HISTOLOGY

USMLE CLASS FOR MD4.

1. A pathologist uses monoclonal antibodies against several intermediate filament proteins and finds that a tumor section stains positive for cytokeratin only. The tumor most likely originated from which of the following tissues?

A.ConnectiveB.EpithelialC.Glial D.MuscleE.Neural

2. Two proteins, kinesin and dynein, are isolated from samples of the neural tissue from experimental animals. These proteins are functionally associated with which of the following cell structures?A. Nissl substanceB. MicrotubulesC. Membrane lipidsD. Intermediate filamentE. Lysosomes

3. MicrotubulesA. Are composed of actinB. Make up the mitotic spindleC. Can be divided into five different groups based on chemical compositionD. Are composed of both actin and myosinE. Are composed of myosin

4. An 11-year-old boy presents with ciliary dyskinesia, sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. He has had persistent infections and otitis media since birth. A PA radiograph shows dextrocardia, and he has a negative saccharin test. In the cross-section of the cilium shown below, which of the following is primarily affected in this disorder?

A.Structure AB.Structure BC.Structure CD.Structure DE.Structure E

5. MicrofilamentsA. Are composed of actinB. Make up the mitotic spindleC. Can be divided into five different groups based on chemical compositionD. Are composed of both actin and myosinE. Are composed of myosin

6. Identify the tissue below with asterisk

A. Simple columnar epitheliumB. Simple cuboidal epitheliumC. Simple squamous epitheliumD. Transitional epitheliumE. Pseudostratified epithelium

7. In the electron micrograph below, the structure labeled B primarily does which of the following?

A. Forms a spot weld between cellsB. Interacts with actin in the cytoplasm of the apical cytosolC. Facilitates communication between adjacent cellsD. Seals membranes between cellsE. Moves microvilli

8. The epithelium type as seen in this photomicroscopic image is best classified as

A. Simple suamous epitheliumB. Transitional epitheliumC. Stratified squamous epithelium, keratinizedD. Stratified squamous epithelium, non- keratinizedE. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

9. An oophorectomized monkey is treated with high doses of estrogen. Which of the following changes is most likely to occur in the endometrium after 1 year of treatment?A. AtrophyB. HyperplasiaC. HypertrophyD. HypoplasiaE. Metaplasia

10. A 50-year-old man comes to the physician because of a cough productive of large quantities of mucus for 6 months. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years. Which of the following cell types is the most likely cause of the increase in this patient's secretion of mucus?A. Columnar ciliated epithelial cellsB. Goblet cellsC. Interstitial cellsD. MacrophagesE. Pneumocyte epithelial cells

11. A surgical pathology specimen from a 24-year-old woman seen at a reproductive medicine clinic demonstrates a ciliated columnar epithelium. From which of the following locations in the female genital tract was the biopsy obtained?A. CervixB. EndometriumC. Fallopian tubeD. Ovary E. Vagina

12. A periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction is very useful in histological and pathological preparations to visualize basement membranes. The PAS reaction is best explained byA. High concerntration of cations within the basement membraneB. Presence of type IX collagen moieties in the basement membraneC. Intracellular cytoskeleton proteins complexed with proteins in the basement membraneD. Association of carbohydrate- rich moieties of proteoglycans in the basement membraneE. High concerntration of anions within the basement membrane

13. Shown below is a freeze-fracture replica of the boundary between two cells. Which of the following is illustrated by the pointed arrow?

A. DesmosomeB. Gap junctionC. HemidesmosomeD. TonofilamentsE. Zonula occludens

14. A 63-year- old man has blood- streaked stools and constipation. Barium enema shows a right- sided obstructing lesion. Surgery is performed, and pathologic evaluation reveals a well- differentiated, colonic adenocarcinoma. Observation of a hematoxylin and eosin- stained microscopic slide from the specimen reveals that the nuclei of the cells are blue. What is the basis for this observation?

A. Eosin binds to carbohydratesB. Eosin binds to lipidsC. Eosin binds to nucleic acidsD. Hematoxylin binds to lipidsE. Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids

15. A 27-year-old male presents to the doctor with complaints of "heartburn" and painful, sour-tasting acid reflux that has not been alleviated by over-the-counter medications. An endoscopic exam is performed and a biopsy of the distal esophagus is taken. Microscopic examination of the tissue shows normal tissue without pathologic changes. What type of mucosa is normal for the distal esophagus?A. Ciliated, columnar epitheliumB. Keratinized, stratified, squamous epitheliumC. Non-ciliated, columnar epitheliumD. Non-keratinized, simple, squamous epitheliumE. Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epitheliumF. Pseudostratified, columnar epithelium

16. In the adult, neurons are an example of which of the following?A. Continuously dividing cellsB. Labile cellsC. Permanent cellsD. Quiescent cellsE. Stable cells

17. Which of the following is lined by a serosa?A. Genitourinary tractB. Peritoneal cavityC. Respiratory tractD. Alimentary canalE. All of the above are lined by a mucosa

18. What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube?A. Endocrine glandB. Multicellular glandC. Exocrine glandD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

19. What forms the brush border?A. MicrovilliB. StereociliaC. CiliaD. KeratinizationE. Both a and b

20. What type of tissue lines blood vessels?A. Simple squamous epitheliumB. Simple cuboidal epitheliumC. Simple columnar epitheliumD. Stratified squamous epitheliumE. Transitional epithelium

21. What type of tissue lines the bladder?A. Simple squamous epitheliumB. Simple cuboidal epitheliumC. Simple columnar epitheliumD. Stratified squamous epitheliumE. Transitional epithelium

22. What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells?A. Simple squamous epitheliumB. Simple cuboidal epitheliumC. Simple columnar epitheliumD. Stratified squamous epitheliumE. Pseudostratified

23. What do you call the space where a chondrocyte sits in?A. Space of DisseB. Space of MallC. VacuoleD. LacunaE. Howship's Lacuna

24. What stain would be best to demonstrate the elastic fibers in elastic cartilage?A. Wright's stainB. Hematoxylin and eosin stainC. Sudan stainD. Silver impregnationE. Resorcin fuchsin and orcein

25. Which type of cartilage is found in the walls of the eustachian tube?A. Hyaline cartilageB. Elastic cartilageC. FibrocartilageD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

26. Which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?A. Hyaline cartilageB. Elastic cartilageC. FibrocartilageD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

27. What type of tissue makes up the "Adam's apple"?A. Hyaline cartilageB. FibrocartilageC. Elastic cartilageD. Both a and bE. Both a and c

28. Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral disc?A. Hyaline cartilageB. Elastic cartilageC. FibrocartilageD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

29. Which type of cartilage forms the hammer, anvil and stirrup?A. Hyaline cartilageB. Elastic cartilageC. FibrocartilageD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

30. Which type of cartilage is highly vascular?A. Hyaline cartilageB. Elastic cartilageC. FibrocartilageD. All of the aboveE. None of the above