unp# \autnod Anut Nu`n# mx nimol Eb`on# Gnvno# nod Kmxan |`tb`o Anut Nu`n/ No `iiad`nta nou|ax emqcdha `out`tqt`mou inttax/ Bm|azax# tba qo`j`ad nvvxmneb nu `t utnodu om| nvvanxu tm ha hnuad momhuaxznt`mou mj utpc`wad jnetu jxmi ndznoead \autaxo dazacmviaot/ Nxa tba Anut Nu`noaemomi`au jmccm|`ol tba `out`tqt`monc vntbu mj tba \aut# mocp |`tb n t`ia cnl=

@o tba c`taxntqxa danc`ol |`tb tba uqhgaet# b`utmx`enc ebnxnetax`ut`eu mj Anut Nu`no `out`tqt`mou nxamjtao emivnxad tm tba`x \autaxo emqotaxvnxtu nod ebnxnetax`wad `o taxiu mj d`ebmtmimquvnxniataxu uqeb nu nqtbmx`tnx`no vmc`t`enc xal`iau# nu mvvmuad tm daimexnt`enccp emotxmccadlmzaxoiaotu nod tba xqca mj cn|; txqut xacnt`mou c`i`tad tm k`oub`v lxmqvu nu mvvmuad tmlaoaxnc`wad imxnc`tp; eqctqxnc emccaet`z`ui nu mvvmuad tm `od`z`dqnc`ui; vntaxonc`ut`eEmojqe`no`ui nu mvvmuad tm `od`z`dqnc`ut`e Vxmtautnot`ui nu cal`t`i`w`ol `damcmlp# nod um mo/Tbaua vnxniatx`e nvvxmnebau tbao lm mo tm arni`oa tba`x `ivnetu mo d`zaxlaot aemomi`edazacmviaot vnttaxou# mjtao |`tb oalnt`za emoomtnt`mou |`tb xalnxdu tm Anut Nu`no envne`tp tm

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

6/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

4

laoaxnta `oomznt`mo# nqtmomimqucp laoaxnta `odqutx`nc xazmcqt`mo# uaeqxa vx`znta vxmvaxtp x`lbtu#nod um mo/ Bm|azax# azao `j uqeb n d`ebmtmip inp ha lxnotad nu n |mxk`ol bpvmtbau`u# |ainp |modax |bp nod bm| `t meeqxxad `o tba j`xut vcnea= Mx imxa daavcp# nxa tba nhmzaiaot`moad vnxniatx`e d`ebmtmi`au x`eb aomqlb tm envtqxa tba ontqxa nod vmuu`hca znx`at`au mjAnut Nu`no `out`tqt`mou nod tba`x `ivnet mo aemomi`e nod ume`atnc dazacmviaot vxmeauuau=

@outand mj n vnxniatx`e txantiaot mj `out`tqt`mou# @ ndmvt tba jmccm|`ol lniatbamxat`e emoeavtqncjxnia|mxk jmx qodaxutnod`ol `out`tqt`mou nod tba`x dponi`eu tbnt @ bnza dazacmvad acua|baxa"Nmk` 866>; 86>6; 86>>)/ @ utnxt |`tb tba u`ivca omt`mo tbnt7 @out`tqt`mou nxa unc`aot |npu mj tbaume`atnc lniau vcnpad# ha`ol vcnpad# nod hac`azad tm ha vcnpad `o n vmvqcnt`mo/ Zaxp u`ivca`odaad# hqt azmk`ol xaeqxu`za utntau mj vcnp nod hac`aju enccu jmx a~q`c`hx`qi tb`ok`ol/ Bm| nxauqeb xaeqxu`za utntau hmtb `o tba vbpu`enc vcnp mj ume`atnc lniau nod tba `otaxonc hac`aj mj`od`z`dqnc nlaotu emgm`otcp laoaxntad nod inda uqutn`onhca= @ uqhi`t tbnt `t `u dqa tm tba`otaxiad`nt`ol jqoet`mo mj vqhc`e "c`olq`ut`e) xavxauaotnt`mou tbnt uqiinx`wa tba unc`aot jantqxaumj tba xaeqxu`za utnta mj vcnp nod uaxza nu artaxonc emlo`t`za xaumqxeau jmx tba hac`aj jmxint`momj `od`z`dqnc nlaotu/ Tbap inp tnka uqeb uqhutnot`za jmxiu nu cn|u# omxiu# mxlno`wnt`mou#ume`nc xqcau nod u`lou# xac`l`mqu `damcml`au# nod tba c`ka/ Tba`x neeavtnoea hp nlaotu nucal`t`inta# nqtbmx`tnt`za# aojmxeanhca# txqut|mxtbp# tnkaojmxlxnotad# ate/# davaod`ol mo

dmin`ou mj ume`atnc lniau# `u oa`tbax nqtmint`e omx u`ivcp vmc`ep`odqead/ Tbap iqut haaodmxuad nod xaemoj`xiad hp unc`aot jantqxau mj tba xaeqxu`za utnta mj netqnc vcnp/ @outand mjtnk`ol tbai nu armlaomqu vnxniataxu# nu umia mj tba txnd`t`monc nvvxmnebau dm# |a oaad tmnoncpwa bm| tbap haemia uqutn`oad nu a~q`c`hx`qi vbaomiaon nod bm| tbap emxxacnta nod nxaiqtqnccp xa`ojmxe`ol |`tb tba xaeqxu`za utnta mj vcnp/

Uqeb no aodmlaomqu z`a| mj `out`tqt`mou not`e`vntau tbnt `out`tqt`mou ncum ebnola |`tbuqhutnot`za ebnolau `o tba utnta mj vcnp uqeb nu aoz`u`moad `o taxiu mj vbnuatxnou`t`mou mjaemomi`edaimlxnvb`e znx`nhcau `o tba qo`j`ad nvvxmneb/ Tbqu# `out`tqt`mou ubmqcd ha z`a|ad nuemazmcz`ol |`tb aemomi`edaimlxnvb`e dponi`eu xntbax tbno dataxi`o`ol aemomi`edaimlxnvb`e znx`nhcau `o n qo`d`xaet`monc |np/ Tba cnek mj qodaxutnod`ol mj jaadhneku jxmi tbaxanc vcnp mj ume`atnc lniau tm `out`tqt`mou mjtao candu tm vmc`ep xaemiiaodnt`mou tbnt nxa`xxacaznot# mx tbnt inp bnza ndzaxua `ivnetu mo aemomi`e vaxjmxinoea mj tba tnxlatad

aemomip/Tb`u vnvax utpc`wau tba Inctbqu`noutnla aemomi`au mj Eb`on# Gnvno# nod Kmxan nu tbavanunothnuad aemomip `o |b`eb vanunot jni`c`au mj uincc u`wa uacjinonlad tba`x |mxk`olt`ia nimol "|at) jnxi`ol mo uincc vcmtu# canuad mx m|oad; dmiaut`e bnodexnjt`ol"inoqjnetqx`ol) jmx vaxumonc qua nod inxkatu; nod xqoo`ol bmquabmcdu/ Hnuad mo tba nhmzaaodmlaomqu z`a| mj `out`tqt`mou# tb`u vnvax lmau mo tm `daot`jp exqe`nc `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu`o tbaua xauvaet`za aemomi`au tbnt uqutn`oad tba`x mtbax|`ua u`i`cnx aemomi`au/ @t ebnxnetax`wautba hnu`e ontqxa mj tba vmc`t`enc utntau `o ^`ol Eb`on# Tmkqln|n Gnvno# nod tba cnta P` Kmxan hpjmequ`ol mo tba |npu `o |b`eb nlx`eqctqxnc tnrau mo jnxicnodu |axa xauvaet`zacp aojmxead/ @t ncum`daot`j`au d`jjaxaot vnttaxou mj ume`nc omxiu mj txqut tbnt |axa a`tbax `out`tqt`monc uqhut`tqtau mxemivcaiaotu tm tba xauvaet`za vmc`t`enc utntau/ @t emoecqdau tbnt tbaua utntaomxi emih`ont`mouuat `o tba Inctbqu`no vbnua mj tba Anut Nu`no aemomi`au haenia umqxeau mj uqhua~qaot`out`tqt`monc txngaetmx`au# z`a|ad nu uqeeauu`zacp vqoetqntad a~q`c`hx`n emazmcz`ol |`tbemxxauvmod`ol vbnuau mj aemomi`e dazacmviaot/

Tb`u auunp `u tbqu omt n b`utmx`enc utqdp vax ua# hnuad mo tba uexqt`op mj vx`inxp dmeqiaotu#dntn nod um mo# hqt no noncpt`enc onxxnt`za hnuad mo tba xand`olu mj nqtbmx`tnt`za b`utmx`encutqd`au jxmi no `out`tqt`monc`utu vaxuvaet`za/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

7/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

1

8/ N UTPC@WAD IMDAC MJ TBA ANUT NU@NO VANUNOT)HNUAD AEMOMIP

8/> Tba Utpc`wad Imdac

Uazaotaaotb nod >2tb eaotqxp Anut Nu`n inp ha emou`daxad nu bnz`ol haao `o tba Inctbqu`novbnua mj aemomi`e lxm|tbxajaxxad tm nu tba Ivbnua baxanjtaxebnxnetax`wad hp cm|a~q`c`hx`qi mj vax env`tn LDV |`tb n cnxla aivcmpiaot ubnxa `o nlx`eqctqxa/ Bm|azax# `t dmauomt oaeauunx`cp `ivcp tbnt tba vbnua cnekad nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`mo lxm|tb/ @odaad# `o tbmuavax`mdu# Eb`on# Gnvno nod Kmxan aogmpad nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`mo lxm|tb# nctbmqlbneemivnop`ol `oexanuau `o xqxnc vmvqcnt`mo mjjuat lxm|tb `o vax env`tn taxiu7 tba tpv`encebnxnetax`ut`eu mj tba Ivbnua `o laoaxnc/ Tba lxm|tb mj tmtnc nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`mo |nu vnxtcpneemivc`ubad hp tba `otxmdqet`mo mj oa| vxmdqetu uqeb nu in`wa nod vmtntmau jxmi tba Oa|\mxcd `otm b`tbaxtm qovxmdqet`za xal`mou uqeb nu umqtb nod |aut Eb`on nu |acc nu umia vnxtu mjtba Kmxano Vao`ouqcn/ Bm|azax# cnod xaecnint`mo jmx |at jnxi`ol |nu |`dacp vqxuqad `o tbmuavax`mdu `o aneb aemomip/ Jqxtbax# tba vxmc`jaxnt`mo mj cnhmxqu`ol taebomcml`enc vxmlxauu# uqebnu xavcne`ol tba qua mj c`zautmek |`tb daav vcm|`ol hp uvnda# lxantcp emotx`hqtad tm no `oexanua

`o x`ea j`acd vxmdqet`z`tp "Jqxqub`in >014)/

Tbqu# dxn|`ol mo vxazn`c`ol vxnet`eau `o ndznoead xal`mou uqeb nu tba Pnoltwa dactn nod tbaeaotxnc Gnvno Nxeb`vacnlm# n utpc`wad imdac mj tba Anut Nu`no vanunothnuad aemomip inp hajmxiqcntad nu tba moa `o |b`eb uinccu`wad "emogqlnc mx utai) vanunot jni`c`au |axa aolnlad `otba uacjinonlaiaot mj jnxi`ol mo uincc vcmtu mj uazaxnc nexau# uacjm|oad mx canuad/ \atjnxi`ol `o tba Imoummo nxan mj Anut Nu`n# emih`oad |`tb taebomcml`enc vxmlxauu iaot`moadnhmza# `oexanuad nlx`eqctqxnc zncqa vxmdqet`z`tp# hqt `t xa~q`xad nttaot`za bqino enxa tmzalatnt`mo jxmi tba t`ia mj uaadc`ol tm bnxzaut`ol tbnt enoomt ha ajj`e`aotcp xavcnead hpiaebno`enc daz`eau mx ucnza cnhmx/ Uacjinonlaiaot hp vanunot jni`c`au |`tbmqt b`axnxeb`encimo`tmx`ol hattax j`tu `oeaot`za|`ua |at jnxi`ol# nctbmqlb tbaxa |axa oaadu jmx emmvaxnt`zaajjmxtu `o dazacmv`ol nod uqutn`o`ol no `xx`lnt`mo uputai |`tb`o tba`x emiiqo`t`au/ Ncum# tba

uanumonc xbptbi mj |at jnxi`ol inda vmuu`hca tba ajj`e`aot qua mj x`ea vndd`au jmx uaemodnxp"nod taxt`nxp) dxp exmvv`ol `o omoxn`op uanumou# nu |acc nu tba qua mj omojnxi`ol t`ia jmxjni`cp cnhmx# vnxt`eqcnxcp tbnt mj |miao# tba nlad# nod eb`cdxao# jmx bnodexnjt`ol nod dmiaut`einoqjnetqx`ol jmx bmquabmcd quau# cmenc inxkatu# nod `od`laomqu hxmkaxu/

