himachal pradesh state biodiversity board

i

Preface

Man has been dependent upon the biodiversity for fulfilment of his entire

livelihood needs. The ancient Indian literature is replete with references to animal and

plant life affecting the lives of human beings on day to day basis. Many of the plants

and animals have been domesticated over a period of time. Man has also discovered

curative uses of plants and animals found in his immediate vicinity, and has

associated religious value to most important of such plants. But degradation of the

Himalaya, of which Himachal Pradesh is a part, is having a profound influence on all

ecosystems of the region resulting in the loss of biodiversity. It is, therefore, very

important to conserve the ecology and biodiversity of this fast deteriorating fragile

ecosystem. Several endemic species have evolved in this area. These are particularly

adapted to the Himalayan way of life, especially at high altitudes above timber line.

There are also many valuable animal resources from scientific and aesthetic points of

view, and several of these are threatened due to large scale destruction of their

habitats. Many interesting unknown taxa may become extinct before they are even

discovered. Considering the ecosystem as a gene bank, if populations of species are

reduced, there may be a genetic drift and gene loss which is potentially an important

loss.

Himachal Pradesh is bestowed with distinctive fauna having aesthetic, cultural,

commercial and genetic values. Beautiful birds like Himalayan Monal, Koklass and

Tragopan Pheasants, Red-billed Blue Magpie, Paradise Flycatcher and Himalayan

Snow Cock, and Papilionid and Nymphalid butterflies are of great aesthetic value. In

fact, they have enriched the aesthetic life of hill people and are admired for adding

liveliness to nature. The unique colour shades and designs have caught the

imaginations of poets, naturalists, fashion designers, collectors, etc. Products of some

animals like honey, wax, musk and skins are commercially valuable. Two species of

honeybees, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are domesticated for the production of

honey and wax. Species of non-mulberry silk moths, Antheraea mylitta (Indian Tasar

Moth) and Samia cynthia ricini (Indian Eri Moth), found in Himachal Pradesh can be

exploited for yielding wild silk. Snow trout (Schizothorax sp.) and golden mahseer

ii

(Tor putitora) are of fishery importance. Earthworm species, Eisenia fetida and

Perionyx excavatus can be easily reared on various kinds of organic waste materials

in the state for the production of vermicompost and vermiprotein. Rhesus macaque,

Macaca mulatta is of great biomedical importance all over the world.

The hill people rear large number of domesticated animals like cattle, goats,

sheep etc for meat and wool production, ploughing fields and collection of dung for

use as organic manure. Grazing by these animals exerts a great biotic pressure on

forests. Often overgrazing leads to ecological problems like formation of gullies in

tracks frequented by cattle, abundance of coarse and poor grasses in pastures because

of selective feeding, trampling of seedlings and saplings, and soil erosion. Wild

animals are hunted by the people for their fur, meat, musk etc. Forests are sometimes

set on fire for inducing good growth of grass and mushrooms. Forest fires are very

harmful to environment, causing erosion, destroying valuable faunal diversity and

hampering regeneration. Human demographic pressure causes shrinkage of forests

leading to loss of biodiversity. Increased agricultural and horticultural practices have

introduced several exotic taxa in the area.

Keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in the present

status report to enumerate and enlist different faunal groups present in Himachal

Pradesh. This document provides updated information on the status, distribution,

biological diversity, value, threats and conservation strategies of Protista (Protozoa)

as well as that of different animal groups from Mesozoa to Mammalia present in

Himachal Pradesh. It will serve as a valuable source of information for all those who

are concerned with animal diversity and faunal resources of the country in general

and Himalayan region in particular. Moreover, efforts have been made to discuss

various measures useful for the conservation of endangered species and sustainable

utilization of faunal resources.

Authors

iii

ContentsTitle Page NumbersBiodiversity: Concept and Scope 1-2Levels of Biodiversity 2-5Importance of Biodiversity 5-6Values and Evaluation of Biological Diversity 6-7Biodiversity and Biotechnology 8Biodiversity and Sustainable Development 8-10Status of Faunal Diversity 10-17Methodology for Faunal Diversity Studies 18-29

Data Collection Procedure 18-27 Data Analysis 27-29Status and Details of Faunal Elements in Himachal Pradesh 30-75Invertebrates 30-56 Protozoa 30-32

Nematoda 32-34 Annelida (Oligochaeta) 34-35 Arthropoda 36-38 Arachnida (Mites) 36-38 Insecta 38-52 a) Odonata 38-39 b) Orthoptera 40-41 c) Dermaptera 42 d) Mantodea 43 e) Coleoptera 43-45 f) Diptera 46 g) Lepidoptera 47-52

Pollinators 52-55 Mollusca 55-56Vertebrates 57-75 Pisces 57-59 Amphibia 59-60 Reptilia 61-62 Aves 62-70 Mammalia 70-75

Chiroptera (Bats) 73-75Major Threats to Fauna 75-77Conservation Measures 77-79Literature Consulted 80-109

BIODIVERSITY: CONCEPT AND SCOPE

Biodiversity

inter alia

LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Other forms of Biodiversity

IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

Cultural Heritage

Benefits to Agriculture and Harvested Resources

Benefits to Ecological Processes

Benefits to Recreation and Tourism

Benefits to Research

VALUES AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Economic Value

Intrinsic Value

The Value of Biodiversity

BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

STATUS OF ANIMAL DIVERSITY

World

et al.

India

et al.

et al.,

Himachal Pradesh

Table 1: Number of described Animal species in India and Himachal Pradesh

Taxonomic Group No. of Species World India (% in India) Himachal Pradesh

PROTISTA

Total (Protista) 31250 2577 (8.24) 89ANIMALIA

Arthropoda 987949 68389 (6.90)

Chordata 48451 4952 (10.22)

Total 1196903 86874 (7.25) 2757Total (Protista+Animalia) 1228153 89451 (7.28) 2846

et al. et al.

et al.

et al.

et al.

et al.

et al.,

et al.,

METHODOLOGY FOR ANIMAL DIVERSITY STUDIES

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

viz-a-

viz

1. Mammals

et al.

et al.

i) Rodents

ii) Mega and Micro-Chiroptera

iii) Large Carnivores

iv) Small Carnivores

v) Ungulates

2. Birds

et

al.,

3. Reptiles

et

al.

4. Amphibians

et al.

