hinduism
DESCRIPTION
HINDUISM. BACKGROUND. Third-largest religion after Christianity and Islam Originated in India Main religion in India Sacred texts: the Four Vedas (contain hymns, incantations, and rituals from ancient India) Myths and epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hinduism: polytheistic or monotheistic?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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HINDUISM
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BACKGROUND• Third-largest religion after Christianity and
Islam• Originated in India• Main religion in India• Sacred texts: the Four Vedas (contain
hymns, incantations, and rituals from ancient India)
• Myths and epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata
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Hinduism: polytheistic or monotheistic?
- Worships many gods and goddesses
- One supreme God: Brahma (other gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or aspects of that supreme God => henotheistic)
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BELIEFS • reincarnation (samsara): endless cycle of
birth (Brahma), death (Vishnu), rebirth (Shiva) (the cycle is repeated over and over again until one reaches moksha)
• karma: material actions resulting from the consequences of previous actions
=> religious justification for the caste system
• personal duty (dharma)
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HINDU WAY OF LIFE• Moksha - the release of the soul (Atman) from the cycle
of rebirth. The individual soul (Atman) unites with Brahman the universal soul. There are different ways to Moksha.
spiritual - involves acquiring spiritual knowledge through yoga and meditation. devotion to god
working selflessly for the good of society. How a person is reincarnated is determined by karma.• Dharma - the code for leading one's life.
Respect for elders is considered important and many consider marriage as a son's religious duty.
• Artha - the pursuit of material gain by lawful means. • Karma- through pure acts, knowledge and devotion, you
can reincarnate to a higher level. The opposite achieves the contrary result.
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THE SYMBOL OF “AUM”/ “OM”
- Intonation that transcends barriers of age, race, culture and even species
- The basic sound of the world containing all other sounds
- The mantra (prayer) in itself
- Can penetrate to the center of one’s being, the atman (soul)
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"The goal which all the Vedas declare, which all austerities aim at, and which men desire when they lead the life of continence … is Om. This syllable Om is indeed Brahman. Whosoever knows this syllable obtains all that he desires. This is the best support; this is the highest support. Whosoever knows this support is adored in the world of Brahma."~ Katha Upanishad I
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PRACTICES
- seek awareness of God
- Puja (worship/veneration) at home or in a temple
- Yoga (methods to reach Samsara)
- Diwali (festivals of lights/ celebrate the New Year)
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DIWALI
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HINDU GODS
Brahma: the Creator
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Vishnu: the Preserver
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Shiva : the Destroyer
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Saraswathi: wife of Brahma/ Goddess of music, knowledge and art
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Laksmi: Wife of Vishnu, Goddess of light, beauty, good fortune and wealth
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Ganesha: son of Shiva and Parvati
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THE CASTE SYSTEM