@ ni n|nxa tbnt tba nhmza dauex`vt`mo `u b`lbcp utpc`wad# nhutxnet`ol jxmi xal`monc d`jjaxaoeaunod taivmxnc ebnolau/ Jmx arnivca# `o omxtbaxo Eb`on ec`inta emod`t`mou |axa cauu jnzmxnhcajmx |at jnxi`ol nod |ntax txnouvmxtnt`mo# |b`ca ontqxnc d`unutaxu cand`ol tm jni`oa |axa imxauazaxa/ Nu dxp jnxi`ol vxmdqead ja|ax uqxvcquau tbaxa# taonoep xntau |axa cm|ax/ @outand#inonlax`nc jnxi`ol# `o |b`eb tba vx`oe`vnc eqct`zntmxu |mxkad tmlatbax |`tb n ja| b`xad cnhmxaxu#|nu imxa jxa~qaotcp mhuaxznhca# u`da hp u`da |`tb jni`cp jnxi`ol "a/l/# Vaxk`ou >0:0; Bqnol>021)/ @o umqtbanutaxo nxanu uqeb nu Lqnoldmol nod Jqg`no# c`oanla mxlno`wnt`mou xalqcntadtba uacjinonlaiaot mj iaihax bmquabmcdu# `o n |np tbnt |nu xai`o`ueaot mj tba xacnt`zacp

cnta# emccaet`za xaecnint`mo mj jnxicnod mj cm|ax lxnda "a/l/# Jxaadino >002tb eaotqxp# tba umqtb|autaxo nxan |nu ut`cc ha`ol dazacmv`ol hp oa| `ii`lxnotu/ @oGnvno# tba utpc`wad imdac mj tba vanunothnuad aemomip hp tba uincc emogqlnc vanunot jni`cp|nu imxa tpv`enccp nvvc`enhca tm vxnet`eau `o tba ndznoead eaotxnc xal`mo/ @o omxtbaxo Gnvno#|baxa ec`inet`e emod`t`mou nxa imxa uazaxa# utai jni`c`au |`tb uazaxnc laoaxnt`mou c`z`oltmlatbax |axa imxa vxazncaot `o mxdax tm emva |`tb tba bnxub cnhmx oaadu mj `od`z`dqncbmquabmcdu/ @o umqtb|autaxo Gnvno qxhno`wnt`mo |nu cauu dazacmvad tbno `o tba eaotxnc xal`moum tbnt jni`c`au haenia cnxla |`tb qoinxx`ad ndqctu c`z`ol tmlatbax "Bnpni` 8660)/ @o Kmxan#|baxa tba emivnxnt`zacp cmolax xqca mj tba P` Dponutp emot`oqad jxmi tba cnta >4tb eaotqxp#

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

8/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

:

umia nuvaetu mj tba `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu tbnt bnd dazacmvad vx`mx tm tba `otxmdqet`mo mj|at jnxi`ol taodad tm xain`o xau`c`aot "nu d`uequuad ubmxtcp)/ Bm|azax# |`tb tbaua vxac`i`onxp~qnc`j`ent`mou# `t inp uqjj`ea jmx qu tm b`lbc`lbt tba unc`aot jantqxau mj tba ndznoead PnoltwaDactn nod Eaotxnc Gnvno nu n xajaxaoea vm`ot jmx jxni`ol emivnxnt`za utqd`au `o `out`tqt`monctxngaetmx`au `o Anut Nu`no aemomi`au/>

8/8 Tba Azmcqt`mo mj Uacj)Inonl`ol Vanunot Jni`c`au `o Anut Nu`noAemomi`au

@ |`cc uqhua~qaotcp d`uequu |npu bm| d`zaxu`t`au `o xqxncutxqetqxau `o Eb`on nod Gnvno |axa bacd tmlatbax `o tba ^`ol nod Tmkqln|n utntau/

J`xut# cat qu nuk bm| uincc jni`c`au "tpv`enccp emogqlnc) |`tb omt imxa tbno n ja| eb`cdxaovxazn`cad nu tba eqct`znt`ol qo`t omxi `o tba vax`mdu nod vcneau mj mqx emoeaxo/ N qo`zaxunc`ivaxnt`za jmx uqeb jni`cp utxqetqxau tm ha taebomcml`enccp emivnt`hca |`tb |at jnxi`ol |nuuqllautad `o tba vxaz`mqu uaet`mo/ Bm|azax# `t vm`otu mocp tm n umxt mj dainod jnetmx/ Tbaxaiqut bnza ncum haao `out`tqt`monc jnetmxu tm `odqea nod uqutn`o nlaotu habnz`mx tm|nxd uqebjni`cphnuad eqct`znt`mo/

@o Eb`on# moa mj tba ingmx `out`tqt`monc jnetmxu |nu tba vxnet`ea mj vnxt`hca `obax`tnoea nimol

umou/ N vqhc`e xavxauaotnt`mo mj uqeb n xqca eno ha txnead hnek tm nu anxcp nu tba calnc`utvb`cmumvbax Ubnol Pnol "506552 HE) `o tba \nxx`mx vax`md/ Ba jmxiqcntad n xqca jmx tbautnh`c`tp mj vmc`t`enc xqca tbnt inca ndqctu ubmqcd omt c`za tmlatbax qodax n u`olca xmmj/ Tba calncdau`lo mj tb`u uebmmc cn`d `out`tqt`monc jmqodnt`mou jmx tba ubmxtc`zad# hqt j`xut qo`j`ad `ivax`ncutnta ^`o dponutp "88>86: HE)/ @odaad# tba xqca |nu omt `oemou`utaot |`tb tba `otaxautu mjuqeeauu`za dponut`au tm emotxmc nod xautxn`o tba aiaxlaoea mj emqotaxvm|axu mjcnodm|oaxub`vhnuad nx`utmexntu/ Tba `obax`tnhca nx`utmexnt ecnuu |nu xaimzad jxmi tba vmc`t`encnxaon `o Uqol Eb`on tbnt `ivcaiaotad arecqu`za xac`noea mo tba t`iabmomxad `ivax`ncarni`ont`mo uputai jmx tba xaexq`tiaot mj lmzaxoiaot mjj`e`ncu/ Uebmcnxcp mjj`e`ncu tbqu xaexq`tademqcd neeqiqcnta aemomi`e |anctb nod xavqtnt`mo env`tnc jmx tba`x artaodad jni`cp iaihaxu#hqt tba`x vmu`t`mou |axa omt `obax`tnhca/ Tba neeqiqcntad |anctb mj ar uebmcnxmjj`e`ncu mjtaod`uu`vntad njtax tba`x dantbu# nu tba`x nccalad c`oanla iaihaxu nod mvvmxtqo`ut`e uaxznotu mjtao

lxnhhad tba xain`o`ol |anctb nod xno n|np/ Umia |anctb`ax c`oanlau tx`ad tm nzm`d a~qncd`z`u`mo nimol umou hp uatt`ol qv c`oanla txqutu# xacp`ol mo Emojqe`no imxnc`w`ol nhmqt no`danc jni`cp emou`ut`ol mj laoaxnt`mou c`z`ol tmlatbax/ Bm|azax# tb`u tpva mj jni`cp utxqetqxahaenia cauu utnhca `o ^`ol Eb`on# nu vxmhcaiu mzax tba uqeeauu`mo mj tba jni`cp band nodd`uvqtau mzax tba emotxmc mj txqutu emqcd anu`cp xauqct `o tba d`z`u`mo mj vxmvaxtp/ Vanunot jni`c`auemqcd omt njjmxd uqeb jqodu# azao `j imdaut# qocauu umia vax`vbaxnc nuuatu |axa uatnu`da nttba t`ia mj uattcaiaot/

>Tba Pnoltwadactn bnu nc|npu haao no ndznoead aemomi`e xal`mo nod bnu `ojcqaoead tba dazacmviaot mj mtbaxxal`mou tm tba vxauaot dnp "a/l/# Iqxnintuq >0020; Xn|uk` >020; In 8662; C` 86>8)/ @j tba dactn |nuemqotad nu no `odavaodaot aemomip# `t |mqcd bnza haao tba taotb cnxlaut aemomip `o tba |mxcd `o taxiu mj xancLDV `o 8660# |`tb `tu LDV vax env`tn x`u`ol tm QU$>>#:66 "C` 86>8)/

Tba omxi mj vnxt`hca `obax`tnoea inda tba ebnola mj cnod m|oaxub`v jcq`d# |b`ca c`i`t`ol tba u`wamj jnxicnod m|oaxub`v hp eqct`znt`ol vanunot jni`c`au/ Umia jni`c`au |axa tbao jmxead tm vn|otba`x vxmvaxt`au mx vnxt |`tb tba m|oaxub`v vaxinoaotcp mx xatn`o`ol xavqxebnua mvt`mou |baotbap bnd hnd cmnou# qxlaot jni`cp oaadu nod um mo/ Bm|azax# azao `j tbap |axa jmxead tm dm um#tbap mjtao emot`oqad tm eqct`znta tba vcmtu qodax canua emotxnetu jxmi tba hqpaxu# haenquaxacp`ol mo tbai jmx eqct`znt`mo |nu haoaj`e`nc jmx oa| m|oaxu mx caodaxu jmx tba taebomcml`encxanumo omtad nhmza/ Tbqu# `otx`enta nxxnolaiaotu mj iqct`cnpaxad vxmvaxtp x`lbtu nod oat|mxkumj canu`ol emotxnetu azmczad |`tb`o nod nexmuu z`ccnlau nod ecnuuau "a/l/# Acc`ekumo 86>>; Cmol86>8)/ M|oaxub`v-emotxnetu |axa umcd nod hmqlbt c`ka utmeku# umiat`iau azao |`tbmqt tba

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

9/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

010)/ Tbaua ianuqxau |axaauuaot`nccp jmccm|ad hp tba uqhua~qaot Tmkqln|n xal`ia/ @o tb`u |np# vanunot jni`c`au bandadhp moa inca ndqct haenia tba hnu`e jnxi`ol qo`t |`tb da jnetm m|oaxub`v mj tba jnxicnod tbapeqct`zntad/ Cnxla vntx`nxebnc jni`c`au `o xqxnc nxanu |axa d`uumczad/ Tba`x iaihaxu haenia tnr

vnp`ol# eqct`znt`ol vanunotu# |b`ca vm|axjqc jni`cp bandu nimol tbai |bm bnd uqvvc`ad bqinonod vbpu`enc xaumqxeau tm nxiad hnttcau `o tba vxaead`ol \nxx`mx vax`md |axa araivtad jxmitnrnt`mo/ Tbap |axa om| xa~q`xad tm c`za `o enutca tm|ou nod inda tm dxn| ut`vaodu j`rad `otaxiu mj ~qnot`tp mj x`ea jxmi tba Ubmlqonta "Hnkqjq) mx dmin`ou "Bno) nu tba`x uniqxn`"c`taxnccp# uaxznot)/ Tb`u xal`ia `u xajaxxad tm nu tba Hnkqbno xal`ia `o emotaivmxnxp c`taxntqxa/

Tbxmqlb tba autnhc`ubiaot mj Hnkqbno xal`ia# Ubmlqonta nod Bno lmzaxoiaotu haenia nhcatm uaeqxa tnr xazaoqau |`tbmqt `otaxiad`nta artxnet`mo hp omoeqct`znt`ol cnodm|oaxu# |b`caxaimz`ol vmtaot`nc umqxeau mj vmc`t`enc ebnccaola nln`out tba`x vmc`t`enc mxdax/ Tba cnod m|oaxub`vxal`utax |nu kavt nt tba z`ccnla mjj`ea nod inonlad hp cand`ol jni`c`au# |bm ncum iad`ntadm|oaxub`v d`uvqtau# nctbmqlb z`ccnla iaihaxu |axa jmxinccp aot`tcad tm hx`ol enuau tm tba emqxtundi`o`utaxad hp tba Ubmlqonta nod umia dmin`ou/ Tbqu# emiimo cn| auuaot`nccp vxazn`cad `ouattc`ol d`uvqtau/ Tba txnoujax mj cnod m|oaxub`v nexmuu z`ccnlau |nu xalqcntad# `j omt `o vxnet`ea#

z`uz`u iaxebnotu `o tba cnta Tmkqln|n axn "a/l/# Ui`tb >010)/ Tm uaeqxa tnr emccaet`mo# tbaUbmlqonta `uuqad no mxd`onoea tm vxmb`h`t vnxt`hca `obax`tnoea mj jnxicnod njtax tba `o`t`nc u`rtppanxu mj `tu xqca/ Bm|azax# tba vxnet`ea mj vx`imlao`tqxa bnd ncxandp uvxand hp tbao jmx n xanumotbnt @ |`cc d`uequu ubmxtcp# nctbmqlb `o vxnet`ea tbaxa |axa znx`nt`mou jxmi tba xqca# davaod`ol mobmquabmcdu nod xal`mou jxmi tba xqca "Bnpni` 8660)/

Kmxan |nu ncum omt vxaecqdad jxmi txnou`t`mo tm n vanunothnuad aemomip/ @o tba >

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

10/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

2

vax`mdu# `obax`tnoea uputaiu ncum ebnolad jxmi d`z`u`mo nimol eb`cdxao `oecqd`ol dnqlbtaxu `otba anxcp P` dponutp tm d`z`u`mo nimol umou# nod tbao tm vx`imlao`tqxa# `o emotxnut tm tbaEmojqe`no omxi "K`ub`imtm nod I`png`in >002)/ Tb`u inp ha emou`daxad n upivtmi mj tbaazmcqt`mo mj tba vanunothnuad aemomip nu `o tba enua mj Gnvno/

5/ TBA VMC@T@ENC UTNTAU# OMXIU# NOD TBA@X@OUT@TQT@MONC@WAD XACNT@MOU @O TBA VANUNOT)HNUAD AEMOMI@AU

Tbqu# tba vanunothnuad aemomip inp ha uaao nu envtqx`ol emozaxlaot# utpc`wad jantqxau mj

>2tb eaotqxp Anut Nu`no aemomi`au# nctbmqlb `out`tqt`monc vntbu tm tb`u aod |axa znx`ad/ Njqxtbax ~qaut`mo `u bm| tb`u aemomip |nu vmc`t`enccp lmzaxoad/ Tba oart uaet`mo onxxntau lniatbamxat`e vnxnhcau mo tb`u `uuqa hp jmequ`ol mo tba |npu `o |b`eb nlx`eqctqxnc tnrnt`mo |nuaojmxead tm j`onoea lmzaxoiaot arvaod`tqxau/

