hipercap overview and major results - sintef overview and major results ... •process control with...
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HiPerCap overview and major results
Hanne Kvamsdal, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry
HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September, 2017
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Outline
Project overview
Project objectives
Technology development in the project
Technology assessment and benchmarking
Major results
Remaining work
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EU project HiPerCap
EU-Australia twinning project Call specifically important twinning with Australian partners and projects
5 other projects funded within the same call
Coordinator: SINTEF MC
(Dr. Hanne Kvamsdal)
Duration:
4 years, Jan 2014 - Dec 2017
Budget:
7.7 M€ (4.9 M€ from EU)
3 HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September2017
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Project partners:
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Project objectives
Develop environmentally benign energy- and cost-efficient
technologies for post-combustion capture
Develop a methodology for fair comparison and benchmarking
of the technologies
Develop technology roadmap for the two most promising
technologies
Key focus on potential of the capture technologies
Specific objective:• Reduction of 25% energy pentalty compared to the State-of-the-Art
HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September20175
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Post-Combustion capture technologies in HiPerCap
Absorption• Proof-of-concept of 4 solvent concepts
• Feasibility study of bio-mimicking concept
Adsorption• Testing of various sorbents including "green" sorbents
• Studying two reactor systems (fixed-bed and moving-bed)
Membrane• Hybrid (polymer + nanoparticles) membranes
• Supported ionic liquid membranes
Images: www.co2crc.com.auHiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September20176
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Project overview
WP4 Assessment of new and emerging technologies and processes
WP 1 Absorption
Concepts
- Catalysed systems- Low temperature
regeneration
Chemicals/materials
- Enzyme activators- Strong bicarbonate
formers
WP5 Roadmap for demonstration of selected technologies
WP 3 Membranes
Concepts
- Module design
Materials- Mixed Matrix
membranes- Ionic liquids
WP 2 Adsorption
Concepts
- Fixed bed (Monolith)
- Moving bed
Materials
- Sorbent development
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WP1 ABSORPTION (LED BY TNO)
Enzyme catalysis of CO2 absorption (led by Procede)
• An optimal enzyme-catalysed absorbent process where enzyme is not degraded by the stripper
• Show 10% improvement in energy performance over system without catalysis
Objective
• Enzyme stability throughout the process
• Separation of the enzymes prior to desorption
Challenges
• Mass transfer with several amines promoted with the Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) studied. DMMEA gave the best result.
• Simulations show 15% SRD reduction with (DMMEA+CA) compared to the benchmark (CESAR 1), however, the height of packing in the absorber is 70 m
• Successful pilot demonstration of enzyme-enhanced CO2 capture Membrane unit successfully kept enzymes from stripper
Results
Procede Pilot set-up:8.5m * 175mm Absorber8.5m * 100mm Desorber
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WP1 ABSORPTION (LED BY TNO)
Precipitation solvent systems (led by TNO)
• Regeneration of only the CO2 containing part of the solvent.
• Minimization of emission by the use of amino acids
Objective
• Process control with solids present and the handling of large scale slurries.
Challenges
• Several packing materials tested. Open structured packing types (Montz B1) selected
• Thermodynamic model developed based on experimental data (VSLE, dHabs, etc.)
• Flowsheet calculations shows 15% improvements in thermal heat requirement, but integrated with power plant only 7 % improvement
Results
TNO bench scale set-up:1.2m * 65mm Absorber
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WP1 ABSORPTION (LED BY TNO)
Strong bicarbonate forming solvents (led by NTNU)
• Demonstrate 5% higher cyclic capacity than MEA and
• 15% reduction in efficiency penalty over state-of-the-art solvent (CESAR 1)
Objective
• Limited understanding of "molecular structure – performance" relation
• Absorption rate can be slow
Challenges
• Two promising solvent candidates (HS#1 and HS#2) identified
• Several promoters tested and one selected for further study with HS#1 and HS#2
• Cyclic capacity is 8 and 10% higher, while SRD 10 and 4% higher compared to CESAR1 at 90% CO2
removal
• Both solvents have better environmental properties than CESAR1, HS#2 the best
• Some tests with an activator is promising (tested further as part of WP5)
ResultsProcess optimization in CO2SIM
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WP1 ABSORPTION (LED BY TNO)
Integration of CO2 absorption with utilization (using algae) (led by TNO)
• Demonstrate algae production from a CO2 rich solvent solution
Objective
• Solvent selection, optimize process conditions, resistance against impurities in flue gas.