5. Fishes

6. Arthropods

i) Hand picking

ii) Sweeping

iii) Beating

iv) Aerial netting

v) Aspirator

vi) Trapping

vii) Burlese Funnel

7. Mollusca (Snails & Bivalves), Annelids (earthworms) and other macro soil-

fauna

DATA ANALYSIS

RI

S N

H

H

pi ith

GROUPWISE STATUS AND DETAILS OF ANIMALS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

INVERTEBRATES

PROTOZOA

Centropyxis stellata, Campuscus cornuatus, Leptochlamys

ampullacea, Litonotus muscorum, Colpoda reniformis

Systematic List of Protozoans found in Himachal Pradesh

A. Freeliving Protozoa

Class : LoboseaOrder : AmoebidaFamily : Thecameibidae

Thecamoeba terricola

Family : ParamoebidaeMayorella vespertilio

Order : TestacrealoboseaFamily : Arcellidae

Arcella discoidesArcella vulgaris

Family : MicrocorycidaeDiplochlamys timidaLeptochlamys ampullaceal

Family : CentropyxidaeCentropyxis aculeateCentropyxis aerophilaCentropyxis constrictaCentropyxis ecornisCentropyxis minutaCentropyxis platystomaCentropyxis spinosaCentropyxis sylvaticaCentropyxis stellataCyclopyxis arcelloidesCyclopyxis arcelloidesCyclopyxis kahliPlagiopyxis callidaPlagiopyxis minutaTrigonopyxis arcula

Family : DifflugiidaeDifflugia lebesDifflugia lobostomaDifflugia muriformisDifflugia oblongaDifflugia rubescensDifflugia urceolata

Family : NebelidaeHeleopera roseaHeleopera sylvaticaHyalosphenia papilioNebela collarisNebela wailesiQuardulella symmetrica

Family : PhryganiidaePhrganella hemispherica

Class : FiloseaOrder : TestaceafilosaFamily : Cyphoderiidae

Campuscus cornuatus

Family : EuglyphidaeAssulina muscorum

Corythion dubiumEuglypha leavisEuglypha rotundaEuglypha strigosa Euglypha tuberculataTracheleuglypha dentateTrinema complanatumTrinema enchelysTrinema lineare

Phylum : CiliophoraClass : KinetofragminophoreaOrder : ProstomatidaFamily : Holophrydae

Holophrya simplex

Family : ColepidaeColeps hirtusColeps inermis

Family : TrachelidaeDileptus tenuis

Family : DidinidaeDidinium nasutum

Family : AmphilepidaeAmphileptus claparedeiHemiophrys proceraLitonotus fasciolaLitonotus muscorum

Order : TrichostomatidaFamily : Colpodidae

Colpoda cucullusColpoda steiniColpoda reniformis

Family : LeptopharyngidaeLeptopharynx eurystoma

Class : OligohymenophoreaOrder : HymenostomatidaFamily : Glaucomidae

Monochilum ovale

Family : OphryoglenidaeOphryoglena flava

Family : ParameciidaeParamecium aurelia Paramecium caudatum

Family : FrontoniidaeFrontonia atraFrontonia leucas

Family : UrocentridaeUrocentrum turbo

Order : ScuticociliatidaFamily : Cinetochilidae

Cinetochilum margaritaceum

Order : PeriatrichidaFamily : Vorticellidae

Vorticella campanula

Class : PolyheymenophoreaOrder : HeterotrichidaFamily : Spirostomatidae

Blepharisma undulansSpirostomum ambuguum

Family : MetopidaeMetopus

Family : StrobilidiidaeStrobilidium gyrans

Order : HypotrichidaFamily : Urostylidae

Paraholosticha herbicola

Family : OxytrichidaeOxytricha bifaria Oxytricha fallaxOxytricha hymenostomaPleurotricha lanceolataStylonychia mytilus

Stylonychia pustulata

Family : EuplotidaeUeplotes patellaUeplotes charonUeplotes muscicola

B. Parasitic Protozoa

Phylum : SarcomastigophoraOrder : OpalinidaFamily : Opalinidae

Opalina obtrigonoidea

Phylum : CiliophoraClass : OligohynemophoreaOrder : AstomatidaFamily : Anoplophryidae

Anoplophrya amaleshiAnoplophrya lumbriciAnoplophrya marylandensis Anoplophrya striata

NEMATODA

Systematic of nematodes found in Himachal Pradesh

Parasitic nematodes:

Allocreadium singhi Amplicaecum flavescens Ancylostoma (A.) caninum Ancylostoma quentine Arthrostoma felineum Arthrostoma pagumaeArtyfechinostomum malayanum Bursaphenelchus piniperdaeCaninum ancylostomaCoslenchus costatus Cosmocercoides barodensisCosmocercoides bufonis Cosmocercoides dukeCosmocercoides fotedari Cosmocercoides kumaoni Cosmocercoides lanceolatus Cosmocercoides multipapillata Cosmocercoides nainitalensis Criconema mutabile Criconemella macrodora Enterobius chabaudiFilenchus filiformisGireterakis andersoniGireterakis guptaiHaemonchus contortus Heterakis spurmosa Homalometron mandiensisIndocucullanus fotedariKalicephalus (Schadius) schadiLongistriata indicaMarshallagiaMeloidogyne incognitaMesocestoides lineatus Monodontus bainaeOesophagostomum (Conoweberia) amarpurense Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) bifurcum Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) kherai Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) pachycephalum Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) tridentatum Oesophagostomum (Proteracum) columbianum Oesophagostomum O. amarpurenseOxysomatium anurae Oxysomatium macintoshii Oxysomatium mehdii Oxysomatium srinagarensis Oxysomatium stomatici Paratylenchus micoletzkyi Physaloptera johnsoniPhysaloptera kherari Physaloptera varani

PorrocaecumProcamallanus bilaspurensisPsilenchus hilarulus Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines)Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines) willmottaePterygodermatites (Multipectines) affinis Quinisulcius capitatus R. (Rhabdochona) moraveciRhabdias bufonisRhabdochona (Filochona) ergensiRhabdochona (Filochona) oncorhynchiRhabdochoni (Filochona) andersoniRhabdochoni soodiSerpinema hamirpurensisSeuratum ingliseSpirura herpestis Spirura khaliliSyphacia (S.) baylisiSyphacia (s.) mandienseSyphacia (Syphatineria) quptaeSyphacia (Syphatineria) sunciiThelandros agamaeThelandros baylisiThelandros himalayanaThelandros tayloriTrichostrongylus colubriformisTrichuris globulosa Trichuris ovis Trichuris pedetei Trichuris sylvilagi Trichuris trichiura Troglostrongylus brevior Trypaloxyuris pitheciTrypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) pitheci Xiphinema americanumXiphinema insigne

ANNELIDA

Oligochaeta

Systematic List

Phylum: Naidida Class : OligochaetaFamily : Naididae

Nais barbataNais communis

Family : TubificidaeLimnodrilus hoffmeisteri

Family : MoniligastridaeDrawida japonicaDrawida nepalensis

Family : LumbricidaeAllolobophora parva Aporrectodea c. caliginosa Aporrectodea c. trapezoides Aporrectodea rosea rosea Dendrobaena hortensis Dendrobaena octaedra Dendrodrilus rubidus Eisenia fetida Eiseniella t. tetraedraLumbricus castaneus Lumbricus terretrisOctolasion cyaneum Octolasion tyrtaeum

Family : OcnerodrilidaeMalabaria levisOcnerodrilus occidentalis Thatonia exilis Thatonia gracilis

Family : AcanthodrilidaeMicroscolex phosphoreusPlutellus sadhupulensis

Family : OctochaetidaeDichogaster bolanui

26. Eutyphoes incommodus27. Eutyphoes nicholsoni28. Eutyphoes waltoni

Lennogaster chittagongensis Lennogaster pusillus Lennogaster yeicus Octochaetona beatrix Ramiella bishambari