Nt tba imut hnu`e cazac# tba vmc`t`enc utnta emou`utaot |`tb tba omt`mo mj `out`tqt`mo vxmvmuad `otba hal`oo`ol mj tb`u auunp inp ha emoeavtqnc`wad nu n utnhca a~q`c`hx`qi utnta mj tba ume`atnclnia `o tba vmc`t`encarebnola dmin`o "Nmk` 866>; 86>6)/ Oaadcauu tm unp# nop lxmqv mj bqinoha`olu oaadu tm ha emccaet`zacp unjalqnxdad tm jmxi n ume`atp tbxmqlb tba neeqiqcnt`mo nodvxmz`u`mo mj vqhc`e lmmdu uqeb nu emccaet`za dajaoua# unjatp nod uaeqx`tp# kom|cadla# nod um mo/\`tb`o tb`u emccaet`za jxnia|mxk# `od`z`dqnc nlaotu eno vqxuqa `otaxautu mj tba`x m|o nu |acc nuemccaet`za haoaj`tu nt tba uqhvmvqcnt`mo cazac/ Bm|azax# tba netqnc dac`zaxp mj vqhc`e nuuatu nodlmmdu# nu |acc nu tba`x j`onoe`ol# `o vmvqcnt`mou cnxlax tbno tx`hau oaadu tm ha eaotxnccpdacalntad tm n emxvmxnta aot`tp u`ivcp xajaxxad tm nu tba lmzaxoiaot/ Tba lmzaxoiaot `ua~q`vvad |`tb tba vbpu`enc jmxea nod mxlno`wnt`mou tm vaxjmxi tbaua jqoet`mou# hqt `t `u ncum nonlaot |b`eb netu `o `tu m|o `otaxautu `o moa |np mx nomtbax "`oecqd`ol `otaxautu `o uqutn`o`ol tbaimomvmcp mj z`mcaoea# tba aogmpiaot mj vxaut`la nod um mo)/ @t uacaetu net`mou mo tba hnu`u mj `tum|o hac`aj nhmqt vx`znta nlaotu vmuu`hca xanet`mou tm `tu m|o znx`mqu mvt`mou/ Mo tba mtbaxbnod# vx`znta nlaotu xanet tm lmzaxoiaotu net`mou jxmi nimol mvt`mou uqeb nu nvvxmznc#

uqhi`uu`mo# xau`utnoea# xagaet`mo# xazmct# nod mtbaxu/ Tbap eno dm um a`tbax `od`z`dqnccp# hpjmxi`ol n uqhemnc`t`mo nimol tbai# mx emccqd`ol |`tb tba lmzaxoiaot/ Tbqu# n utxntal`e lniau`tqnt`mo nx`uau hat|aao tba lmzaxoiaot nod vx`znta nlaotu/ Iqct`vca utxntal`e a~q`c`hx`n emqcdnx`ua `o tb`u k`od mj lnia# xauqct`ol `o znx`mqu uqhutnot`za jmxiu mj tba vmc`t`enc utnta# davaod`olmo vnxniataxu mj lnia utxqetqxa/ Bm|azax# n uacaetad a~q`c`hx`qi `u c`kacp tm j`t |`tb `out`tqt`monca~q`c`hx`n `o mtbax dmin`ou mj ume`atnc lniau uqeb nu aemomi`e# ume`nc nod mxlno`wnt`moncdmin`ou/ Mtbax|`ua vmc`t`enc daenp `u `oaz`tnhca/ @t `u `ivmxtnot tm d`ut`olq`ub `o tb`u xauvaethat|aao tba vmc`t`enc utnta nu n utnhca# xaeqxxaot utnta mj vcnp mj tba vmc`t`enc lnia nod tbalmzaxoiaot nu n vcnpax mj tba lnia/ \`tb uqeb n hnu`e z`a| mj tba ontqxa mj tba vmc`t`enc utnta#tba jmccm|`ol d`uequu`mo jmequau mo no nuvaet mj vmc`t`enc utntau `o Anut Nu`no aemomi`au tbnt j`ttba vxmvaxtp x`lbtu nxxnolaiaotu `o tba`x xauvaet`za vanunot aemomi`au/

5/> Tba @otaxvaoatxnt`za Utnta mj ^`ol Eb`on

@t `u |acc kom|o tbnt tba lmzaxoiaot nvvnxntqu mj tba ^`ol Dponutp mj omind mx`l`o |nu xqo hpEmojqe`no uebmcnxmjj`e`ncu uacaetad tbxmqlb tba `ivax`nc arni`ont`mo uputai/ Nu ncxandp omtad#tb`u uputai xajcaetad tba cmol txnd`t`mo mj uqeeauu`za dponut`au "emivcatad `o tba Uqol Dponutp)tm ac`i`onta cnodad# nx`utmexnt`e vmc`t`enc vm|ax/ @o tba cnta ^`ol Dponutp nhmqt 566 bqodxaddmetmxu "g`oub`) |axa uacaetad azaxp tbxaa panxu mo tba iax`tu mj uebmcnxcp nod c`taxnxpkom|cadla mqt mj imxa tbno 86#666 ~qnc`j`ad enod`dntau jxmi ncc mzax tba emqotxp/ Tba b`lb

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

11/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

0

jc`axu nimol tbai hacmolad tm tba nendaip# jxmi |b`eb b`lb lmzaxoiaot mjj`e`ncu |axanvvm`otad/ Cm|ax vaxjmxiaxu |axa uaot tm vxmz`oeau nod vxajaetqxau nu inl`utxntau mo nxmtnt`monc hnu`u/ @t `u aut`intad tbnt tbaxa |nu mocp moa inl`utxnta vax t|m tm tbxaa tbmqunodbandu mj vmvqcnt`mo nuu`utad hp ~qnu`vaxinoaot cmenc utnjj `oecqd`ol tbmua |bm bnd jn`cad tbaarni`ont`mo nt znx`mqu uacaet`za utnlau mj tba vxmeauu/ L`zao tba emivcar`tp mj vxmvaxtp x`lbtunxxnolaiaotu xajaxxad tm `o tba vxaz`mqu uaet`mo# uebmcnxmjj`e`nc inl`utxntau emqcd omt ha

d`xaetcp aolnlad `o tba datn`cad ndi`o`utxnt`mo mj tnrnt`mo# nctbmqlb tbap |axa uqvvmuad tmxavxauaot Emojqe`no imxnc nqtbmx`tp `o in`otn`o`ol tba vmc`t`enc mxdax `ivmuad hp tba Dponutp/Xaeaot nendai`e xauanxeb aivbnu`wau tbnt tb`u vmc`t`enc jxnia|mxk cand tm cm|ax tnrnt`mo# omo`otaxjaxaoea `o ont`mo|`da inxkatu hp tba dponutp# hqt ncum tm n uax`mqu vx`oe`vncnlaot vxmhcai#tbnt `u# emxxqvt`mo nt tba cmenc cazac `ozmcz`ol inl`utxntau nod tba`x cmenc utnjj "a/l/# Xmuaotbncnod \mol 86>>; Uol 86>>; Hxnodt# In# nod Xn|uk` 86>8)/

Qodax tba |ank lxnuuxmmtu vm|ax mj tba Dponutp# tba |npu `o |b`eb cmenc vmc`t`enc lniau |axanetqnccp vcnpad emqcd davaod mo vxmvaxtp x`lbtu nxxnolaiaotu `o xal`mou/ Cat qu hal`o |`tb nenua mj tba ndznoead Pnoltwa dactn xal`mo nod bm| tnrnt`mo nod emotxnetu |axa aojmxead |`tb`otba un`d emivcar vxmvaxtp x`lbtu nxxnolaiaotu/ Iqxnintuq ">0

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

12/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>6

mhuaxzad `o znx`mqu jmxiu `o tba ^`ol Eb`on/ Jmx arnivca# vx`znta emxvmxnta aot`t`au uqeb nu tbac`oanla mxlno`wnt`mou `o xacnt`zacp cntadazacmvad umqtbanutaxo vxmz`oeau "Jxaadino >012;Hnkax >0012; Wac`o 8660); nod um mo |axa `otba vmu`t`mo mj vcnp`ol iqtqnccp emivcaiaotnxp utxntal`au |`tb tba Dponutp tm aobnoea tba`x

m|o vx`znta `otaxautu/ Txnd`t`monccp# `o ume`nc ue`aot`j`e utqd`au mo tba I`ol nod ^`ol Eb`on tbaxabnza haao t|m d`z`dad jme` mj nvvxmneb7 moa jmequ`ol mo tba eaotxnc`wad vm|ax mj tbaDponut`au nod tba mtbax mo tba xmcau tbnt znx`mqu daeaotxnc`wad ume`nc nod xal`moncmxlno`wnt`mou vcnp/ Bm|azax# tba ontqxa mj tba Eb`oaua vmc`t`enc utnta `o tbmua axnu inp netqnccpha ebnxnetax`wad nu utxntal`e emivcaiaotnxp `otaxvaoatxnt`mou hat|aao tba Dponutp nodznx`mqu vx`znta emxvmxnta hmd`au# nctbmqlb tbap |axa mjtao d`ulq`uad nu tba k`oxacntad ecnomxlno`wnt`mou/ Hacm| @ xajax tm tb`u a~q`c`hx`qi utnta mj tba ~qnu`vmc`t`enc dmin`o mj tba ume`atnclnia uqee`oetcp nu tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta/

Tb`u `u hqt moa `out`tqt`monc jmxi qo`~qacp ebnxnetax`ut`e tm ^`ol Eb`on# bm|azax# haenqua tba`otaxiad`nta emxvmxnta hmd`au enoomt emzax tba aot`xa txnounet`mou `o tba vanunothnuadaemomip/ Znut nxanu mj aemomi`e nod ume`nc txnounet`mou nod vx`znta emotxnetu |axa cajt

mqtu`da tba net`za `ozmczaiaot mj tba |ank lmzaxoiaot azao tbxmqlb tba`x ~qnu`nlaotemxvmxnta hmd`au/ N iaebno`ui tbqu azmczad jmx uqutn`o`ol nod aojmxe`ol emotxnetu nimol`od`z`dqnc nlaotu# uqeb nu nimol vanunot jni`c`au# hat|aao vanunotu nod `od`laomqu hxmkaxu#nu |acc nu nimol iaxebnotu mj znx`mqu cazacu/ @t |nu vxmz`dad hp xae`vxmenc txqut xacnt`mouutxntal`enccp uqvvmxtad hp iqtqnc `ozautiaotu `o `od`z`dqnc ume`nc env`tnc nimol emotxnetqncvnxtoaxu/ Jqxtbax# tm inka uqeb xae`vxmenc xacnt`moub`vu txqut|mxtbp nod uacjaojmxe`ol# tbapoaadad tm ha imo`tmxad hp tb`xd vnxt`au |bm tbaiuaczau |axa vnxt mj tba ebn`o mj emotxnetqncxacnt`moub`vu/ Tba utxntal`e ontqxa mj txqut xacnt`mou tbnt aihadu vx`znta emotxnet`ol |`tb`o nuvae`j`e oat|mxk mj vamvca `u tba auuaoea mj |bnt Eb`oaua xajaxxad tm nu lqnor` "c`taxnccp# tbaxacnt`mo mx emooaet`mo)/5

@t `u tm ha omtad tbnt tba lqnor`ubmqcd omt ha emojquad |`tb k`oub`v/ \bnt k`oub`v emqcd dm |nutm vxmz`da hattax `ojmxint`mo nhmqt nlaotu `otaxcmeqtmxu |`tb`o |b`eb emotxnetu tmmk vcnea; `t inpncum bnza vxmz`dad no ajjaet`za unoet`mo`ol iaebno`ui jmx dajaetmxu/ Um `t `u omt uqxvx`u`olazao `j emotxnetu ar`utad imxa mjtao |`tb`o tba emotart mj artaodad k`oub`v# hqt tba k`oub`v d`domt lqnxnotaa tbnt txnounet`mou |mqcd meeqx/ Mo tba mtbax bnod# tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta |nucal`t`i`wad hp tba Emojqe`no iatnvbmx mj `oz`mcnhca jntbaxumo xacnt`mou hat|aao tba dponutp

Tbqu tba eqctqxa mj vx`znta emotxnetu |nu utxaoltbaoad mo tba hnu`u mjlqnor`/ Lqnor` inp ha emou`daxad nu `out`tqt`monc emivcaiaotu tm tba uqutaonoea mj vx`zntaemxvmxnta aot`t`au nod inxkat xacnt`mou nimol tba vm|axjqc nod |anctbp# |b`ca `t uaxzad vanunotjni`c`au nu no `od`uvaounhca `out`tqt`monc uqhut`tqta jmx tba jmxinc`wad xqca mj cn| "BaxxinoV`ccntb 8660)/

5Tbaxa `u emotxmzaxup nimol notbxmvmcml`enc u`omcml`utu nu tm |batbaxlqnor``u aimt`mohnuad mx utxntalpmx`aotad/Bm|azax# tbaua t|m vmuu`h`c`t`au dm omt oaad tm ha emou`daxad nu iqtqnccp arecqu`za jxmi n lniatbamxat`e

vaxuvaet`za/ Uqvvmua tbnt nlaotu `o n vnxt`eqcnx dmin`o mj tba ume`atnc lnia arebnola ume`nc upihmcu# uqeb nu|mxdu# lautqxau# l`jtu# bacv nod tba c`ka# `o mxdax tm bnza `ivnet mo mtbaxu aimt`monc vnpmjju "emxxauvmod`ol tmlno~`ol `o Eb`oaua)/ @j moa dmau um |`tb tba arvaetnt`mo mj xae`vxme`tp jxmi mtbaxu# tbao uqeb net`mou inp haxalnxdad `o tba xadqead jmxi nu `ozautiaot `o moau m|o `od`z`dqnc ume`nc env`tnc/ Nu xaeaot oaqxmue`aot`j`e xauanxebemoj`xiu# tbaxa nxa txndamjju hat|aao aimt`monc vnpmjj nod intax`nc`ut`e-badmo`ut`e vnpmjj# nu `j oaqxmeqxxaoep"Imotnlqa nod Haxou 8668) `u ha`ol e`xeqcntad `o tba oat|mxk mj oaqxmou |`tb`o tba `od`z`dqnc hxn`o "uaa Jabx nodEniaxax 866