Challenges
• Concept developed and experimentally proven
• Demonstration with real flue gas
• Process model is developed for scale-up studies
ResultsAlgae growth test set-up:Effect of pH, solvent and light intensity
Reactor designHiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September201711
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WP1 ABSORPTION (LED BY TNO)
Bio-mimicking study (led by SINTEF)
• Assessment of bio-mimicking as a concept for enhanced CO2 absorption
Objective
• Complicated synthesis with low yield
• Expensive catalyst
Challenges
• 2 zinc complexes (bio-mimicking catalysts) synthesized and tested
• Increase in absorption rate compared to MDEA observed, however the effect is small compared to the carbonic anhydrase (biocatalyst)
Results
Stirred cell reactor for masstransfer study
N
N
N
N
Zn
H2
O
OH
N
N
N
N
Zn
N
N
N
N
Zn OH2
I II
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WP2 ADSORPTION (LED BY CSIC)
Sorbent development ( Led by CSIC)
• Development of low temperature solid sorbents, low cost and with a high surface area
Objective
• Identification of materials suitable for the targeted process environment
Challenges
• Low-temperature carbon-based solid sorbents (both particulates and structured) developed, characterized and tested
• Targeted adsorption capacities reached, experimental facilities and materials have been set up, characterization tests completed
• Some promising monoliths tested with real flue gas from a coal power station (Maasvlakte)
• Exchange of two samples for cross-characterization between CSIRO (Australia) and CSIC (EU)
Results
MAST Carbon monolith
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Am
ou
nt
of
CO
2ad
sorb
ed (
mm
ol g
-1)
Pressure (kPa)
0 ˚C30 ˚C50 ˚C70 ˚CToth
CO2 isotherms on MAST’s monolith
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WP2 ADSORPTION (LED BY CSIC)
Process development ( Led by CSIC)
• Develop temperature swing adsorption process (fixed and moving bed concepts) for a full scale adsorption plant including the thermo-process integration with the power-plant
Objective
• Develop correlations describing kinetics and equilibrium relations for multi-component systems
• High uncertainty level in the models as data from relevant pilot plant are very limited
• The Aspen model does not allow condensation of steam (difficult to determine optimal operating conditions).
Challenges
• Breakthrough experiments performed in a lab-scale fixed bed unit with synthetic humid flue gas on carbon monoliths
• Process development for fixed-bed cyclic process using Aspen Adsorption model parameters based on data from lab experiments. A two-stage approach for the fixed-bed is established in order to meet the recovery (85%) and purity specifications (95% dry basis) for the CO2
• Unit models for the different sections of the moving bed unit are being developed and implemented in gPROMS
• Both cases integrated with power-plant and energy numbers calculated
Results
CO2 H2 N2
SCADA system
Extractor hood
Column
Activated carbon
Mix
er
Thermocouple
Back pressure regulator (BPR)
Micro-GCM
T
TC
P
Heating coil
PC
He
Gas feeding system Adsorption column Gas analysis
Fixed-bed experimental set-up
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
y CO
2
Time (min)
RN1
AD2
215SEP31
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0 300 600 900 1200
y H2
O
Time (min)
RN1
AD2
215SEP31
Breakthrough curves: RN1 (granular-biomass), AD2 (monolith-biomass) and
215sep31 (monolith-resin)
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WP3 MEMBRANES (LED BY NTNU)
Hybrid and supported ionic liquid membrane development
• Develop:
• high flux mixed matrix membrane with incorporated nanoparticles in a polymer
• supported ionic liquid (IL) membranes
• nanoporous polymer/ILs membranes
Objective
• Membrane performance (permeance, selectivity)
• Large scale manufacturing and durability
Challenges
• Two types of hybrid membranes developed: excellent durability in tests with SO2, but performance below the target (2.5 m3/m2h bar permeance; 100 selectivity CO2/N2)
• 3 ILs and 6 polymers selected for supported ILs membranes. Different membranes prepared and tested. High permeance (4 m3/m2h bar) achieved but selectivity is below the target (100)
• Nanoporous polymer/IL membranes prepared. Performance close to the targeted values (12-15 m3/m2h bar; 20-30 selectivity CO2/N2)
• Model developed for the hybrid membrane and a two stage process model is develop using Aspen Plus
• Four cases integrated with power-plant
Results
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WP4: ASSESSMENT AND BENCHMARKING IN HIPERCAP (LED BY DNV GL)
16
Develop and apply an assessment methodology for emerging
technologies on different TRL-level
• Develop a KPI based methodology with a consistent way of scaling up to a representative scale of application.
Idea
• Define a clear base case, use defined system boundaries, modeling approach and comparison criteria. Select the two most promising technologies for further studies.
Work in the project
• Develop a fair methodology for comparison of immature technologies at different TRL levels.
Challenges
• Methodology developed based on two stage selection process
• Reference case established and the integrated process simulated
• Assessment finished for all chosen concepts and benchmarked to the reference
• Cost KPI method developed and assessment finished for all chosen conepts
• Two technologies with highest rank chosen for further studies
Results so far
HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September2017
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WP5: Technological roadmap for development of CO2 capture technologies (led by Uniper)
17
Develop a technological roadmap for the industrial demonstration
of the two chosen technologies.
• Identify any gaps in knowledge required for implementing the technologies at industrial pilot units.
Idea
• Detailed studies of the two selected technologies. Identifying knowledge gaps concerning the technology and establish a plan for closing these gaps. Improvement of concepts and models for new benchmarking in WP4
Work in the project
• Short time and limited budget for improvements
Challenges
• Knowledge gaps identified for both technologies
• Improvement of concepts and models are ongoing work
Results so far
HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September2017
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WHAT NEXT ?
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Finish work in WP5 to develop a technological roadmap for the industrial demonstration of two chosen technologies.
Make a plan for demonstrating the technology at an industrial pilot plant.
New benchmarking of the two technologies in WP4
Public summary of major achievements
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Thank you for the attention!
HiPerCap workshop, Oslo, Norway, September 201719