Family : MegascolecidaeAmynthas alexandri Amynthas corticis Amynthas gracilis Amynthas morrisi Metaphire birmanica Metaphire anomala Metaphire houlleti Metaphire posthuma Perionyx bainni Perionyx excavatusPerionyx barotensis Perionyx simlaensisPerionyx sansibaricus

ARTHROPODA

ARACHNIDA (MITES)

et al.,

et al,

et al

Acarapis woodi, Tropilaelaps clareae Varroa

et al.,

Table 2: Mite fauna associated with Apis spp. in Himachal Pradesh

S.No Mite species Order Family Honeybeesspeciesinfested

Mode of livingassoiation

Tyrophagus longior A. melliferaA. cerana

Tyrophagus A. melliferaAcarus A. melliferaCaloglyphus berlesei A. cerana Rhizhoglyphus robini A. cerana

A. mellifera

A. cerana, A. florea A. mellifera

Acarapis dorsalis A. melliferaAcarapis woodi A. mellifera

Varroa jacobsoni A. melliferaTropilaelaps clareae A. cerana

A. melliferaA. melliferaA. melliferaA. melliferaA. mellifera

Parasitellus A. melliferaMacrocheles muscaedomesticae A. cerana

Macrocheles A. melliferaLaelaps A. mellifera

A. cerana Neocypholaelaps indica A. melliferaNeocypholaelaps apicola A. cerana

Table 3: Mite spp. associated with Bombus spp. in Himachal Pradesh

Mite species Order Family Bumble beespecies infested

Mode of living/association

Androlaelaps casalis Laelapidae B. tunicatus

Pneumolaelaps longanalis Laelapidae B. tunicatus

Mesostigmatic Laelapidae B. tunicatus

- B. tunicatus

Table 4: Different honey bee and bumble bee mite pests new to Himachal Pradesh with theirtaxonomic status

Honeybee Mites

S.No Mite species Order Family Host bee species

Tyrophagus longior ( A. mellifera, A. cerana

Tyrophagus A. melliferaAcarus A. melliferaCaloglyphus berlesei A. cerana Rhizoglyphus robini A. cerana

A. mellifera

A. cerana,A. florea A. mellifera

Acarapis dorsalis A. melliferaA. melliferaA. melliferaA. melliferaA. melliferaA. mellifera

Macrocheles muscaedomesticae A. cerana

Macrocheles A. melliferaLaelaps A. melliferaParasitellus A. melliferaNeocypholaelaps apicola A. cerana

Bumble Bee Mites

S.No

Mite species Order Family Host bee species

Androlaelaps casalis B.tunicatusPneumolaelaps longanalis B.tunicatus

B.tunicatusB.tunicatus

INSECTA

a) Odonata

Syatematic List

Suborder: Zygoptera Family : Platycnemididae

Copera annulataCopera marginipes Copera vittata Coeliccia reniferaCalicnemia eximia Calicnemia miles

Family : CoenagriidaeCeriagrion cerinorubellumCeriagrion coromandelianumCeriagrion fallaxPseudogrion decorumPseudogrion rubricepsPseudogrion splenci Pseudogrion laidlawi Coenagrion dyeriIschnura delicataIschnura forcipataIschnura senegalensisIschnura rufostigmaAgriocnemis pygmeae

Family : SynlestidaeMegalestes majorLestes thoracina Lestes viridula Libellago lineata lineata

Family : CholorocyphidaeRhinocypha q. quadrimaculataRhinocypha t. trifasciata Rhinocypha unimaculata

Family : EpallagidaeBayadera indicaAnisopleura comesAnisopleura lestoides

Family : CalopterygidaeNeurobasis chinensis chinensis

Suborder: Anisoptera Family : Gomphidae

Ictinogomphus rapaxNepogomphus modstusBurmagomphus sivalikensis Mesogomphus lineatus Onychogomphus flavum

Family : CordulegasteridaeChlorogomphus olympicus Anotogaster b. basalis

AlligasterCordulegaster b. brevistigma

Family : AeshnidaeHemianax ephippiger Cephaleschna orbifrons Aeshna ornithocephalaPolycanthagyna erythromelas Anax guttatusAnax immaculifrons Anax p. parthenope

Family : LibellulidaeTholymis tillarga Zyxomma petiolatum Brachydiplex sobrina Palpopleura s. sexmaculataPantala flavescens Bradinopyga geminate Potamarcha obscura Orthetrum brunneum brunneumOrthetrum chrysisOrthetrum anceps Orthetrum c. cancellatumOrthetrum japonicum internumOrthetrum taeniolatum Orthetrum chrysostigma luzonicumOrthetrum glaucumOrthetrum pruinosum neglectumOrthetrum sabina sabinaOrthetrum triangulareBrachythemis contaminataCrocothemis servilia serviliaDiplacodes nebulosaDiplacodes trivialis Neurothemis fulviaNeurothemis tullis tulliaNeurothemis i. IntermediaSympatrum commixtum Sympatrum hypomelus Trithemis aurora auroraTrithemis festivaTrithemis k. kirbyTrithemis pallidinervisAcisoma panarpoides panarpoidesRhyothemis triangularisRhyothemis v. variegata Tramea basilaris burmeisteriTramea virginia

b) Orthoptera

et al.

et al.

Systematic List

Family : GryllidaeAcanthoplistus birmanusAcheta domesticusGotvendia albipennisGryllodes sigillatusGryllus bimaculatusGryllus brunneriGryllus histrioGymnogryllus kashmirensisLoxoblemmus detectusLoxoblemmus equestrisLoxoblemmus fascipesLoxoblemmus macrocephalusLoxoblemmus taicounModicogryllus blennusModicogryllus facialisPlatygryllus melanocephalusPlebeiogryllus guttiventris

Pteronemobius csikiiPteronemobius fascipesPteronemobius pantelchopardorum

Pteronemobius taprobanensisTeleogryllus blennusTeleogryllus occipitalisTuranogryllus histrioTuranogryllus jamuensisTuranogryllus rufonigerVelarifictorus dehradunensisXenogryllus

Family : TrigonidiidaeAnaxipha longipennisTrigonidium cicindeloides

Family : PhaneropteridaeElimaea securigera

Letana despectaHimertula kinnaeri

Family : ConocephalidaeConocephalus maculatusEuconocephalus pallidusParaconocephalus

Family : MecopodidaeMecopoda elongata

Family : PseudophyllidaeOnomarchus

Family : GryllotalpidaeGryllotalpa (Gr.) a. africanaGryllotalpa fossor

Family : MyrmecophilidaeMyrmecophilus albicinctus

Family : TettigonidaeDucetia japonicaElimaea (Orthilaemaea) securigeraIsopsera pedunculataLetana despectaLetana linearisPhneroptera myleocercaPlicigera Himalayana

Family : EneopteridaeEuscystus hemelytus

Family : PseudophyllidaeOnomarchus

Family : AcrididaeAcrida exaltataAcrida indicaAcrotylus humbertianusAiolopus thalassinus tamulusAiolopus thalassinus thalassinusCatantops pinguis innotabilisCatantops simlaeCeracris nigri. nigricornis Ceracris striataCholaebora grossaChondracris roseaChoroedocus illustrisChoroedocus robustusChorthipus (Chor.) indcus Chorthipus (Glyptobothrus) hammerstraeni