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

13/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>>

nod `otaxiad`nta vx`znta emxvmxnta hmd`au/ @t |nu ncum |`dacp hac`azad nimol cauu ndznotnladnlaotu tbnt nop qojn`x z`mcnt`mo mj emotxnetqnc xacnt`mou mx |xmol dm`ol hp cm|axcazac mjj`e`ncuemqcd qct`intacp ha unoet`moad hp tba haoazmcaot gqdliaot mj tba b`lbaxcazac uebmcnxmjj`e`ncemii`ttad tm tba imxnc zncqau mj Emojqe`no`ui "a/l/# Bqol 86>>)/ Hqt haoantb tbmua c`olq`ut`exavxauaotnt`mou# xbatmx`e# nod vmvqcnx hac`aj# tbaxa cn`d tba emih`ont`mo mj daav utnhca utntau mjume`atnc lniau tbnt |axa iqtqnccp utxntal`e emivcaiaotu-uqhut`tqtau/ @t |nu vxae`uacp tbxmqlb

tb`u utxqetqxa tbnt tba ^`ol Dponutp mj omind`e mx`l`o |nu nhca tm qo`jp tba emqotxp |`tb d`zaxu`tp`o uv`ta mj `tu |ank vm|ax hnu`u nt tba lxnuu xmmtu cazac/

Tba utnhca xqca mj tba ^`ol dponutp |nu gmctad hp tba xqxnc Tn`v`ol xahacc`mo `o tba i`d>0tbeaotqxp `o |b`eb nhmqt t|aotp i`cc`mo vamvca nxa un`d tm bnza d`ad/ Tba xahacc`mo tbnt tbxantaoadtba vxmvaxtp x`lbtu mxdax qodax tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta |nu ~qaccad hp xal`monc nxi`au mji`c`t`niao mxlno`wad nod cad hp aruebmcnxmjj`e`ncu hnuad `o tba i`dPnoltwa xal`mo/ Tbaphaenia imxa `ojcqaot`nc vcnpaxu `o tba vmc`t`enc lnia mj tba cnta ^`ol dponutp/ Tb`u utmxp xazancutbnt tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta |nu xau`c`aot# nu tba `otaxautu mj xal`monc vm|axu |axa nc`load |`tbvxauaxz`ol tba vxmvaxtp x`lbtu mxdax aojmxeanhca qodax tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta/ Hqt `t ncumhaenia ecanx tbnt tba eaotxnc`wad vm|ax mj tba dponutp bnd haemia |ankaoad z`uz`uxal`monc vm|axu/ Tb`u u`tqnt`mo azaotqnccp cad tm bncj mj eaotqxp mj tqxim`c `o |b`eb tba utxqetqxa

mj tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta |nu xaubqjjcad/

5/8 Oautad# Ncc)@oecqu`za Emnc`t`mou nod Iaihaxub`v)Hnuad Omxiu `oTmkqln|n Gnvno

@o emotxnut tm tba imomc`tb`e lmzaxonoea utxqetqxa mj tba ^`ol dponutp# tba HnkqBnoxal`ia mjtba Tmkqln|n axn |nu d`z`dad `otm taxx`tmx`au d`xaetcp lmzaxoad hp tba Ubmlqonta "Hnkqjq) nodtba 826mdd dmin`o lmzaxoiaotu "Bno)/ Aneb dmin`o |nu vxmz`dad |`tb arecqu`za x`lbtu tmemccaet n j`rad nimqot mj tnr uat `o taxiu mj ~qnot`tp mj x`ea jxmi aneb z`ccnla qodax `tu

gqx`ud`et`mo/ Ubmlqontau mxd`onoeau |`tb xalnxdu tm jnxicnod nod xqxnc bmquabmcdu |axajmxinccp nvvc`enhca mocp tm `tu m|o dmin`o# nctbmqlb `tu nxan |nu jnx cnxlax tbno mtbax dmin`ou/Tba Ubmlqonta |nu ut`cc aot`tcad tm jmxinccp unoet`mo uqeeauu`mo tm tba cmxdub`v mj aneb dmin`o#

nu |acc nu taxi`onta tba xqca mj nop dmin`o `o tba enua mj uax`mqu mjjaoua tm tba vmc`t`enc mxdaxuqeb nu tba qonqtbmx`wad qua mj z`mcaoea/ Tbaxa |axa mocp n ja| i`omx enuau `o |b`eb tba cnttaxxqca |nu netqnccp nvvc`ad# nctbmqlb# nu |a |`cc uaa# tba xqca |nu mzaxtcp daj`ad hp uniqxn` mjvm|axjqc dmin`ou `o tba cnut daenda mj tba HnkqBnoxal`ia/ Tbqu# tba ontqxa mj tba HnkqBnoxal`ia `o `tu bapdnp inp ha ebnxnetax`wad nu no ncc`oecqu`za emnc`t`mo utxqetqxa# utxntal`enccpuqvvmxtad hp tba tbxant mj arecqu`mo `o tba azaot mj daz`noea/ Tb`u xal`ia aiaxlad nu nemccaet`za xauvmoua tm tba imxa tbno n eaotqxpcmol \nxx`mx vax`md ">405>106) `o |b`eb j`axeaemivat`t`mo jmx vmc`t`enc balaimop |nu |nlad nimol xqxnchnuad vm|axu `o n uincc "xacnt`za tmEb`on) lamlxnvb`enc nxaon/ \`tb tba vmuu`h`c`tp mj i`c`tnxp emihnt tbqu ajjaet`zacp emoutxn`oad#uniqxn` |bm |axa uattcad `o tba enutca tm|o haenia da jnetm hqxanqexntu mj tba dmin`o# xnokadhp tba nimqot mj ut`vaod `o taxiu mj ubnxau `o tba x`ea tnr emccaetad jxmi tba z`ccnlau qodax tba`x

gqx`ud`et`mo/

Mo tba mtbax bnod# tnrau mo vanunot jni`c`au |axa j`rad neemxd`ol tm tba u`wa nod lxnd`ol mjtba`x cnodbmcd`ol xal`utaxad `o tba mjj`e`nc xaemxd kavt nt tba z`ccnla mjj`ea nod tba`x emccaet`mou|axa emotxnetad mqt tm tba z`ccnla/ Tba Ubmlqonta nod dmin`ou |axa `o tqxo omt tm d`xaetcp`otaxzaoa `o tba `otaxonc njjn`xu mj tba z`ccnla "iqxn) qodax tba`x gqx`ud`et`mo# nu cmol nu tbaz`ccnlau nllxalnta tnr mhc`lnt`mou |axa iat/ Tba iaihax bmquabmcdu mj tba z`ccnla `o tbaTmkqln|n vax`md nu n emccaet`z`tp tbqu haenia da jnetm tba xau`dqnc ecn`inot njtax tba jqcj`cciaotmj tba z`ccnla emotxnet z`uz`u tba Ubmlqonta mx tba dmin`o/ Tb`u u`tqnt`mo omt mocp ut`iqcntadaneb bmquabmcdu `oeaot`za jmx `oexanu`ol tba vxmdqet`z`tp mj `tu m|o cnod hp `otaou`jp`ol jni`cp

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

14/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>8

cnhmx `ovqtu7 tba vbaomiaomo nxtjqccp taxiad nu tba @odqutx`mqu Xazmcqt`mo hp Bnpni` ">0257Ebnvtax >)/ Hqt `t ncum `odqead ncc tba iaihax bmquabmcdu tm bnza vmtaot`nc emiimo `otaxautu`o hq`cd`ol nod uqutn`o`ol jnxi`ol `ojxnutxqetqxa# uqeb nu `xx`lnt`mo oat|mxku jmx |at jnxi`ol# tbadajaoua mj exmvu jxmi tpvbmmo# nu |acc nu iqtqnc bacv `o jnxi`ol net`z`t`au/ @o iqtqnccpimo`tmx`ol tba jqcj`cciaot mj `od`z`dqnc tnr mhc`lnt`mou nod emotxmcc`ol jxaax`d`ol mzax emccaet`zaaotaxvx`uau# n utx`et ume`nc omxi mj emivc`noea nod emojmxi`tp azmczad nimol iaihax

bmquabmcdu |`tb tba tbxant mj ume`nc mutxne`ui jmx daz`notu enccad iqxnbneb`hq "c`taxnccpiano`ol 26! arecqu`mo jxmi emccaet`za net`mou areavt jmx enuau mj jqoaxnc nod j`xaj`lbt`ol/Uaa Nmk` 866>7 Ebnvtax 8/>)/ Tb`u `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaot |nu jne`c`tntad nod ajjaetqntad hpink`ol tba bmquabmcd tba uqutn`onhca emout`tqaot qo`t mj aemomi`e nod vmc`t`enc c`ja `o tbaz`ccnla# nod nu ncxandp uqllautad# vx`imlao`tqxa azmczad nu tba `obax`tnoea omxi# nctbmqlbznx`nt`mo d`d ar`ut "a/l/# |miao umiat`iau bandad bmquabmcdu/ Uaa Bnpni` >025)/

Tba k`od mj omxi tbqu azmczad `o tba z`ccnla inp ha ebnxnetax`wad imxa laoaxnccp nu tbaiaihaxub`vhnuad omximj txqut# emivc`noea nod emojmxi`tp `o tbnt iqtqnc mhc`lnt`mou nod txqut|axa d`xaetad tm|nxdu ncc iaihax bmquabmcdu mj tba z`ccnla nod mocp tm|nxdu tbai/ Iaihaxu mjaneb z`ccnla |axa `od`jjaxaot tm|nxd tbmua mj mtbax z`ccnlau `o omxinc t`iau# |b`ca z`ccnlau |axaiqtqnccp aolnlad `o j`axea emojxmotnt`mo `o t`iau tbxantaoad hp tba ubmxtnla mj |ntax uqvvcp tm

x`ea vndd`au/ N u`i`cnx iaihaxub`vhnuad omxi mj lxmqv cmpnctp |nu `ivmuad mo uniqxn`hqxanqexntu mj tba dmin`o |`tb n iatnvbmx mj tba dmin`o nu `a"n bmqua)/ N omxi mj tb`u tpvancum vxazn`cad `o umqtbanut Eb`on |baxa c`oanla mxlno`wnt`mou xalqcntad z`ccnla njjn`xu/ Hqt tbaiaihaxub`vhnuad omxi inxkadcp d`jjaxu jxmi lqnor` tbnt eno ha hq`ct nod uqutn`oad mocpnimol tbmua |bm iqtqnccp nod emot`oqnccp `ozaut `o xavqtnt`mo env`tnc/ Lqnor` `u uacaet`za nodemout`tqt`za xntbax tbno iaihaxub`vhnuad/

Tba Hnkqbnoxal`ia nod `tu uqhmxd`ontad z`ccnlau inp tbao ha emou`daxad nu emout`tqt`ol tbaoautad utxqetqxa mj ncc`oecqu`za emnc`t`mou/ N vxmvmu`t`mo mj tba vmtaot`nc lnia tbamxp `od`entautbnt `j tba iaihaxu mj uqeb n emnc`t`mo arvaet n jn`x d`utx`hqt`mo mj emmvaxnt`za mqtemia"taebo`enccp nu xavxauaotad hp tba Ubnvcap zncqa d`utx`hqt`mo)# `od`z`dqnccp imt`zntad iaihaxueno net nu `j tbap bnza n emiimo mhgaet`za "Imodaxax nod Ubnvcap >00:; Nmk` 86>8h)/ Tm noartaot tbnt uqeb `u tba enua# tba Tmkqln|n Hnkqbno xal`ia inp ha emou`daxad nu bnz`ol

xavxauaotad n embaxaot `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaot# cand`ol tm t|m bqodxad panxu mj tba VnrTmkqln|n/ Hqt `j tba vxai`ua haemiau vxmhcaint`e# `t haemiau bnxd tm daj`oa n emccaet`za`otaxaut "taebo`enccp# vmtaot`nc lnia eanuau tm ar`ut)/ Nu `oemia d`jjaxaot`nt`mo |`tb`o tba z`ccnla|`daoad# nu cm|axxnokad uniqxn`haenia `ivmzax`ubad hp tba dajcnt`mo mj x`ea vx`eau# nod nuEmiimdmxa Vaxxpu hcnek ub`vu gmctad tba Ubmlqontau vx`inep `o jmxa`lo vmc`ep ink`ol# tbavxai`ua haenia vxmhcaint`e/

5/5 Tba Lmzaxonoea Utxqetqxa mj tba P`)Dponutp nod NqtmomimquUme`nc Emivnetu

Tba pnolhno utntqu `o tba P` Dponutp |nu mx`l`onccp mjjaxad tm tbmua tbnt bnd vnuuad tba`ivax`nc arni`ont`mo uputai u`i`cnx tm ^`ol Eb`on# hqt tbaxa |nu moa `ivmxtnot d`jjaxaoea `otbnt `t |nu baxad`tnxp mzax tbxaa laoaxnt`mou mj mjj`e`nc intx`c`oanc c`oau/ Areavt jmx `oeqihaotlmzaxoiaot mjj`e`ncu uaxz`ol `o tba env`tnc# arpnolhno mjj`e`ncu nod tba`x mjjuvx`ol xau`dad `oxqxnc nxanu# jmxiad tba`x m|o xau`daot`nc ecqutaxu# nod m|oad jnxicnod araivtad jxmi tnrau nodi`c`tnxp nod mtbax uaxz`eau areavt jmx tba i`c`tnxp pnolhno "tba pnolhno c`taxnccp ianou t|mhxnoebau7 e`z`c nod inxt`nc mjj`ea bmcdaxu)/ Tbaua xqxnc pnolhno araxe`uad `ojcqaoea mo cmencndi`o`utxnt`mo# m|oad omh`ncum araivtad jxmi i`c`tnxp uaxz`eau nod vqo`ubnhca nt tba`xm|oaxu m|o d`uexat`monod artxnetad c`zac`bmmdu cmenccp/ Tbqu tbaxa nvvanxad acaiaotu mjd`z`dad vm|ax `o tba vmc`t`enc utnta mj tba P` Dponutp azao `o tba >

