HISTOLOGY SLIDES

FIRST YEAR MBBSRawalpindi Medical College

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUMIdentification points:• Flattened cells• Surface view: rounded central nucleus• Cross section: elongated nucleus

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUMIdentification Points:• Cuboidal cells (height almost the same as width)• Central rounded nuclei• Surface view: polygonal

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUMIdentification points:• Single layer of elongated cells• Height of cell > width of cell• Elongated basal nuclei

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS

Identification Points:• Elongated column shaped cells (height > width)• Elongated basal nuclei• Goblet cells have central and oval nuclei

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUMIdentification points:• Multilayered• Basal cells: high cuboidal or low columnar• Surface layer: cuboidal

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

Identification Points:• Surface squamous flattened cells• No keratin• Middle layer: polygonal cells• Basal layer: high cuboidal/low columnar cells

PSEUDO STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Identification Points:• Single layer of cells• Some cells are columnar; others are cuboidal• Nuclei lying at different levels; give the false appearance of ‘stratified’

epithelium

EPIDIDYMUS

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUMIdentification Points:• Basal layer of cuboidal cells• Next, four layers of polygonal cells• Next, two layers of pear shaped cells• Upper most layer of umbrella shaped cells

THIN SKIN

Identification Points:• Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium• Dense irregular CT beneath• Hair follicles and roots present• Sebaceous glands• Sweat glands

THICK SKINIdentification Points:• Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium• No hair roots and follicles• Pacinian corpuscles

DENSE REGULAR C.T

Identification Points:• Parallel collagen fibres in the form of bundles• Compressed elongated fibroblasts between the collagen fibres

MUCOUS ACINIIdentification Points:• Pyramidal cells• Apical portion lightly stained• Basal portion darkly stained• Flattened nuclei towards the base

FIBRO CARTILAGE

Identification Points:• No perichondrium• Chondrocytes within lacunae, arranged in rows• Collagen fibres arranged parallel

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Identification Points:• Perichondrium is present• Elastic fibres in matrix• Basophilic ground substance around lacunae• Chondrocytes in lacunae in the form of isogenous groups

HYALINE CARTILAGEIdentification Points:• Dense Irregular CT (perichondrium)• Chondrocytes within lacunae• Chondrocytes in the form of isogenous groups• Naked eye examination: Bluish white translucent appearance

Costal Hyaline cartilage

ARTICULAR CARTILAGEIdentification Points:• Superficial tangential layer• Intermediate transitional layer• Radial zone• Calcified zone

COMPACT BONEIdentification Points:• Haversion Canal• Lamellae• Osteocytes in lacunae• Volkmann’s canal

SPONGY BONE

Identification Points:• Trabeculae• Red marrow• Spikes• Periosteum: outer fibrous, inner cellular

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Identification Points:• Branched• Striated• Intercalated discs

SMOOTH MUSCLEIdentification points:• Non striated appearance• Single central nucleus• Spindle shaped cells

SKELETAL MUSCLES

Identification Points:• Characteristic striated appearance• Peripheral nuclei• Nucleus ovoid in shape

PERIPHERAL NERVE

CEREBRUMIdentification points:• Pyramidal and non pyramidal cells• Arranged in the form of layers (mention the names) – properly visible only

by ‘Nissl staining method’

CEREBELLUM

Identification Points:From outwards to inwards:• Molecular layer with fan shaped dendrites, stellate cells and basket cells

(but cell population is very low)• Flask shaped Perkinge cells• Granular layer (deeply basophilic appearance of closely packed nuclei)

SPINAL CORDIdentification Points:• Central canal• Butterfly shaped grey matter• Dorsal median sulcus and ventral median fissure (depending on the

portion under examination)

ELASTIC ARTERY

Identification Points:• No distinct outer and inner elastic membranes• Tunica adventitia: merges with CT, contains vasa vasorum• Tunica media: elastic fibres are present in a large amount• Tunica intima: Simple squamous endothelium, subendothelial CT

MUSCULAR ARTERYIdentification Points:• Tunica intima: darkly stained• Tunica media: smooth muscle fibres arranged in circular patterns• Tunica adventitia: collagen (lightly stained); elastic (darkly stained)

LYMPH NODEIdentification Points:• Primary follicles/nodules without germinal centre• Secondary follicles/nodules with germinal centre• Irregular anastomosing ‘medullary cords’• Subcapsular sinuses

THYMUSIdentification Points:• Medulla is lightly stained• Hassall’s corpuscles in medulla• Epithelioreticular cells; stellate shaped

SPLEENIdentification Points:• Red pulp: splenic cord and venous sinuses• White pulp: contains lymphatic nodules and germinal centre• Splenic sinuses• No differentiation into cortex and medulla

TONSILIdentification Points:• Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium• Crypt• Trabeculae• Lymphatic nodules

TRACHEA

LUNG

Identification Points:• Alveoli: Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium); Type II alveolar

cells (cuboidal cells)• Respiratory bronchioles: lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

ADIPOSE TISSUE(WHITE)

Identification Points:• Unilocular• Nuclei towards periphery• Spherical

THE END

By Nowera Zafar