Cyrtacanthacris tataricaDiabolocatantops innotabilisDnopherula (Aulacobothrus) luteipsEucoptacra praemorsaEucoptarca saturataEyprepocnemis a. alacris

Eyprepocnemis roseaGasttrimargus a. africanusHeteracris nobilisHieroglyphus banianHolopercna darjeelignesisHolopercna

78. Oedaleus abruptusOedipoda himalayanaOthochtha indicaOxya fuscovittataOxya h. hyla Oxya veloxPachyacris vinosaPachyacris violascensParaconophyma scabraPatanga succinataPhalaeoba infumataPhalaeoba panteliPhingonotus longipennisPusana leavisScintharista blanchardiana sulphureusScintharista notabills pallipsSikkimiana darjeelingensisSpathosternum pr. prasiniferumSphingonotus longipennis (Saussure)

97. Sphingonotus octofasciatusTrilophidia annulata

99. Truxalis sp. Tylotropidius varciornisXenocatantops h. humilisXenocatantops karnyi

Family : PyrgomorphidaeAtractomorpha cr. crenulataChrotogonus (Chr.) tr. trachypterus

Aularches miliarisAularches punctatusPoikilocerus pictus

Family : TetrigidaeCoptotettix consperusErgatettix dorsiferusErqatettix guentheriEucriotettix grandisEuparatettix tenuisHedotettix attenuatusHedotettix costatus Hedotettix gracilisHedotettix tenuisPseudotettix histricusTeredorus frantalis

Family : TridactylidaeTridactylus thoracicusXya

c) Dermaptera

Systematic List

Family : PygidicranidaeSubfamily : Diplatynae

Haplodiplatys glenisHaplodiplatys rufescens Haplodiplatys simlaensis Haplodiplatys chinensis Haplodiplatys srivastavai

Family : AnisolabididaeSubfamily : Anisolabidinae

Aborolabis pervicinaEuborellia annulipesEuborellia compressa Euborellia rajasthanensis

Subfamily : IsolaboidinaeIsolaboides burriIsolaboides elegansIsolaboides immsi

Family : LabiduridaeSubfamily : Nalinae

Nala nepalensisNala lividipes

Subfamily : LabidurinaeLabidura ripariaForcipula trispinosa

Forcipula quadrispinosaForcipula indica

Family : ChelisochidaeSubfamily : Chelisochinae

Proreus abdominalisHamaxas singhi

Family : ForficulidaeSubfamily : Allodahlinae

Allodahlia macropyga

Subfamily : AnechurinaeAnechura stoliczkae Anechura zubovskii Anechura nyyari

Subfamily : EudohriniinaeEudohria metallica

Subfamily: ForficulinaeElaunon bipartitusForficulaplanicollisForficula schlagintweiti Forficula asketi Forficula davidiForficula Beelzebub

d) Mantodea

Family : HymenopodidaeEphestiasula intermediaCreobroter laevicollis

Family : MantidaeHumbertiella indicaNanomantis lacteaMantis indicaMantis nobilisStatiella nemoralis

e) Coleoptera

Systematic List

Family : GyrinidaeOrectochilus murinusOrectochilus neglectus

Family : DytiscidaeLaccophilus flexuosusLaccophilus parvulusLaccophilus sharpiHydrovatusHyphoporus elevatusHydaticus fabriiciSandracottus dejeaniSandracottus festivus

Family : GeoryssidaeGeoryssus

Family : HydrophilidaeCoelostomaHydrochusLaccobiusHelochares crenatusSternolophus rufipesBerosus indicumAmphiops pedestris

Family : ElmidaeStenelmis

Family : ByrrhidaeByrrhus

Family : ScarabaeidaeSubfamily: Hybosorinae

Hybosorus orientalis Hybosorus illigeri Phaeochorus emarginatus

Subfamily : AphodinaeAphodius parvulusAphodius urostigmaAphodius finctariusAphodius crenatus Aphodius marginellusAphodius moestus

Subfamily : ScarabaeinaeGymnopleurus opacus Gymnopleurus miliaris Sisyphus indicusHeliocopris bucephalus Catharsius molossus Catharsius pitheciusCatharsius sagax Copris sacontala Copris sabinusCopris pujnabensisCopris repertusCopris sarpedon

Copris indicusPhalops divisus Caccobius ultorCaccobius vulcanus Caccobius indicusCaccobius himalayanusCaccobius denticollis Caccobius pantherimusOnthophagus marginalis Onthophagus spinifex Onthophagus falsus Onthophagus ramosellus Onthophagus furcillifer Onthophagus gagatesOnthophagus kuluensis Onthophagus bonasusOnthophagus expansicornis Onthophagus rubricollis Onthophagus productus Onthophagus duportiOnthophagus ramosus Onthophagus sutleinensis Onthophagus lilliputanusOnthophagus lapillus Onthophagus kumaonensis Onthophagus furcicollis Onthophagus concolor Onthophagus pactolus Onthophagus dama Onthophagus mopus Onthophagus tarandusOnthophagus griseosetosus Onthophagus gratus Onthophagus aenescens Onthophagus amplexus Onthophagus centricornis Onthophagus atropolitusOnthophagus quaestus Onthophagus quadridentatusOnthophagus fasciatus Onthophagus tragus Onthophagus catta Onthophagus dubernardi Liatongus phanaeoidesLiatongus gagatinusLiatongus vertagus Liatongus rhinoceros Oniticellus spinipes Oniticellus pallipes Oniticellus pallens Oniticellus cinctusDrepanocerus setosus Onitis fulcatus Onitis subopacus Onitis philemon

Onitis castaneus Onitis excavatus

Subfamily : SericinaeSerica khaniarisMaladera insanabilis

Subfamily: MelolonthidaeApogonia orbitalisApogonia nigrescens Apogonia setosaHolotrichia stoliczkae Holotrichia problematicaHolotrichia anthracina Holotrichia semihirta Holotrichia sikkimensisHolotrichia serrata Holotrichia longipennisHolotrichia graditifronsHolotrichia nubiliventris Holotrichia batillaria Holotrichia occipitalis Hilyotrogus holoscericeus Cryptotrogus pajni Asactopholis dehradunusArticephala himachaliArticephala lagualiArticephala planifronsIdioncycha excisa Hoplosternus nepalensis Brahmina crinicollis Brahmina coriacea

Brahmina cribricollis Brahmina culuensis Brahmina cupresus Brahmina simlanaMelolontha aeneicollis Melolontha indicaMelolontha cuprescensMelolontha furcicauda

Subfamily: RutelinaePopillia nasuta Popillia cupricollis Popillia cynanea Popillia clypealisPopillia simlanaPopillia pilosaMimela horsfieldiMimela passeriniiMimela pectoralis

Mimela fulgidivittata Anomala politaAnomala rufiventrisAnomala lineatopennisAnomala xanthopteraAnomala dimidiata Anomala stoliczkae Anomala rugosaAnomala fuliviventrisAnomala chlorosomaAnomala xanthonotaAnomala dorsalisAnomala cantoriAnomala bengalensisIschnopopillia moorei Pachyrhinadoretus frontatusTropiorhynchus orientalis Adoretus incurvatus Adoretus lithobaius Adoretus caliginosus Adoretus duvacauliAdoretus costopilosus