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

15/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>5

uqllautad# bm|azax# jxmi tbnt t`ia mo tbaxa |nu n lxndqnc axmu`mo mj vmc`t`enc vm|ax mj tba xqxncpnolhnonu tba aemomip txnou`t`moad tm n vanunothnuad aemomip/ Nt tba unia t`ia# mjjuvx`olmj pnolhnou cm|ax intx`c`oanc xacnt`mou# cmenc ndi`o`utxntmxu# |acctmdm emiimoaxu# nod azaoaromh`utnxtad tm ln`o tba utntqu mj pnolhno tbxmqlb vmc`t`enc dainodu# dmont`mou mj exmvu tmtba eaotxnc lmzaxoiaot# vqxebnu`ol emqotaxja`tad laoancml`au# nod um mo "K`ub`imtm nodI`png`in >002)/ Tbxmqlb tbaua iaebno`uiu# xqxnc pnolhno|nu txnoujmxiad `otm ume`nc utntqu

jxmi n jmxinc vmu`t`mo# aihmdp`ol ~qnu`k`oub`v ume`nc emooaet`mou umia|bnt u`i`cnx tm# hqtcauu jcar`hca nod ecmuad# tbno lqnor``o tba emotaivmxnxp Eb`on/

Nu tba d`jjaxaoeau hat|aao tba pnolhno nod tba emiimoax haenia hcqxxad# vanunotu jxmiznx`ad hneklxmqodu imzad tm jmxi tba`x m|o emmvaxnt`za nuume`nt`mou mx emiiqo`tp emivnetuenccad z`ccnla kpa jmx znx`mqu uvae`j`e vqxvmuau# uqeb nu vmmc`ol env`tnc nod caod`ol `t tmiaihaxu `o xmtnt`mo# autnhc`ub`ol inxx`nla nod hqx`nc jqodu# emm|o`ol c`zautmek# bacv`ol anebmtbax |`tb tba ebnol`ol mj xmmj bntebau# nod um mo/ Nimol tbai# moa mj tba imut `ivmxtnot |nutba `xx`lnt`mo nuume`nt`mo tm emoutxqet nod xqo uinccuenca `xx`lnt`mo uputaiu enccad vmk"I`png`in >028)/ Hqt omxiu xalqcnt`ol tbaua nuume`nt`mou mx emivnetu nvvanxad tm ha imxauvae`j`e "tbno lqnor`) `o tba`x mhgaet`zau nod cauu `oecqu`za "tbno tba Gnvnoaua iaihaxub`vhnuad omxi)/ @o Gnvno# tba embaxaoea mj tba dmin`o nod tba z`ccnla |nu lxmqodad mo tba

uqutn`onh`c`tp mj aneb iaihax bmquabmcd# `obax`t`ol tba tx`jmcd mj jni`cp onia# jni`cp vxmvaxtp"aot`tcaiaot tm ut`vaod mx eqct`znt`ol ucmtu) nod jni`cp meeqvnt`mo/ Tm uqutn`o tba uputai# `t azaohaenia tba equtmi jmx jni`c`au cnek`ol n umo tm ndmvt n omoh`mcml`enc inca eb`cd# mx nccm| nh`mcml`enc dnqlbtax tm haemia ba`xauu/ @o emotxnut# tba jcar`h`c`tp nod mvaooauu mj Kmxano ume`ncemivnetu# nu |acc nu tba hcqxx`ol mj ume`nc utntqu d`jjaxaot`nt`mo nod `oexanu`ol ume`nc imh`c`tpnimol xqxnc jni`c`au# i`lbt bnza laoaxntad no aodmlaomqu vmtaot`nc jmx iqeb imxa jcar`hcajni`c`nc dponi`eu `j mvvmxtqo`t`au nxmua/

@o tba >2tb eaotqxp tba P`dponutp vcnpad no net`za xmca `o aobnoe`ol nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`z`tp/Tba `uuqnoea mj n uax`au mj not`omh` mxd`onoea |nu ncxandp iaot`moad/ @t ncum vxmimtad tbaemoutxqet`mo mj xauaxzm`xu nt tba jmmt mj imqotn`o znccapu tbnt xa~q`xad cnxlauenca cnhmximh`c`wnt`mo/ Tba dponutp ncum vxmz`dad n oat|mxk mj lxnonx`au jmx xad`utx`hqt`mo nod xauaxzaujmx cmnou `o t`ia mj jni`oa/ @o tbnt eaotqxp# tba aemomip haenia xacnt`zacp utnhca nod tba

vmvqcnt`mo lxa| u`da hp u`da |`tb nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`z`tp `oexanua/ Bm|azax# tb`u xacnt`zavxmuvax`tp lnza x`ua tm inuu`za arvcm`tnt`mo mj jmxautu# nu cnod |nu ecanxad jmx eqct`znt`mo nodtxaau |axa eqt jmx t`ihax nod j`xa|mmd tm unt`ujp x`u`ol dainodu jmx jqac nod emoutxqet`mo "Caa86>>)/ Tb`u cand tm uax`mqu aemcml`enc dninla nod n dxnint`e jncc `o nlx`eqctqxnc vxmdqet`z`tp `otba >0tb eaotqxp "a/l/# Xbaa 8664; Gqo# Ca|`u# nod Knol 8662)/ Tba vxmdqet`z`tp daec`oa|ankaoad tba j`uenc nod lmzaxo`ol envne`tp mj tba dponutp/ @otaxonc j`lbtu nod vncnea `otx`lqau|`tb`o nod hat|aao tba dponutp nod vm|axjqc eaotxnc pnolhno jni`c`au# `otaxzaoad hp tbaGnvnoaua# Eb`oaua# nod Xquu`nou# jn`cad tm emoumc`dnta vmtaot`ncu jmx no ar`t jxmi tba Ivbnua/Tba nqtmomimqu uacjlmzaxo`ol kpa inp ha tbmqlbt mj nu aiaxl`ol nu n uqhut`tqta jmx tbadautnh`c`w`ol vmc`t`enc utnta/ No neqta Aolc`ub uebmcnxtxnzacax# @unhaccn H`xd H`ubmv# |bm z`u`tadKmxan nt tba ebnmt`e t`ia mj tba U`omGnvnoaua \nx ">20401) omtad# njtax z`u`t`ol tba Kmxano`ii`lxnot emiiqo`tp `o U`hax`n# tbnt tba uattcaxu tbaxa |axa iqeb imxa vxmdqet`za# imt`zntad#

nod mvao nu tbap |axa jxaa jxmi tba xaotuaak`ol mj tba dponutpu inl`utxntau# xqooaxu# nod tbalxaad mj pnolhno"H`xd >022)/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

16/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>4

5/4 @out`tqt`monc Xanumou jmx tba Cnek mj Aodmlaomqu Dx`z`ol Jmxeajmx tba @odqutx`nc Xazmcqt`mo

@ bnza dauex`had tba hnu`e jantqxau mj utntaomxi emih`ont`mou# a`tbax nu emivcaiaot mxuqhut`tqta# jmx aneb vanunothnuad aemomip `o Anut Nu`n/ Bm| d`d tbaua jantqxau emod`t`mo#

jne`c`tnta nod ebnxnetax`wa vntbu tm `odqutx`nc`wnt`mo= @o tba qo`j`ad nvvxmneb mj aemomi`elxm|tb# tba vntb jxmi tba Ivbnua tm tba imdaxo lxm|tb xal`ia `u xalnxdad nu `otaxiad`ntadhp tba vmutInctbqu`no vbnua/ Nu tba utnta mj oa| `danu vnuuad n tbxaubmcd `o tba Ivbnua# tba`odqutx`nc xazmcqt`mo uat `o |`tb vbpu`enc nod bqino xaumqxeau haemi`ol xanccmentad tm qxhno`odqutx`au/ Tbaxa |nu ncum no `oexanua `o tba |mxk`olnla vmvqcnt`mo hxmqlbt nhmqt hp n daec`oa`o `ojnot imxtnc`tp/ Tb`u `oexanua |nu nhumxhad hp qxhno `odqutx`au/ Tba b`ka `o LDV vax env`tnlxm|tb meenu`moad hp tb`u daimlxnvb`e ub`jt `u xajaxxad tm nu tba daimlxnvb`e d`z`daod mx l`jt/N ecnuu`enc utqdp mj imdaxo aemomi`e lxm|tb hp U`imo Kqwoatu ">010022)/ @o cnta Tmkqln|n Gnvno# emttmo lxm|`ol# uv`oo`ol# nod|anz`ol |axa imutcp vaxjmxiad |`tb`o n bmquabmcd# mx |anz`ol haenia uvae`nc`wad `o xacnt`zacpndznoead nxanu/ Tba vqtt`olmqt uputai d`d omt vxazn`c baxa a`tbax# bm|azax# qot`c tba >226u|bao tba `otxmdqet`mo mj `ivmxtad emttmo pnxo lnza `ivatqu `o tbnt d`xaet`mo "Tno`imtm >002)/Tba dazacmviaot mj dmiaut`e inxkatu xmmtad `o tba vanunothnuad aemomip d`d omt tbqulaoaxnta aodmlaomqu `oeaot`zau jmx tba arvax`iaot nod `otxmdqet`mo mj cnhmxunz`ol taebomcmlp/D`jjaxaot jxmi Aolcnod hajmxa tba dn|o mj @odqutx`nc Xazmcqt`mo "Nccao 8660)# tba qua mj jcar`hcadmiaut`e cnhmx uqvvcp |nu ebanvax tbno cmoltaxi `ozautiaot `o iaebno`wad vxmdqet`moiatbmdu a`tbax hp iaxebnotu mx vanunot jni`c`au/ Aemomi`e cml`e ncmoa eno tbqu arvcn`o tbanhuaoea mj nqtmomimqu `o`t`nt`mo mj tba @odqutx`nc Xazmcqt`mo `o Anut Nu`n/

Tbaxa |axa ncum `out`tqt`monc xanumou jmx `t/ @o ^`ol Eb`on# |bao iaxebnotu haenia |anctbp#tbap `ozautad `o bqino env`tnc tm neb`aza tba utntqu nod vxaut`la mj uebmcnxmjj`e`ncu hp tba`xk`oub`v iaihaxu nod uvaot mo emouv`eqmqu nod eqctqxnc emouqivt`mo/ Tbap `ozautad `o imoapp`acd`ol jnxicnod nod xac`ad mo xaotemccaet`mo nlaot mxlno`wnt`mou xntbax tbno ha`olaotxavxaoaqx`nc tbaiuaczau/ @o Gnvno# tba ontqxa mj tba utnta nu tba oautad utxqetqxa mj ncc`oecqu`za emnc`t`mou# ume`nccp ualxalntad nod xnokad uniqxn`hqxanqexntu jxmi jnxiaxu# nxt`unou#nod iaxebnotu `o tbnt mxdax/ Nctbmqlb iaxebnotu ninuuad |anctb hp iad`nt`ol tbaimoat`wnt`mo mj tnrad x`ea `o e`t`au nod nuume`ntad j`onoe`nc uaxz`eau tm dmin`ou# tba x`l`d utntquuavnxnt`mo vxazaotad nopmoa jxmi emih`o`ol tncaotu jxmi d`jjaxaot ume`mvmc`t`enc xnoku tm ajjaet`odqutx`nc `oomznt`mo/ Xadqodnot cnhmxaxu jxmi xqxnc nxanu |axa uqvvc`ad nu ebanv uaxz`ea cnhmx

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

17/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>1

`o e`t`au# nod tbaxa |nu om `oeaot`za jmx arvcmxnt`mo `otm cnhmxunz`ol taebomcmlp tbaxa a`tbax/Tbqu# |bao \autaxo taebomcmlp nod vxmdqetu mj tba jnetmxp uputai haenia armlaomqucpkom|o nu n vmtaot`nc tbxant tm tba `odavaodaoea mj tba utnta nod tba `otalx`tp mj ume`atp `o AnutNu`n# tba txnoujmxint`mo mj tba vmc`t`enc utnta mj tba vanunothnuad aemomip |nu enccad jmx/ Hqt#bm| nod |bao=

4/ TXNOU@T@MOU TM TBA KQWOATU VBNUA @O ANUT NU@N

J`lqxa @ `ccqutxntau n umia|bnt qo`~qa ebnxnetax`ut`e mj txnou`t`mo jxmi tba Ivbnua tm`odqutx`nc`wnt`mo `o Anut Nu`n/ Tba j`xut hnx jxmi tba cajt jmx aneb aemomip `o tba `ccqutxnt`movxmz`dau no aut`inta mj tba lxm|tb xnta mj xanc LDV vax env`tn `o tba vax`md nvvxmr`intacphat|aao tba dai`ua mj tba xauvaet`za dponutp nod tba hal`oo`ol mj tba Nu`nVne`j`e \nx/ Tbaxntau nxa 8/06! mzax tba vax`md hat|aao >061>046 jmx Gnvno "enceqcntad mo tba hnu`u mj nLDV aut`inta hp Mkn|n nod Xmumzukp >00>>>046 jmx Kmxan "Ebn nod K`i 86>8); nod >/ 8!>/5! mzax tba vax`md hat|aao >0>4->2>05>-5: jmx Eb`on "Xn|uk` >020# Tnhca :/>>)/ Nctbmqlb no mjtaoe`tad aut`inta hp Indd`umo"8665) nttx`hqtau om xanc vax env`tn lxm|tb jmx Eb`on jmx tba unia vax`md# mtbax xaeaot aut`intau

e`ta vmu`t`za lxm|tb xntau "a/l/# Hxnodt >020; Iapax >00>)/ Tbaxajmxa |a inp "nxlqnhcp)emoecqda tbnt tba Anut Nu`no aemomi`au ar`tad jxmi tba Ivbnua mj aemomi`e dazacmviaotnjtax tba dai`ua mj xauvaet`za dponut`au/ Bm|azax# tba xadqet`mo mj tba nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaotubnxa |nu omt oaeauunx`cp `iiad`nta/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

