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Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

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Page 1: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Lecture 25

The Pleistocene Epoch and

Human Origins

Page 2: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyOutline

I Pleistocene TimelineA. NebraskanB. KansanC. IllinoisanD. Wisconsin

1. Extent2. Great Lakes3. Lake Bonneville4. Lake Missoula

a. Channeled Scablands

II Climate ControlsA. GeographyB. AlbedoC. Milankovitch Cycles

III Glacial Cycles and Sea LevelIV The Origin of Humans

Page 3: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe QuaternaryPleistocene Ice Ages

Wisconsin 75,000 – 10,000

Illinoian 265,000 - 125,000

Kansan 435,000 - 300,000

Nebraskan 1,800,000 - 500,000

Page 4: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe QuaternaryLast Glacial Maximum

Page 5: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages - Wisconsin

Page 6: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe QuaternaryIce Age Geology

Glacial Subsidence

Loess Deposits

Pluvial Lakes

Lake Agassiz

Great Lakes

Lake Bonneville

Lake Missoula

Scablands

Drainage System

Page 7: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe QuaternaryIce Age Geology - Pluvial Lakes

Page 8: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages – Lake Agassiz

Page 9: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages – The Great Lakes

Page 10: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages – Lake Bonneville

Page 11: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages – Lake Missoula

Page 12: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages – Lake Missoula

Page 13: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Quaternary

Ice Ages - Wisconsin

BeforeAfter

• Before the ice age rivers drained predominanly to the northeast, but due to the presence of a large continental ice sheet new rivers to the sea were formed.

Page 14: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Geography

Ocean Currents

Albedo

Earth's Orbit

Climate Controls

Page 15: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Eccentricity

Obliquity

Precession

Climate ControlsOrbital Forcing

Page 16: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyClimate Controls

Orbital Forcing - Eccentricity

Page 17: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyClimate Controls

Orbital Forcing - Obliquity

Page 18: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyClimate Controls

Orbital Forcing - Precession

Page 19: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyClimate Controls

Orbital Forcing - Cumulative Effect

Page 20: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyThe Cenozoic Era

Sea Level and Glacial Cycles

Page 21: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

10

20

30

40

50

60

CEN

OZ

OIC

Mill

ions

of

years

ago

Present

loss oftree-dwellingexistence

binocular visionopposable digits

tree-dwellingexistence

TREE SHREWS

PROSIMIANS

NEW WORLDMONKEY

OLD WORLDMONKEY

ORANGUTANS

GORILLAS

HUMANS

CHIMPANZEES

Primate Evolution

Page 22: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Page 23: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyTimeline of Human Evolution

Australopithecus afarensis

Page 24: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyTimeline of Human Evolution

Homo erectus

Page 25: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyTimeline of Human Evolution

Homo neanderthalis

Page 26: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Brain Size

Erect Posture and Bi-pedalism

Hands

Face and Eyes

Teeth and Jaws

Throat and Larynx

Sexual Dimorphism

Neoteny

Human Characteristics

Page 27: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Brain Size

L to R: A. afarensisH. erectusH. sapiens sapiens

Human Characteristics

Page 28: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyHuman Characteristics

Bipedalism

Page 29: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyHuman Characteristics

Bipedalism

Page 30: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Hands

FaceandEyes

TeethandJaws

Throatand

Larynx

Human Characteristics

Page 31: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical Geology

Sexual Dimorphism Neoteny

Human Characteristics

FemurA. afarensis3.5 mya

SkullA. robustus

SkullH. habilis2 mya

Page 32: Historical Geology Lecture 25 The Pleistocene Epoch and Human Origins

Historical GeologyHumans Populate the World


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