Subfamily : DynastinaeEophileurus perforatus Xylotrupes gideon Phyllogathus dionysius Aliossonotum bindulumAliossonotum simile Aryctes nasicornisHeteronychus annulatus

Subfamily : CetoniinaeHeterorrhina nigritarsis Heterorrhina porphyretica Anatona stillataAnatona castanopteraTorynorrhina opalinaProtaetia impavidaProtaetia coenosa Protaetia neglectaChiloloba acutaClinteria spilota Clinteria klugi Glycyphana horsfieldiJumnos royeliJumnos ruckeriOxycetonia jucundaOxycetonia versicolor Thaumastopeus pullus

f) Diptera

Systematic List

Suborder : NematoceraFamily : Tipulidae

Conosia irrorata

Family : BibionidaePlecia dispersa

Suborder: BrachyceraFamily : Stratiomyidae

Oplodontha rubrithoraxAdoxomyia heminopla

Family : TabanidaeTabanus (Tabanus) striatus

Suborder : CyclorrhaphaFamily : Syrphidae

Episyrphus balteatusPhytomia (Dolichomerus) crassa

Family : SciomyzidaeSepedon plumbella

Family : MuscidaeMusca (Musca) domesticaOrthellia timorensisGymnodia tonitruiStomoxys calcitrans

Family : CalliphoridaeChrysomya megacephalaParasarcophaga (P.) albiceps (

g) Lepidoptera

et al.,

i) Rhopalocera (Butterflies)

et al. et al.

et al.

Systematic List

Family : PapilionidaePachliopta aristolochiaeAtrophaneura philoxenusAtrophaneura dasarada ravanaChilasa agestor govindra Chilasa clytia clytia Papilio protenor protenorPapilio polyctor polyctorPapilio arcturus ariusPapilio polytes romulusPapilio machaon ladakensisPapilio machaon punjabensisPapilio demoleus demoleus .Papilio machaon asiaticaGraphium cloanthus cloanthus

Graphuim sarpedon luctatiusParnassius hardwickei hardwickei Paranassius jacquemontiParanassius cashmiriensisParanassius s. stoliczkanusParanassius delphius ladakensisParanassius delp. mamaieviParanassius delphius rupshuanaParanassius simo. simoidesParanassius charltonius Pathysa nomius nomius Pazala eurous cashmirensis

Family : PieridaeLeptosia nina nina Metaporia leucodice soracta Metaporia agathonDelias belladona horsfieldiDelias eucharisDelias sanaca sanaca Aporia nabellicaAppias lalageAppias libytheaBaltia butleri butleri Cepora nerissa phryne Anaphaeis aurota aurotaPieris canidia indica Pieris brassicae nepalensis Pieris napi ajakaPontia daplidice mooreiIxias marianne Ixias pyrene kausalaPareronia valeria anais Catopsilia crocale Catopsilia pyrantheGonepteryx rhamni nepalensis Gonepteryx mahaguru Eurema brigitta rubella Eurema laeta laeta Eurema hecabe fimbriata Colias electo fieldi Colias erate erate Colias ladakensisColias eogene Colias etrida etridaSynchloe callidice kalora

Family : DanaidaeDanaus chrysippus chrysippusDanaus genutiaTirumala limniace leopardusTirumala hamata septentrionis Parantica aglea melanoidesParantica sita sitaEuploea core coreEuploea mulciber mulciber

Family : SatyridaeMycalesis perseus blasiusMycalesis mineus mineusMycalesis francisca canatanaMycalesis lepcha lepcha Zophoessa maitrya maitrya Zophoessa jalaurida jalauridaZophoessa sidonisZophoessa nicetasZophoessa golapara goalparaLethe confusa confusa Lethe insane insane Lethe rohria rohriaLethe verma verma

Lethe pulaha pondiyaLethe yama buckleyi Maniola pulchellaManiola davendra davendraManiola lupinus cheena Lasiommata schakra schakraLasiomata moer. moerula Rhaphicera moorei mooreiOrinoma damarisAulocera brahminus Aulocera padma padma Aulocera swaha swaha Aulocera saraswati Callerebia scanda scanda Callerebia kalinda kalindaCallerebia nirmala nirmala Callerebia hybrida Callerebia annada caeca Hipparchia parisatis shiva Hipparchia heu.huebneriDallacha Hyagriva Ypthima sakra nikaea Ypthima nareda naredaYpthima asterope mahrattaYpthima ceylonica kasmira Ypthima lisandra avantaYpthima indecora Ypthima baldus baldusMelanitis phedima galkissa Melanitis zitenius zitenius Melanitis leda ismene

Family : NymphalidaeSephisa dichroaDiagora persimilis Diagora nicevilleiDilipa morgianaDicharragia nesimachus Euthalia garudaEuthalia lubetinaHestina nama Junonia hierta Junonia orithyaJunonia lemonias persicaria Junonia almanaJunonia atlitesLimenitis trivena Melitaea arcesia Stibochiona niceaAuzakia danavaAthyma opalinaAthyma selenophoraAthyma perius Athyma asura Athyma ambicaBassarona patalaCalinaga buddhaCharaxes fabius

Neptis mahendraNeptis hylas astola Neptis verburyiNeptis sankara Neptis anantaNeptis naryana Nymphalis xanthomelas Polyura dolonPseudergolis wedah Spottea hypselis Symbrenthia hippoclus Symbrenthia niphandaCyrestis thyodamas Hypolimnas bolinaHypolimnas misippus Kallima inachusAriadne merionePrecis hierta Precis orithyaPrecis lemoniasPrecis almana Precis atlites Precis iphita Cynthia carduiVanessa indicaVanessa egea cognataKaniska canace Aglais cashmirensis Aglais urticae Aglais ladakensis Argyreus hyperbiusChildrena childreni Fabriciana kamalaIssoria lathonia Phalanta phalanthaAriadne merione

Family : AcraeidaeAcraea issoria anomala Acraea violae

Family : ErycinidaeAbisara echerius Libythea myrrha Libythea lepitaDodona dipoeaDodona eugenesDodona durga

Family : LycaenidaeAcytolepis puspa gisca Aricia agestis narira Albulina galatheaCelastrina ladonidas gigasCelastrina argiolus jynteanaChilades laius Chaetoprocta odataChrysozephyrus ataxus Chrysozephyrus birupa