18/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>:

J`lqxa >7 Tba Lxm|tb Xnta mj Xanc LDV vax Env`tn nod `tu Daemivmu`t`mo hpUmqxeau7 Gnvno# Umqtb Kmxan# nod Eb`on

Omta7 Jmx tba iatbmd mj daemivmu`t`mo mj tba xnta mj xanc LDV lxm|tb vax env`tn otm umqxeau# uaa Nmk` "86>8n)7 omta 5/

Umqxeau7 Gnvno# Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan# nod VXE Mjj`e`nc Utnt`ut`enc panxhmmku; Mbkn|n nod Xmumzukp >08# Xn|uk` >020/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

19/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>06/0:5 jmx tba Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan/ Gnvno utand`cpxadqead tba xnta jxmi 25! `o >2228 tm 42! `o >016/ Bm|azax# tba oqihax mjnlx`eqctqxnc bmquabmcdu xain`oad ncimut emoutnot hat|aao >22< nod >046 nt tba cazac mjjmqxtaao i`cc`mou/ Tbaua j`lqxau `od`enta tba xau`c`aoea mj tba vanunothnuad aemomi`au `o AnutNu`n dqx`ol tba un`d vax`mdu/

@odaad# tba tpv`enc Kqwoatu vxmeauu# tbnt `u# vax env`tn `oemia lxm|tb tbxmqlb tba xadqet`mo mj

tba ubnxa mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot# utnxtad tm mvaxnta jmxeajqccp `o tbaua aemomi`au mocp `otba uaemod bncj mj tba cnut eaotqxp/ Bm| `t bnu haao |mxk`ol `u arb`h`tad `o J`lqxa @@# |b`ebd`uvcnpu tba dponi`e vntbu mj emih`ont`mo hat|aao tba ubnxa mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot "tbazaxt`enc nr`u) nod vax env`tn xanc LDV "ianuqxad `o taxiu mj 8662 QU$) jmx Gnvno ">0118662)#tba Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan ">0:5>026)# nod tba VXE ">0268662)/ Qu`ol vxmz`oe`nccazac dntn# tbaVXEu emmxd`ontau jmx tba panx 8662 |axa uavnxntacp d`uvcnpad jmx emnutnc xal`mou "EE7 62)

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

20/29

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

21/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

>0

uniqxn` arecqdad jxmi tba aiaxlaot vm|ax utxqetqxa xazmctad `o >28#666 c`zau/ Moa mj ingmx dx`z`ol jmxeau mj Gnvnou`ivax`nc nllxauu`mo tm tba Kmxano Vao`ouqcn |nu tm l`za no mqtcat jmx xavxauuad uniqxn`uaot`iaotu "Hnoom 86>8)/

Tba eaotxnc lmzaxoiaot daexaad tbnt tba m|oaxub`v mj jnxicnod ha xal`utaxad nt tba ont`monc

xal`utxp# nod nop d`uvqta mzax vxmvaxtp x`lbtu nod hxanebau mj emotxnetu ha uattcad hp tba emqxtuneemxd`ol tm cn|/ @o c`aq mj tba z`ccnla emotxnet`ol uputai# jnxicnod tnrnt`mo |nu j`rad `oimoatnxp taxiu nod `ivmuad mo `od`z`dqnc cnodm|oaxu hp tba eaotxnc lmzaxoiaot/ @o uv`ta mjtba uqhutnot`za txnoujmxint`mo mj cnod m|oaxub`v xqcau# omxiu xalqcnt`ol ume`maemomi`exacnt`mou `o tba z`ccnla vxmzad tm ha xau`c`aot/ Jnxiaxu mj uincc cnodbmcd`olu |axa uqhgaetad tm nj`rad xnta mj cnod tnr nod uqjjaxad jxmi dajcnt`monxp vxauuqxau `o tba anxcp >226u# nod inop|axa jmxead `otm taonoep/ Tba vxmvmxt`mo mj taonoep cnodu `oexanuad jxmi 8656! `o tba >226utm imxa tbno 46! `o tba >206u/ Bm|azax# nu ncxandp omtad# tba oqihax `o nlx`eqctqxncaivcmpiaot xain`oad ncimut tba unia `o tba txnou`t`monc vax`md# xajcaet`ol tba emot`oqadvxnet`ea mj vx`imlao`tqxa nod tba vxauuqxa mj tba ume`nc omxi mj iaihaxub`v dqt`au jmx tnr nodxaot vnpiaotu/ Bnpnub` nod Vxauemtt ">022) aut`inta tbnt |`tbmqt tb`u `out`tqt`monc hnxx`ax#Gnvnou vxa|nx LOV vax |mxkax |mqcd bnza haao nt canut bncj tbnt mj tba Qo`tad Utntau# omt

nxmqod n tb`xd nu vax tba dntn/ Bm|azax# `t `u omt `iiad`ntacp ecanx bm| tba xaimznc mj uqeb`out`tqt`monc emoutxn`otu emqcd bnza haao vmuu`hca `o vxnet`ea/1

4/8 Kmxan7 Dazacmviaot qodax tba Emcmo`nc Utnta

Tbqu# n ecanx txnou`t`mo tm tba Kvbnua# tbnt `u# tba uqhutnot`nc xadqet`mo mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot# bnd tm |n`t jmx tba uaeqx`tpmj cnodm|oaxub`v hp tba jnxi`ol bmquabmcd xanc`wad hp tba vmutUaemod \mxcd \nx cnod xajmxi/Tba oa| laoaxnt`mo mj jnxi bmquabmcdu tbao utnxtad tm canza tba xqxnc cnoduenva hab`od nod

gm`oad emxvmxnta mxlno`wnt`mou njtax tba`x uebmmc`ol/ Nu `u |acc kom|o# tba iaihaxub`vhnuadomxi |nu tbao txnouvcnotad `otm tba oa| emxvmxnta |mxk aoz`xmoiaot "Nmk` >022)/

Gnvnoaua `ivax`nc vm|ax emcmo`wad Kmxan `o >0>6 hp tnk`ol ndznotnla mj tba |ankaoad xqca mjtba P` Dponutp/ Nu ncxandp iaot`moad# Ebn nod K`i "86>8) aut`inta nllxalnta mqtvqt lxm|tb

jxmi >0>>46 |nu 5//55! `ivc`auvax env`tn mqtvqt lxm|tb mj 8/5006) xalnxdu tba emoutxqet`mo mj`ojxnutxqetqxa uqeb nu vqhc`e vx`inxp uebmmcu# vqhc`e banctb uputaiu# xn`c|npu# bpdxmacaetx`e nod`xx`lnt`mo vxmgaetu nu emotx`hqt`ol jnetmxu/ I`png`in ">026) arni`oad tba vxmdqet`z`tp ajjaetu mjtba `xx`lnt`mo uputai dazacmviaot vxmimtad hp tba emcmo`nc lmzaxoiaot/ Ba jmqod tbnt tba imutajjaet`za uputai dazacmvad `o tba nxan |baxa tba txnd`t`monc `xx`lnt`mo nuume`nt`mou bnd haaonet`za u`oea tba cnta P` dponutp# |baxanu tba `xx`lnt`mo nuume`nt`mou jmqodad neemxd`ol tm tbacalnc ut`vqcnt`mou mj tba emcmo`nc lmzaxoiaot nod `oecqd`ol oa| Gnvnoaua cnodcmxdu bnd mocp n

c`i`tad uqeeauu/ Tb`u uqllautu tbnt `t `u omt gqut lmzaxoiaot vmc`ep tbnt emqcd ha ajjaet`za `onlxnx`no dazacmviaot# hqt `tu emivcaiaotnx`tp |`tb vmtaot`ncu mj aodmlaomqu dazacmviaot `otba xqxnc nxan/

Njtax tba c`haxnt`mo jxmi Gnvnou emcmo`nc xqca# bm|azax# n cnxla vxmvmxt`mo mj vbpu`enc`ojxnutxqetqxa hq`ct `o tba emcmo`nc vax`md |nu cajt `o tba taxx`tmxp mj Omxtb Kmxan mx dninlad `o

1Mo tba mtbax bnod# Lntt` at nc/ "86>8) nxlqa tbnt n ingmx enqua mj tba Lxant Davxauu`mo `o tba Qo`tad Utntau `o>08055 |nu omt j`onoe`nc# hqt tba dataxxaoea mj tba xadqet`mo mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot tbnt bnd haao indaxadqodnot hp txaiaodmqu taebomcml`enc vxmlxauu `o nlx`eqctqxa `o tba i`d>086u/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

22/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

86

tba Kmxano \nx/ Env`tnc `ozautiaot hp tba Gnvnoaua haenia |mxtbcauu mx |`tbdxn|o/Neemxd`ol tm Indd`umo "8665)# tba cazac mj xanc LDV `o tba Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan dxnint`enccp jacc tm0>> nt tba aod mj tba emcmo`nc utnta# nod `t |nu nhca tm uqxvnuu tba >0>>cazac mocp `o >01815/ Bm|azax# tba xacnt`zacp b`lb imh`c`tp mj tba pmqtb vmvqcnt`mo `o tbaemcmo`nc vax`md i`lbt bnza um|o tba uaadu mj aotxavxaoaqxub`v nod bqino env`tnc `ozautiaottbnt bnd omt haao vmuu`hca dqx`ol tba vanunothnuad aemomip/ No anxoaut uacjdx`za jmx

`odqutx`nc`wnt`mo qodax tba dazacmviaotnc utnta halno `o tba i`d:6u nod emot`oqad qv tm tbacnta >026u# neeacaxnt`ol tba Kvxmeauu/ Jmx n lniatbamxat`e noncpu`u mj tba ontqxa mj tbadazacmviaotnc utnta Kmxanoutpca# uaa Nmk` 866>7 >:0>0>8# vx`znta jnetmx`au utnxtad tm uvx`ol qv `o qxhnonxanu c`ka Ubnolbn` |`tb tba ndznoead xqxnc Pnoltwa dactn nu `tu xqxnc b`otaxcnod/ Xn|uk` ">020)aut`intau tbnt lxmuu `odqutx`nc mqtvqt lxa| hp no nzaxnla mj 2/>! dqx`ol tba panxu hat|aao>0>8 nod >05:/ Dauv`ta tba `ivmxtnoea mj jmxa`lo `ozautiaot `o Ubnolbn` nod omxtbanutaxovxmz`oeau "Inoebqx`n)# Eb`oauam|oad emivno`au vxmdqead n ~qnxtax mj Eb`onu >055 jnetmxpmqtvqt/ Tba LDV ubnxa mj imdaxo `odqutxp ut`cc xain`oad uincc dqx`ol tba jmqx daendau mj tba

xavqhc`eno nod ont`monc`ut vax`mdu# nu tba `o`t`nc hnua mj lxm|tb |nu zaxp cm|/ Neemxd`ol tmVaxk`ou aut`inta# tba LDV ubnxa mj imdaxo `odqutx`nc mqtvqt xain`oad nt 055# |b`cavxaimdaxo inoqjnetqx`olu ubnxa |nu >8/4! "Vaxk`ou >0025)/Hqt Ont`monc`ut lmzaxoiaot emotxmc d`d omt artaod tm xqxnc nxanu `o uqeb n |np nu tm imh`c`wauqxvcqu xaumqxeau jxmi tbaxa jmx `odqutx`nc neeqiqcnt`mo/ Tba Ont`monc`ut lmzaxoiaot p`acdad tbacnod tnr tm vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu jxmi tba t`ia mj `tu `oeavt`mo haenqua mj tba`x |ank vmu`t`mo`o tba dalaoaxnt`ol `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta/ Tba vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu tbao uqhemotxnetad cnodtnr emccaet`mo tm emqotp eb`aju |bmua vmu`t`mou |axa meeqv`ad hp arlaotxp mx oa| xqxnc ac`tau|bm bnd lqnor` |`tb i`c`tnxp ac`tau `o tba vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu/ Njtax jqcj`cc`ol oalmt`ntademotxnetqnc mhc`lnt`mou tm tba vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu# tba emqotp eb`aju |axa nhca tm ecn`i tbaxau`dqa mj tba emccaetad tnrau# |b`eb imt`zntad tbai tm u~qaawa tba ubnxa mj cnodm|oaxu xaotu`oecqd`ol tbmua jmx tba uincc cnodbmcdaxu hp cnxla arvaod`tqxau mo vmc`ea jmxeau "a/l/# Bqnol>024)

Oaadcauu tm unp# `t |nu tba Emiiqo`ut xazmcqt`mo tbnt j`onccp xautmxad tba qo`j`ad eaotxnc

lmzaxoiaot# hqt |`tb no artxaia jmxi mj tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utxqetqxa/ Tba jmxint`mo mjVamvcau Emiiqoau `o tba cnta >016u exantad d`xaet aemomi`e xacnt`moub`vu hat|aao tbaEmiiqo`ut lmzaxoiaot nod >86 i`cc`mo xqxnc bmquabmcdu |`tb om vx`znta `otaxiad`nta emxvmxntahmd`au/ Tba vanunot jni`c`au tbaiuaczau |axa jmxe`hcp `oemxvmxntad `otm tba VamvcauEmiiqoau nod vcnead qodax tba d`xaet emotxmc mj tba lmzaxoiaot nt tba arvaoua mj tbatxnd`t`monc eqctqxa mj vx`znta emotxnet`ol/ @t haenia `ccalnc jmx tbai tm imza tm e`t`au mo tba`x m|o`o`t`nt`za/ Tba Emiiqo`ut lmzaxoiaot tbqu nttaivtad tm `odqutx`nc`wa |`tbmqt xacp`ol mo tba Kjnetmx/ Tba vanunotu |axa imh`c`wad tbxmqlb tba Lxant Canv Jmx|nxd enivn`lo ">012:6) jmxno ndzaotqxmqu nttaivt tm `odqutx`nc`wa hp tba`x m|o vbpu`enc ajjmxtu# |b`eb xauqctad `o tba txnl`e

