historical development of test and measurement

Assessment of Student Learning 1

Historical Development of Test and Measurement

Assessment Is the ongoing process

of gathering and analyzing evidence of what a student can do.

DEFINITION of TERMS:

EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT

- refers to the use of educational assessments and the analysis of data such as scores obtained from educational assessments to infer the abilities and proficiencies of students.

DEFINITION of TERMS:

Test

- is formal and systematic instrument, usually paper and pencil procedure designed to asses the quality, ability, skill or knowledge of the student by giving set of question in uniform manner.

TWO TYPES of TEST

Teacher-Made Test or Informal Test Standardized Test or Formal Test

HISTORY OF TEST and MEASUREMENT

Chinese were the first people to utilize the examination to measure ability. It was informally begun in 225 B.C. and became a definite civil service examination system in 29B.C.

The earliest record of standardized testing comes from China, where hopefuls for government jobs had to fill out examinations testing their knowledge of Confucian philosophy and poetry.


In the Western world, examiners usually favored giving essays, a tradition stemming from the ancient Greeks' affinity for the Socratic method.


But as the Industrial Revolution (and the progressive movement of the early 1800s that followed) took school-age kids out of the farms and factories and put them behind desks, standardized examinations emerged as an easy way to test large numbers of students quickly.


Rev. George Fisher - an English schoolmaster who started the earliest scientific process of measuring achievements of pupils.

- in 1864, he devised an instrument called the “Scale Book”

- inventor of educational measurement.


J.M. Rice - a school administrator who started the development of objective tests like spelling and similar tests in arithmetic and language in 1894 from which evolved the more modern objective tests in different subjects.


E.L. Thorndike - father of educational measurement.

- wrote books 1. “Mental and Social Measurements”- published in 1904 in which were found statistical procedures and tests upon which statistical techniques and tests of today were based.2. “Thorndike Handwriting Scale”- published in 1904 which assigned quantitative values to different qualities of handwriting.


“Mental and Social Measurements


“Thorndike Handwriting Scale”


Alfred Benit French psychologist, In 1905 he began developing a standardized test of intelligence, work that would eventually be incorporated into a version of the modern IQ test, dubbed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test.


Stanford-Benit Intelligence Scale Test1. Which one of the five is least like the other four? Bear Snake Cow Dog Tiger2. Which one of the five is least like the other four?


William Stern - German psychologist and philosopher noted as a pioneer in the field of the psychology of personality and intellegence. He was the inventor of the concept of the intelligence quotient, or IQ, based on the work of Alfred Benit.


William Stern I.Q test


Francis Galton - was an English explorer and anthropologist. He is the originator of questionnaire method and the Theory of Eugenics.


Francis Galton’s Questionnaire sample


William A. McCall - published his pioneer book dealing with test adaptation in 1924. the informal objective type of test that he made as new type of test is widely used today.


Herman Rorschach - introduced a multi-dimensional test of personality known as the Rorschach Test in 1921. The test consist of a series of 10 inkblots used as projective techniques to appraise the global aspects of personality.


Rorschach Inkblots


historical development of test and measurement

Education