Chrysozephyrus syla Creon eleobis Curetis acuta dentate Everes hugelii indicaEveres hugelii dipora Everes argiades diporides Everes lecturnus syntala Castalius rosimon Euasopa milionia Euasopa zihaEsakiozephyris icana Esakiozephyris bieti Freyaria trochilusFreyeria putli Glaucopsyche aeruginosa Heliophorus sena Heliophorus bakeri Heliophorus androcles Heliophorus oda Horaga onyx Horaga violaIraota timoleonJamides bochus Lampides boeticus Leptotes pliniusPseudozizeeria maha Euchrysops cnejusEuchysops pandavaCatochrysops strabo Spindasis vulcanus Spindasis lilacinusSpindasis elima Spindasis nipalicusSpindasis ictis Strymon sassanidesSurendra vivarana Tajuria diaeusTajuria cippus Tarucus venosus Tarucus callinara Tarucus nara Tarucus balcanica nigraThecla ziha Udara albocoeruleaUdara cardia dilecta Virachola isocrates Virachola perseZizeeria karsandra Zizula gaika Zizula otis Rapala manea schistacea Rapala veruna grisea Rapala nissa Rapala selira Rapala extensa Rapala iarbis sorya Sinthusa chandrana

Sinthusa nasakaLycaena phlaeasLycaena kasyapa Lycaena pavanaNarathura centaurus Narathura dodoneaNarathura ramaOreolyce cardhanaPanchala ganesaPanchala alemonPhilotes vicrama Polyommatus eros Prosotis noraPratapa ictis

Family : HesperiidaeAchalarus bifasciatus casyapa Aeromachus stigma Badamia exclamationis Bibasis jaina Bibasis sena Tagiades menaka Tagiades menaka Taractrocera danna

Taractrocera maevius Telicota oharajjaUdaspes folius Udaspes adrastus Coladenia danCaprona ransonnetti Sarangesa dasaharaSarangesa purendraSpialia galbaSuastus gremiusPelopidas mathiasPelopidas assanmensisPelopidas conjunctaPelopidas sinensisPolytremis eltolaBorbo cinnaraBorbo cinnaraCelaenorrhinus leucocera Choaspes benjaminii Hesperia alpina Ismene aedipodea aeginaOdontoptilum angulataParnara guttatusUdaspes folus

ii) Heterocera (Moths)

Systematic List

Family : GeomatridaeSubfamily : Geomatrinae

Agathia lycaenaria lycaenaria Agathia hilarata hilarataTanaorhinus recipr. reciprocataNixochlora vittata vittataOrnithospila avicu. aviculariaOmphacodes directa Cacochloris uvidula Geometra flavifrontaria

Chloroglyphia variegata Mixocera allbilineata Hemistola detracta Hemistola loxaria Thetida pallidmarginataThetidia radiataCosmostola multimaculataHeterochroma cristata cristata Eucyclodes gavissima gavissima Pingasa p. pseudoterpnaria

Pingasa ruginaria ruginariaLephophelma e. erionoma Comibaena cassidaraComibaena subhyalinaRhomborista devaxata Spaniocentra megaspilaria Neromia carnifrons carnifrons Episothalma robustaria Hemithea ochrolauta Hemithea marinaHemithea himachalensis Hemithea aquamarina Pelagodes falsariaChlorissa p. pretiosariaChlorissa albifasciata Maxates goniaria Maxates fuscipalpaIdiochlora pudentofimbriaIdiochlora mundariaProtuliocnemis c. castalaria

Subfamily : SterrhinaeTraminda m. mundissimaProblepsis albidor albidorProblepsis vulgaris Problepsis deliaria Chrysocraspeda faganaria Somatina purpurascensSomatina anthophilataSomatina omicrariaAntitrygodes cuneilinea Rhodostrophia herbicolens Rhodostrophia tristrigalis Rhodostrophia stigmaticus Timandra correspondensTimandra convectaria convectaria Chrysocraspeda oleria oleria Scopula nigrifronsScopula stigmataScopula monosemaScopula emissaria emissaria Scopula k. kashmirensis Scopula butyrosaScopula pulverosaScopula pallidaScopula niveus Scopula atriceps Scopula attentata attentataScopula caesaria caesaria Scopula ochripennisScopula straminicostalis Scopula humilisScopula fibulataScopula cleoraria cleoraria Scopula addictoriaScopula m. moorei Scopula p. pulchellataIdaea l. leucozona

Idaea ptyonopodaIdaea protensaIdaea delicatulaIdaea infortunataIdaea grisescensIdaea humerariaIdaea fuscolineataIdaea actiosariaLophopleps t. triangularisZygophyxia relictata

Subfamily : DesmobasthrinaeOzola microniaria

Subfamily : EnnominaePeratophyga hyalinata hyalinataLomographa distans Ascotis imprata Ascotis s. selenariaHypomesis infixariaScardamia metallaria Scardamia easwarammaeIsturgia disputariaSemiothisa fumosaLigdia coctataHyperythra lutea Heterolocha phaenicotaeniataHeterolocha bilineata Heterolocha subtessellata Heterolocha marginata Heterostegane urbica urbicaHeterosteganeZeheba lucidataPseudopanthera himaleyica Sirinopteryx ablunata Synegia camptogrammariaAbraxas intermedia Abraxas leopradinaAbraxas martaria AbraxasOurapteryx picticaudataOurapteryx ebuleata ebuleata Thinopteryx crocoptera crocoptera Chiasmia pluviata pluviataChiasmia fidoniata Chiasmia azataria Chiasmia eleonora eleonoraChiasmia xanthonoraChiasmia perfusaria Chiasmia frugaliataOxymacaria t. temeraria Abaciscus atmala atmala Corymica specularia specularia Corymica arnearia Odontopera lentiginosariaOdontopera obliquariaOdontopera angulariaErebomorpha fulguraria fulguraria

Biston suppressaria suppressaria Zamarada baliataAmraicaHyposidra talaca successariaHyposidra talaca talaca Astygisa vaxillaria Petelia medardaria Luxiaria amasa amasa Eutoea h. heteroneurataAnonychia grisea Alcis semialbaAlcis variegata variegata Psilalsis inceptaria Ectropis c. crespusculariaDasyboarmia delineata Menophra subplagiataPhthonandria a. atrilineataChorodra pulverulenta Lassaba albidaria albidariaGnophus tephrosiariaGnophus accipitrariaCtenognophos eolaria eolariaPeratostega deletaria deletaria Leptomiza calcearia calceariaOpthalmitis herbidariaPercnia felinaria Antoparcnia belluaria belluariaOurapteryx convergensBiston betularia coagnatariaMinomiza cruentaria cruentaria Plutodes costatus Plutodes transmutataOpisthograptis lolleri Psyra spurcataria

Subfamily : LarentiinaePhotoscotosia m. moniosataTriphosa dubiosataCataclysme c. conturbataCidariaLaciniodes plurilinearia

Heterothera consimilis Horisme plurilineata DociravaDocirava aequilineata PomasiaEupithecia rajata Chalyboclydon marginata

Family : SphingidaeMeganoton analisPsilogramma menephronPolyptychus trilineatusNephele didymaHippotion celerioTheretra alectoTheretra nessusTheretra oldenlandie

Family : ArctiidaeArgina argusCreatonotus transiensZadadra distortaStrysopha torticoidesCyana gelidaCyana puellaHypsa ficusAsota caricae

Family : NoctiudaeAnura tirhacaFodina pallulaIschyia manliaSpirama retortaChrysodeixiz eriosomaPsimada quadripennis

Family : PyralidaeBotyodes asialisNausinoe pueritiaTerastia egialealisMaruca testulalis

POLLINATORS

et al.,

et al.