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

23/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

8>

cmuu mj tb`xtp tm j`jtp i`cc`mo bqino c`zau "D`kttax 86>>)/Tba lmzaxoiaot tbao `ivmuad d`xaetnlx`eqctqxnc tnrnt`mo nod utntaimomvmcp vxmeqxaiaotu mo tba Emiiqoau# nod `ozautad jmxeadxqxnc uqxvcquau `o utntam|oad aotaxvx`uau `o tba jmxi mj d`xaet uqhu`d`au nod vx`ea emotxmcu/Qodax tb`u jmxeajqc `odqutx`nc neeqiqcnt`mo `o tba >000026u/ Tbacmenc `o`t`nt`zau hnuad mo `oecqu`za lqonr` |`tb`o tba z`ccnla nod tba xatqxo tm tba vxnet`ea mjvx`znta emotxnet`ol emivcaiaotad aneb mtbax jmx tba TZAu tm aiaxla# qubax`ol `o tba Kvbnua

cnEb`on/ Tba uacjinonlad TZAu hp emqotp nod z`ccnla lmzaxoiaotu `o tba >026u jqoet`moadnu no ajjaet`za unjalqnxd nln`out vmuu`hca vxadntmxp habnz`mx hp b`lbax lmzaxoiaotu `oemccqu`mo |`tb `oajj`e`aot utntam|oad aotaxvx`uau "Eba nod ^`no >002)/

1/ EMOECQU@MOU NOD JQXTBAX VXMUVAETU

@ halno tb`u auunp |`tb n ebnxnetax`wnt`mo mj tba ^`ol Dponutp mj Eb`on# Tmkqln|n Gnvno# nodtba P` Dponutp mj Kmxan nu vanunothnuad aemomi`au/ Tbao# jmccm|`ol tba aodmlaomqu z`a| mj`out`tqt`mou @ dazacmvad acua|baxa# @ tx`ad tm artxnet hnu`e `out`tqt`monc jantqxau tbnt emazmczadnod uqutn`oad tbaiuaczau `o tba xauvaet`za aemomi`au/ Qodaxcp`ol c`olq`ut`e arvxauu`mou uqebnu tba Emojqe`no imxnc vx`oe`vcau mj j`c`nc v`atp# ecnou nod lqnor`# ate/#|nu tba daav utxqetqxa mj`out`tqt`mou `o ^`ol Eb`on ebnxnetax`wad hp tba `otaxvaoatxnt`za utnta nod tba eqctqxa mj vx`zntaemotxnet`oljantqxau tbnt emivcaiaotad mx uqhut`tqtad jmx aneb mtbax# davaod`ol mo tba tpvamj ume`ncarebnola/ @o tba unia za`o# @ bnza dauex`had tba daav `out`tqt`monc utxqetqxa mj Gnvno`o tba Tmkqln|n axn nu tba oautad utxqetqxa mj ncc`oecqu`za emnc`t`mou# |`tb aneb mj `tuemivmoaotu embax`ol hp tba ubnx`ol mj tba omxiu mj iaihaxub`vhnuad txqut nod emivc`noea/Tba `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaot mj tba P` Dponutp mj Kmxan |nu ebnxnetax`wad nu tba aiaxlaotuqhut`tqt`mo mj jcar`hca# nqtmomimqu ume`nc emivnetu nt tba lxnuuxmmtu cazac jmx tba d`z`dadvm|ax utxqetqxa hat|aao tba Dponutp nod tba xqxnc pnolhno/

Tba vanunot aemomi`au |axa uqutn`oad mo emivnxnt`zacp ebanvax cnhmx emutu# |b`eb tmlatbax|`tb tba neemivnop`ol `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu d`d omt aodmlaomqucp laoaxnta nqtmomimquarvax`iaotnt`mo nod tba `otxmdqet`mo mj cnhmxunz`ol taebomcmlp/ Tb`u |nu `o emotxnut tm tbavmu`t`mo `o Aolcnod nt tba t`ia# |baxa x`u`ol cnhmx emutu `o emivnx`umo tm aoaxlp emutu uaxzad

nu tba `ivatqu jmx arvcmxnt`mo `otm cnhmxunz`ol taebomcmlp# azaotqnccp cand`ol tm tba @odqutx`ncXazmcqt`mo "Nccao 8660)/ @ tbqu uqhi`t tbnt tba ontqxa mj tba vanunothnuad aemomip nod tbnt mjnuume`ntad `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu |axa tba ingmx enquau mj tba umenccad LxantD`zaxlaoea "Vmiaxaotw 8666) mo tba u`da mj Anut Nu`n/ Tbaua jnetmxu ncum dataxxad tbauvmotnoamqu nod nqtmomimqu xadqet`mo mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot ubnxa ebnxnetax`wad nu tba~qnot`tnt`za jantqxa mj imdaxo aemomi`e lxm|tb hp Kqwoatu/ Tba vxmeauu "tba Kvbnua) emqcdomt ha `odqead hp aoc`lbtaoad lmzaxoiaot vmc`ep# hqt iqut bnza haao vxaeadad-neemivno`adhp tba txnoujmxint`mo mj vmc`t`enc utntau `o n vntbdavaodaot inooax/ @ d`uequuad bm| tba ontqxa

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

24/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

88

mj tba xauvaet`za vmc`t`enc utntau `o tba Inctbqu`novbnua "tba Ivbnua) emod`t`moad tb`utxnou`t`mo `o aneb aemomip7 `tu t`i`ol# dqxnt`mo# nod `out`tqt`monc jmxiu/

Nu J`lqxau @ nod @@ ecanxcp uqllaut# tba Kvbnua enia tm no aod hp tba cnta >0:6u `o Gnvno nodhp tba cnta >026u `o tba Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan/ @t `u nxlqnhcp nhmqt tm aod `o tba VXE mx bnu aodad`o bax ndznoead emnutnc xal`mou# nctbmqlb tba Kqwoatu vxmeauu |`cc kaav lm`ol `o `ocnod xal`mou

jmx tba t`ia oaadad jmx tba laoaxnt`monc ebnola mj xqxnc jni`c`au ncxandp qodax|np/

:

Tbauqeeaad`ol vbnua mj tba dazacmviaot inp ha ebnxnetax`wad nu vax env`tn `oemia lxm|tbvx`inx`cp dx`zao hp `ivxmzaiaotu `o vax |mxkax mqtvqt `o tba uaemodnxp nod taxt`nxp `odqutx`auhnuad mo bqino env`tnc neeqiqcnt`mo nod TJV lxm|tb `o tba emotart mj tba emxvmxntaaemomiptba vbnua tbnt inp ha xajaxxad tm nu tba Evbnua/ @o nuume`nt`mo |`tb tb`u vbnua#umia acaiaotu mj vntbdavaodaot txnoujmxint`mo mj `out`tqt`mou nxa hmqod tm meeqx/ @o tbabapdnp mj tba Evbnua `o Gnvno dqx`ol tba >08) xajaxtm nu tba Ca|`u`no tqxo`ol vm`ot# jmccm|`ol tba lxm|tb tbamxp mj qoc`i`tad cnhmx uqvvcp dqa tm Ca|`u ">014)/ Bm|azax#`o ip z`a|# tba cnttax ebnxnetax`wnt`mo `u umia|bnt i`ucand`ol `o n hxmndax vaxuvaet`za/ Nu J`lqxau @ nod @@ tmlatbaxubm|# b`lb vax env`tn `oemia lxm|tb eno ha laoaxntad hp tba xadqet`mo mj nlx`eqctqxnc aivcmpiaot ubnxa qv tm neaxtn`o tbxaubmcd vm`ot "unp# nhmqt 86! nu `o tba enua mj Gnvno nod tba Xavqhc`e mj Kmxan)/ @t `u eaxtn`ocp txqa tbnt qvtm tbnt vm`ot `odqutx`nc |nlau mjjaxad inp ha x`u`ol mocp nt n imdaxnta xnta/ Bm|azax# `t dmau omt oaeauunx`cp ianotbnt `t `u kavt nt n uqhu`utaoea cazac tbnt xqxnc nlaotu neeavt |`tbmqt nop aemomi`e enceqcnt`mo/ Tba vanunot jni`cp `u nxnt`monc nlaot |b`eb d`z`dau `tu t`ia hat|aao znx`mqu net`z`t`au# azao `o tba Ivbnua# nod xain`ou um |bao

aivcmpiaot mvvmxtqo`t`au nxa mvao tm tbai `o tba Kvbnua/ Tbqu# azao `o tb`u vbnua# |nlau nxa dataxi`oad hpinxkat jmxeau# qocauu tbaxa `u imzaiaot mqt mj nlx`eqctqxa emotxmccad hp vmc`t`enc jmxeau# nu dqx`ol tba Lxant CanvJmx|nxd enivn`lo/ Jmx no anxc`ax oamecnuu`enc noncpu`u mj tba dqnc inxkat# nu mvvmuad tm tba Ca|`u`no z`a|# uaaGmxlaoumo ">0::)/

Tba mtbax `u tba da jnetmvaoatxnt`mo mj vx`znta `otaxautu `otm umia nuvaetu mj vxmz`oe`nc nod emqotp lmzaxoiaot/ @o tbavnut t|m daendau tbaxa bnu haao n vmc`ep imzaiaot tm|nxdu tba eaotxnc`wnt`mo mj tnr emccaet`mo`o mxdax tm emotxmc tba d`jjqu`za taodaoep mj xal`monc lmzaxoiaotu `obaxaot `o tba `otaxvaoatxnt`zautnta utxqetqxa `o laoaxnc/ Bm|azax# tba vxmz`u`mo mj |acjnxa# adqent`mo nod banctb uaxz`eau nxatba emout`tqt`monc xauvmou`h`c`t`au mj vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu/ Emivat`t`mo nimol vxmz`oe`nclmzaxoiaotu `o emotx`hqt`mo tm LDV lxm|tb vxmz`dau tbai |`tb no ndd`t`monc j`uenc hqxdao/Tbqu# vxmz`oe`nc lmzaxoiaotu emia tm xacp omt mocp mo oalmt`nhca uqhu`d`au jxmi eaotxnc

lmzaxoiaotu hqt ncum mo mjjhncnoeaubaat xazaoqau `o tba jmxi mj dazacmviaot uqxvcquau/ Tb`u`u oat xazaoqa tbnt vxmz`oe`nc nod emqotp lmzaxoiaotu eno dax`za hp net`ol nu imomvumo`eeqiimomvmc`ut`e `otaxiad`nx`au txnoujmxi`ol emccaet`zacp m|oad jnxicnod jmx vx`zntacp xqoemiiaxe`nc nod xau`daot`nc quau/ Tba vxazncaoea mj tb`u vxnet`ea omt mocp neeacaxntau `ojcnt`mo `o

5) d`uequu bm| tba calne`au mj tba iaihaxub`vhnuad omxi nod tbaemnc`t`monc utxqetqxa mj tba utnta nxa ut`cc nc`za `o tba emotart mj eqxxaot emxvmxnta nod xalqcntmxp jxnia|mxku `oGnvno nod bm| tbap i`lbt bnza haao xauvmou`hca jmx umia nuvaetu mj tba Jqkqub`in oqecanx d`unutax `o Inxeb86>>/

2^qnolq` Env`tnc`ui `u emozaot`monccp txnoucntad nu exmop env`tnc`ui/ @o ip z`a|# tb`u dmau omt envtqxa tba oqnoeamj tba Eb`oaua arvxauu`mo/ C`taxnccp# `t emoomtau tba env`tnc`ui mj# hp# nod jmx tba vm|axjqc nod omhca-x`eb/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

25/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

85

xanc autnta vx`e`ol# hqt ncum exantau mvvmxtqo`t`au jmx tba imxnccp bnwnxdmqu habnz`mx mj umiaemxxqvt cmenc lmzaxoiaot mjj`e`ncu# |b`ca bqxt`ol d`undznotnlad xqxnc xau`daotu cnek`ol uaeqxavxmvaxtp x`lbtu `o jnxicnod/

Tba j`uenc vxmhcai gqut iaot`moad `o tba VXE inp ha emou`daxad nu bnz`ol no nuvaet mj tbaemiimo ebnccaola tbnt ncc Anut Nu`no aemomi`au nxa om| jne`ol/ Tbnt `u# nl`ol mj tba`x

vmvqcnt`mou/ @t `u omt ecanx `j `out`tqt`monc nxxnolaiaotu tbnt bnza ndnvtad tm tba vnttaxou mjaemomi`edaimlxnvb`e znx`nhcau `o tba Evbnua eno ut`cc iaat tb`u oa| ebnccaola/ @j omt#`out`tqt`monc ndnvtnt`mou |`cc haemia `oaz`tnhca jmx aneb Anut Nu`no aemomip `o tba`x m|oxauvaet`za vntbdavaodaot inooax "Nmk` 86>8)/ Nctbmqlb `t `u hapmod tba uemva mj tb`u auunp# `t`u bmvad tbnt tb`u auunp bnu vxmz`dad jmmd jmx tbmqlbt mo tb`u `uuqa/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

26/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

84

XAJAXAOEAU

Nccao# X/ 8660/ Tba Hx`t`ub @odqutx`nc Xazmcqt`mo `o Lcmhnc Vaxuvaet`za/ Mrjmxd7 Mrjmxd Qo`zaxu`tpVxauu/

Nmk`# I/ >022/ @ojmxint`mo# @oeaot`zau nod Hnxln`o`ol `o tba Gnvnoaua Aemomip/Enihx`dla-Oa| Pmxk7 Enihx`dla Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Nmk`# I/ 866>/ Tm|nxd n Emivnxnt`za @out`tqt`monc Noncpu`u/ Enihx`dla# IN7 I@T Vxauu/

Nmk`# I/ 86>6/ Emxvmxnt`mou `o Azmcz`ol D`zaxu`tp7 Emlo`t`mo# Lmzaxonoea# nod @out`tqt`mou/Mrjmxd7 Mrjmxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Nmk`# I/ 86>>/ @out`tqt`mou nu Emlo`t`za Iad`n hat|aao Utxntal`e @otaxnet`mou nod @od`z`dqncHac`aju/ Gmqxonc mj Aemomi`e Habnz`mx nod Mxlno`wnt`mo8n/ Tba J`za Vbnuau mj Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot nod @out`tqt`monc Azmcqt`mo `o Eb`on#Gnvno nod Kmxan/ @o @out`tqt`mou nod Emivnxnt`za Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot# ad`tad hp I/Nmk`# T/ Kqxno# nod L/ Xmcnod/ @AN Emojaxaoea Zmcqia Om/ >16@7 >548h/ N Ubnvcap Zncqa Vnxnhca mj Emxvmxnt`mou nu Azmcqt`za Uputaiu mj Nuume`nt`moncEmlo`t`mo/ @o Emivcar`tp nod @out`tqt`mou7 Inxkatu# Omxiu nod Emxvmxnt`mou# ad`tad hp I/Nmk`# K/ H`oimxa# B/ L`ot`u# nod U/ Dank`o/ @AN Emojaxaoea Zmcqia >16@@7 >1>>5/ N Emivnxnt`za @out`tqt`monc Noncpu`u mj tba Jqkqub`in OqecanxD`unutax7 Cauumou nod Vmc`ep @ivc`ent`mou/ Gmqxonc mjAoaxlp Vmc`ep7 jmxtbemi`ol/

Nxnk`# I// >010/ "Tba Autnhc`ubiaot nod Utxqetqxa mj tbaUme`atp qodax tba HnkqBno Xal`ia)/Tmkpm 7 Mebnomi`wq Ubmhm/

Hnkax# B/ D/ X/ >08/ "Tba B`utmxp mj Imdaxo Gnvno)/ Tmkpm7 Eb`kqin Ub`oubm/

Hnoom# G/# nod K/ Mbom/ 86>6#>212>22> "Tba Ia`g` Xautmxnt`mo#

>212>22>)/ Tmkpm7 Kmdnoubn/

Haxino# B/ G/ >025/ Cn| nod Xazmcqt`mo7 Tba Jmqodnt`mo mj tba \autaxo Calnc Txnd`t`mo/Enihx`dla# IN7 Bnxznxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

H`xd H`ubmv# @/ >202/ Kmxan nod Bax Oa`lbhmqxu/ Cmodmo7 Jcai`ol B/ Xazacc Em/

Hxnodt# C/ >020/ Emiiaxe`nc`wnt`mo nod Nlx`eqctqxnc Dazacmviaot7 Eaotxnc nod Anutaxo Eb`on>2058/ \bao Daimlxnvb`e D`z`daod D`unvvanxu7 Lxm|tb Uqutn`onh`c`tp mj

Eb`on# `o Tba Eb`oaua Aemomip `o n Oa| Txnou`t`mo# ad`tad hp I/ Nmk` nod G/ \q/ @ANEmojaxaoea Zmcqia Om/ >16@Z7 / Hnu`olutmka7 Vnclxnza Inei`ccno/

Ebn# I/U/ 8666/ Tba Emcmo`nc Mx`l`ou mj Kmxanu Inxkat Aemomip/ @o Nu`n Vne`j`e Dponi`ui7>1168666# ad`tad hp N/G/B/ Cntbni nod B/ Kn|nkntuq/Cmodmo7 Xmqtcadla/

Ebn# I/U/# nod O/O/ K`i/ 86>8/ Kmxanu J`xut @odqutx`nc Xazmcqt`mo/ Arvcmxnt`mou `o Aemomi`eB`utmxp407 :6

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

27/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

81

Eba# G/# nod P/ ^`no/ >002/ @ouaeqxa Vxmvaxtp X`lbtu nod Lmzaxoiaot M|oaxub`v mj J`xiu#^qnxtaxcp Gmqxonc mj Aemomi`eu>>57 4:>/ Inmu Lxant Jni`oa7 Tba B`utmxp mj Eb`onu Imut Daznutnt`ol Entnutxmvba#>012>0:8/ Oa| Pmxk7 \nckax * Emivnop/

Anutino# C/ A/ >022/ Jni`cp# J`acdu# nod Noeautmxu7 Emoutnoep nod Ebnola `o Eb`onu Ume`nc

nod Aemomi`e B`utmxp# >116>040/ Mrjmxd7 Mrjmxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Acc`ekumo# X/E/ 86>>/ Tba Emutu mj Emivcar T`tcau7 T|m Arnivcau jxmi Eb`on/ Xauanxeb VnvaxOm 44>/ Pnca Qo`zaxu`tp7 Gmbo I/ Mbc`o Eaotax jmx Utqd`au `o Cn|# Aemomi`eu# nodVqhc`e Vmc`ep/

Acz`o# I/ >07 4>048012/ Eb`onu Anxcp @odqutx`nc`wnt`mo7 Ubaol Buqnobqn` ">244>0>:) nodInodnx`o Aotaxvx`ua/ Enihx`dla# IN7 Bnxznxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Jaqax|axkax# N/ >026->011/ Tba Eb`oaua Aemomip# >2040/ Noo Nxhmx# I@7 I`eb`lnoQo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Jxaadino# I/ >0014/ "Tba B`utmxp mj Nlx`eqctqxnc Taebomcmlp `o Gnvno)/Tmkpm7 G`ebmupn/

Lncmx# M/ 86>>/ Qo`j`ad Lxm|tb Tbamxp/ Vx`oeatmo# OG7 Vx`oeatmo Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Lntt`# D/# I/ Lnccalntt`# H/ Lxaao|ncd# N/ Xquum# nod G/ A/ Ut`lc`tw/ 86>8/ Uaetmxnc @ihncnoeaunod CmolXqo Ex`u`u/ @o Tba Lcmhnc Inexm Aemomip nod J`onoea# ad`tad hp J/ Nccao# I/Nmk`# G/V/ J`tmquu`# X/ Lmxdmo nod G/ A/ Ut`lc`tw/ @AN Emojaxaoea Zmcqia Om/ >16@@@7 :>0861>8>025/ Tba Iptb mj Vx`imlao`tqxa nod @ivnxt`hca @obax`tnoea `o Tmkqln|n Gnvno/Gmqxonc mj Jni`cp B`utmxp27 >580/

Bnpni`# N/ / 8660/ "B`utmx`enc Daimlxnvbp mj Anxcp Imdaxo Gnvno)/Tmkpm7 Jqg`|nxn Vqhc`ub`ol Em/

Bnpnub`# J/# nod A/ Vxauemtt/ 8662/ Tba Davxauu`ol Ajjaet mj Nlx`eqctqxnc @out`tqt`mou mo tbaVxa|nx Gnvnoaua Aemomip/ Gmqxonc mj Vmc`t`enc Aemomip>>:7 1021/ Tba Vanunothnuad aemomip nod Ume`nc Ebnola `o Omxtb Eb`on/Utnojmxd# EN7 Utnojmxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Bqol# BJ/ 86>>/ Vxmtaut |`tb Eb`oaua Ebnxnetax`ut`eu7 Daimoutxnt`mou# X`mtu# nod Vat`t`mou `otba I`d^`ol Dponutp/ Oa| Pmxk7 Emcqih`n Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

28/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

8:

@wqin# K/# D/O/ Un`tm# nod O/ Undntm/ Vxmeauu`ol mj Ume`nc nod Imoatnxp Xa|nxdu `o tbaBqino Utx`ntqi/ Oaqxmo127 824804/

Gmxlaoumo# D/ >0::/ Tba Dazacmviaot mj n Dqnc Aemomip/ Aemomi`e Gmqxonc7 560554/

Gqo# UB/# H/ Ca|`u# nod BX/ Knol/ 8662/ Kmxano Arvnou`mo nod Daec`oa jxmi tbaUazaotaaotb tm tba O`oataaotb Eaotqxp7 N Z`a| Uqllautad hp Ndni Ui`tb/ Gmqxonc mj

Aemomi`e B`utmxp:27 844828/

K`ub`imtm# I/# nod B/ I`png`in/ / >002/ "Tba Vax`mdu mjI`ol^`ol nod C`Dponutp)/ Tmkpm7 Ebqmkmxmoubn/

Kqwoatu# U/ >01>6/

K|mo# T/ B/ >00::/ Uamqc7 Uamqc Ont`monc Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Ca|`u# \/ N/ >014/ Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot |`tb Qoc`i`tad Uqvvc`au mj Cnhmx/ InoebautaxUebmmc887 >50>0>/

C`# H// 86>8/"\bp Dmau tba

Tbamxp mj tba Lxant D`zaxlaoea Inttax=Tnk`ol tba Enua mj tba Utqdp mj Aemomi`eB`utmxp mj tba Pnoltwa Dactn)/ Vnvax xand nt no `otaxont`monc emojaxaoea mo Tba LxantD`zaxlaoea njtax Tao Panxu mj Dahnta# bacd nt Tu`olbqn Qo`zaxu`tp# Ha`g`ol/

Cmol# D// 86>8/"Ink`ol Cnod

Vxmvaxtp X`lbtu tba Eaotxnc Xaumqxea Nccment`mo Nxxnolaiaotu7 tba Cnod Txnounet`moUputai `o VxaImdaxo Eb`on)/Vnvax xand nt no `otaxont`monc emojaxaoea mo Tba LxantD`zaxlaoea njtax Tao Panxu mj Dahnta# bacd nt Tu`olbqn Qo`zaxu`tp# Ha`g`ol/

In# D/ 86>8/ Vmc`t`enc @out`tqt`mou nod Cmol Xqo Aemomi`e Txngaetmxp7 Umia cauumou jxmi t|mI`ccaoo`n mj Eb`oaua E`z`c`wnt`mo/ @o @out`tqt`mou nod Emivnxnt`za Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot#ad`tad hp I/ Nmk`# T/ Kqxno# nod L/ Xmcnod/ Hnu`olutmka7 Vnclxnza Inei`ccno/

Indd`umo# N/ 8665/ Tba \mxcd Aemomip/ Zmc/ >7 N I`ccaoo`nc Vaxuvaet`zanod Zmc/ 87 B`utmx`encUtnt`ut`eu/ Vnx`u7 MAED Vqhc`ub`ol/

Ipaxu# X/ >00>/ Bm| D`d tba Imdaxo Eb`oaua Aemomip Dazacmv=N Xaz`a| Nxt`eca/ Gmqxoncmj Nu`no Utqd`au167 :64:82

I`png`in# B/ />028/"Nlxnx`no @xx`lnt`mo `o tba Cnta P` Dponutp)#

"Nu`no B`utmxp Utqd`au)4>7 :41:01/

Imodaxax# D/# nod C/U/ Ubnvcap/ >00:/ Vmtaot`nc lniau/ Lniau nod Aemomi`e Habnz`mx>47>84>45/

Imotnlqa# V/ X/# nod L/ U/ Haxou/ 8668/ Oaqxnc Aemomi`eu nod tba H`mcml`enc Uqhutxntau mjAzncqnt`mo/ Oaqxmo5:7 8:1824/

Iqxnintuq# P/ / >0

7/30/2019 Historical Sources of Institutional Trajectories in Economic Development: China, Japan, and Korea Compared

29/29

NDH@ \mxk`ol Vnvax 50< Nmk`

Vaxk`ou# D/ B/ >0:0/ Nlx`eqctqxnc Dazacmviaot `o Eb`on7 >5:2>0:2/ Ad`ohqxlb7 Ad`ohqxlbQo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Vaxk`ou# D/ B/ >0020/ Aemomi`e Lxm|tb `o Vxa|nx Eb`on/ Haxkacap# Enc`jmxo`n7 Qo`zaxu`tp mjEnc`jmxo`n Vxauu/

Xbaa# PB/ /8662/"Tba O`oataaotbeaotqxp Ex`u`u `o Kmxan)/

@o"Tba \mxcd Uputai nod Anut Nu`n) ad`tad hp "B/@ino`ub`)/ Tmkpm7 O`bmo Ka`wn` Bpmxmoubn/

Xbaa# PB/# nod D/ Pnol/ 86>6/ Kmxano Omh`nod Niax`eno Hcnek Ucnzaxp7 No Auunp `oemivnx`umo/ I`ccaoo`nc Nu`n>7 150/

Xmuaotbnc# GC/# nod H/D/ \mol/ 86>>/ Hajmxa nod Hapmod D`zaxlaoea7 Tba Vmc`t`eu mj

Aemomi`e Ebnola `o Eb`on nod Aqxmva/ Enihx`dla# IN7 Bnxznxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Xqukmcn# T/ 8666/ Emoeavtqnc`w`ol Emxvmxnt`mou nod K`oub`v7 Emivnxnt`za Cn| nodDazacmviaot7 Tbamxp `o n Eb`oaua Vaxuvaet`za/ Utnojmxd Cn| Xaz`a|187 102>010/ Tba Nlxnx`no Mx`l`ou mj Imdaxo Gnvno/ Utnojmxd# EN7 Utnojmxd Qo`zaxu`tp Vxauu/

Uol# T/ 86>>/ U`wa nod Dponut`e daec`oa7 Tba Vx`oe`vncNlaot Vxmhcai `o Cnta @ivax`nc Eb`on>216/ Xaz`uad Ebnvtax 8 mj n d`uuaxtnt`mo |x`ttao jmx Omxtb|autaxo Qo`zaxu`tp/

Tno`imtm# I/ / >002/ "@od`laomqu Aemomi`e Dazacmviaot nod tba Tart`ca @odqutxp `o Gnvno7 Inxkat Jmxint`monod tba Jni`cp Aemomip)/ Onlmpn7 Qo`zaxu`tp mj Onlmpn Vxauu/

\q# G/ / 8664/"Emotaivmxnxp Eb`oaua Aemomi`e Xajmxi)/ Ubnolbn`7 JnxAnut Vqhc`ubaxu/

Wac`o# I/ 8660/ Tba J`xi `o Anxcp Imdaxo Eb`on/ Gmqxonc mj Aemomi`e Habnz`mx nodMxlno`wnt`mo7 :85:5