Apis, Halicus Eristalis Bombus

Ceratina Xylocopa, Andrena, Episyrphus. Metasyrpus, Orthellia

Musca

et al.

et al.

Systematic list

Order : Hymenoptera Family: Apidae

. Apis cerana

. Apis mellifera Apis dorsata

Family: Bombidae Bombus tunicatus B.haemorrhoidalisBombus

Family: VespidaeVespa mandarinaVespa velutina Vespa flaviceps

Vespa magnifica Vespa auraria VespaPolistes maculipennisPolistes

Family: Halictidae Halictus dasygaster Halictus

Family: Andrenidae Andrena

Family: XylocopidaeXylocopa fenestrata

Family: Formicidae Camponotus

Holocomyrmex

Family: Ceretinidae Ceratina hieroglyphica

Family: Tenthridinidae Athalia

Family : Ichneumonidae Fileantha

Family: Scoliidae Elis thoracica

Order: Diptera Family: Syrphidae

Eristalis tenaxEristalis himalayaensis Eristalis cerealisE. angustimarginalis

Eristalis arvorumEristalisMetasyrphusMacrosyrphusEpisyrphus balteatus

34. Episyrphus . Scaeva opimius. Scaeva

MelanostomaSyrphus

Family: Muscidae Musca domestica

Musca Fannia domestica

Orthelia

Family: Cordyluridae Scathophaga stereoraria

Family: Calliphoridae Calliphora vicina

. Lucilia

Family: Sepsidae Sepsis

Family: Asilidae Promachus

Family: DolichopodidaeDolichopus

Order : LepidopteraFamily: Pieridae

Pieris canidia PierisDelias

Gonepteryx rhamni

Family: Nymphalidae Pyrameis indica Vanessa canceVanessa

Neptis

Family: Noctuidae HeliothisPlusiaAgrotis flammatraAgrotis

Family: Lycaenidae Heodes Heliophorus

Family: ZyganidaeZyganea

Order: ColeopteraFamily: Coccinellidae

Coccinella septumpunctata. Coccinella

Family: Chrysomelidae Altica

Order : Hemiptera

Family :Cixiidae Nysius Adolenda typicaic

Order :Thysanoptera Family: Thripidae

Thrips

MOLLUSCA

Systematic List

Class : GastropodaOrder : MesogastropodaFamily : Viviparidae

Bellamya bengalensis f. typica2. Bellamya b. f. mandiensis

Bellamya dissimilis

Family : CyclophoridaeAlycaeus strangulatusDiplomatina follicula

Family : BithyniidaeDigoniostoma cerameopoma Digoniostoma pulchella

Family : Thiaridae Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculataPaludomus tanschuaricus

Order : BassommatophoraFamily : Lymnaeidae

Lymnaea (Pseudoscuccinae) acuminata f.typica

BLymnaea (P.) acuminata f. rufescensLymnaea (P.) luteola f. australis

Lymnaea (P.) luteola f. ovalisLymnaea (Galba) andersonianaLymnaea (Radix) auriculariaLymnaea (Radix) persica Lymnaea (Radix) stagnalis

Family : PlanorbiaeGyraulus convexiuxulus Gyraulus labiatusIndoplanorbis exustus

Order : StylommatophoraFamily : Pupillidae

Bifidaria huttonianaOrcula (Sphy.) himalayanumPupilla guttaPyramidula humilis

Family : BradybaenidaeBradybaena radicicolaPlectropis huttoni

Family : ValloniidaeVallonia ladakensis

Family : EnidaeCerastus segregatusEna (Serina) kuluensisEna (Subzebrinus) arcuataEna (Subzebrinus) boysianaEna (Subzebrinus) eremita Ena (Subzebrinus) sindica Ena (Subzebrinus) vibex

Family : ClausiliidaePhaedusa cylindrica

Family : ArionidaeAnadenus altivagusAnadenus dalhousiensisAnadenus schlagintweiti

Family : SubulinidaeAllopeas gracileCaecilioides balanus Coilostele scalarisGlessula paupercula Glessula tornensis Subulina octona

ensonia jacquemontiBensonia monticolaBensonia theobaldianaBensonia angelicaBensonia convexa Kaliella bhasiniKaliella bullulaKaliella fastigiataKaliella nana Khasiella chloroplax Khasiella hyba Euaustenia cassidaEuaustenia theobaldiMacrochlamys glauca Macrochlamys kuluensis Macrochlamys nuda Macrochlamys planuscula Macrochlamys vesiculaGirasia dalhousiaeSyama splendensSyama prona

Family : SuccineidaeSuccinea crassinulea

Family : StreptaxidaeGulella bicolor

Family : LimacidaeKasperia

Class : Bivalvia Order : UnionidaFamily : Unionidae

Parreysia (P.) favidens

Order : VeneroidaFamily : Pisidiidae

Sphaerium (S.) indicum

Family : CorbiculidaeCorbicula striatella

VERTEBRATES

PISCES

et al.

et al.

Systematic List

Class : ActinopterygiiOrder : OsteoglosiiformesFamily : Notopteridae

Notopterus notopterus Chitala chaitala

Order : CypriniformesFamily : Cyprinidae

Barilius barilaBarilius barna Barilius bendelisisBarilius modestus Barilius shacra Barilius vagraRaiamas bolaBrachydanio rerioRasbora daniconiusDanio devarioTor putitoraTor torTor chelynoides Tor mosal Carassius auratus Crassius crassiusCatla catla Cirrhinus reba Cirrhinus mrigala Crossocheilus latus latus Crossocheilis l. diplocheilus

Cyprinus carpio communisCyprinus carpio specularis Cyprinus carpio nudusGara gotyla gotylaGarra lamta Ctenopharyngodon idellusLabeo bataLabeo bogaLabeo calbasuLabeo dero Labeo dycocheilus dycocheilusLabeo pangusiaLabeo rohitaLabeo goniusNeolissochilus hexagonolopsisOsteobrama cotio cotio Esomus danricusPuntius phutunioPuntius cholaPuntius conchoniusPuntius tictoPuntius sarana sarana Puntiuis sophore Puntius waagenii Puntius tetrarpagusPuntius stigmaPuntius punjabensisSlamostoma bacaila

Chagunius chagunioSchizothorax richardsonii Diptus maculatus Hypophthalmichthyes molitrix

Family : CobiitidaeBotia birdiBotia dayi Botia dario Botia lochachata Botia geto Lepidocephalus guntea Noemacheilus botiaNoemacheilus carletoni Noemacheilus corica Noemacheilus horai Noemacheilus himachalensis Noemacheilus montanus Noemacheilus punjabensisNoemacheilus rupecolaNoemacheilus nilgiriensis Triplophysa stoliczkae

Order : SiluriformesFamily : Amblycipitidae

Amblyceps mongois

Family : BagridaeMystus bleekriMystus vittatus Aorichthys aor Aorichthys seenghala

Family : SiluridaeWallago attu

Family : ClariidaeClarias batrachus

Family : SchibeidaeClupisoma garua

Family : SisoridaeBagarius bagariusGlyptothorax brevipinnus

Glyptothorax c. conirostrae Glyptothorax garhwali Glyptothorax gracile GlyptothoraxkashmirensisGlyptothorax pectinopterus Glyptothorax stoliczke Glyptothorax dakpathri Gyptosternon reticulatum Pseudecheneis sulcatus

Order : OrderFamily : Salmonidae

Salmo gardnerii gardnerii Salmo trutto fabrio

Order : BeloniformesFamily : Belonidae

Xenentodon cancila

Order : ChanniformesFamily : Channidae

Channa gachuaChanna maruliusChanna orientalisChanna punctatusChanna striatus

Family : CentropomidaePseudambasis baculis

Family : GobidaeGlossogobius giuris

Family : HeteropneustidaeHeteropneustes fossilis

Order : PerciformesFamily : Nandidae

Badius badis

Order : SynbranchiformesFamily : Mastacembelidae

Mastacembelus armatusMacrognathus pancalus

AMPHIBIA

et al

et al.

Pseudopidalea latastii Bufo viridis

Scutiger occidentalis

Systematic List

Family : RanidaeRana cyanophlyctisRana limnocharisRana tigerinaRana (Tomopterna) brevicepsRana (Paa) minicaRana (Paa) liebigiiRana (Paa) viciniaAmolops afgahanusAmolops himalayanus

Family : RhacophoridaePolypedates maculates

Family : BufonidaeBufo melanistictusBufo stomaticusBufo andersoniiBufo himalayanusBufo viridis

Family : MicrophylidaeMicrohyla ornataUperodon systoma

REPTILIA

et al.

et al.

et al.

et al. et al.

et al.,

Ophisops jerdoni Eurylepis taeniolatus

Melanochelys trijuga indopeninsularis

et al., Laudakia

tuberculata

Systematic List

Order : TestudinesFamily : Emydidae

Kachuga kachuga

Family : GekkonidaeHemidactylus brookiHemidactylus flaviviridus

Family : AgamidaeAgama tuberculataCalotes versicolor

Family : Varanidae Varanus bengalensisVaranus flavescens

Family : ScincidaeMabuya carinataRiopa punctata

Order : SerpentesFamily : Typhlopidae

Typhlops porrectus

Family : ViperidaeVipera russelliEchis carinatusAgkistrodon himalayanus

Family : ColubridaePtyas mucosus

AVES

Critically Threatened Birds in India

Aythya baeri

Leucogeranus leucogeranus

Eurynorhynchus pygmeus

Ardea insignis

Houbaropsis bengalensis

Ardeotis nigriceps

Rhinoptilus bitorquatus

Vanellus gregarius

Heteroglaux blewitti

Gyps indicus

Sarcogyps calvus

Gyps tenuirostris

Gyps bengalensis

Ophrysia superciliosa

Rhodonessa caryophyllacea

et al.

et al.

et al.

et al. et al

et al. et al.

et al. et al.

et al.

Systematic List

PODICIPEDIDAE

Tachybaptus ruficollisPodiceps grisegenaPodiceps cristatus Podiceps nigricollis

PHALACROCORACIDAE

Phalacrocorax nigerPhalacrocorax fuscicollisPhalacrocorax carbo

ANHINGIDAE

Anhinga melanogasterARDEIDAE

Egretta garzetta Ardea cinereaArdea purpurea Casmerodius albus Mesophoyx intermedia Bubulcus ibis Ardeola grayii Butorides striatus Nycticorax nycticorax

Ixobrychus sinensis

Ixobrychus cinnamomeusDupetor flavicollis

CICONIIDAE

Mycteria leucocephalaCiconia nigra Ciconia episcopusEphippiorhynchus asiaticus

THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Pseudibis papillosaPlatalea leucorodia

ANATIDAE

Dendrocygna javanicaAnser albifrons Anser anserAnser indicusTadorna ferruginea Tadorna tadorna Anas streperaAnas PenelopeAnas platyrhynchos Anas poecilorhyncha Anas clypeataAnas acuta

Anas querquedula Anas creccaRhodonessa rufina Aythya farinaAythya nyrocaAythya fuligulaAythya marilaMergus merganser

ACCIPITRIDAE

Pernis ptilorhyncusElanus caeruleusMilvus migrans Haliastur indus Haliaeetus leucoryphusHaliaeetus albicillaIchthyophaga humilisGypaetus barbatusNeophron percnopterusGyps bengalensis Gyps tenuirostrisGyps himalayensisGyps fulvus Aegypius monachus Sarcogyps calvusCircaetus gallicus Spilornis cheelaCircus aeruginosusCircus melanoleucos Circus macrourus Accipiter trivirgatus Accipiter badiusAccipiter virgatus Accipiter nisus Accipiter gentilesButastur teesa Buteo buteoButeo rufinus Buteo hemilasiusIctinaetus malayensisAquila pomarina Aquila clangaAquila chrysaetosAquila rapax Aquila nipalensis Aquila heliacaHieraaetus fasciatusHieraaetus pennatusSpizaetus cirrhatus Spizaetus nipalensis

PANDIONIDAE

Pandion haliaetusFALCONIDAE

Falco naumanni Falco tinnunculusFalco chicqueraFalco amurensis Falco subbuteoFalco severusFalco juggerFalco cherrugFalco peregrinus

PHASIANIDAE

Lerwa lerwaTetraogallus tibetanusTetraogallus himalayensis

Alectoris chukarFrancolinus francolinus Francolinus pondicerianusPerdix hodgsoniae

Coturnix coturnixCoturnix coromandelicaCoturnix chinensisPerdicula asiatica Arborophila torqueolaTragopan melanocephalus Pucrasia macrolopha Lophophorus impejanus Gallus gallus Lophura leucomelanosCatreus wallichiiPavo cristatus

TURNICIDAE

Turnix sylvaticaTurnix tankiTurnix suscitator

GRUIDAE

Grus antigone RALLIDAE

Rallus aquaticusAmaurornis akool Amaurornis phoenicurus

Porzana pusilla Porzana fusca Gallicrex cinereaPorphyrio porphyrioGallinula chloropusFulica atra

JACANIDAE

Hydrophasianus chirurgus

ROSTRATULIDAE

Rostratula benghalensisHAEMATOPIDAE

Haematopus ostralegus CHARADRIIDAE

Pluvialis apricaria Pluvialis fulvaPluvialis squatarolaCharadrius hiaticula Charadrius dubius Charadrius alexandrinus Charadrius mongolusCharadrius leschenaultii Vanellus vanellusVanellus malarbaricus Vanellus duvaucelii Vanellus indicus Vanellus gregarious Vanellus leucurus

SCOLOPACIDAE

Scolopax rusticolaGallinago solitariaGallinago nemoricolaGallinago stenura Gallinago gallinagoLymnocryptes minimusLimosa limosa Numenius arquata Tringa erythropus Tringa tetanus Tringa stagnatilisTringa nebularia Tringa ochropus Tringa glareola Xenus cinereus Actitis hypoleucosCalidris minuta Calidris temminckii

Calidris alpineCalidris ferrugineaPhilomachus pugnax

RECURVIROSTRIDAE

Ibidorhyncha struthersiiHimantopus himantopus Recurvirostra avosetta

PHALAROPOPIDAE

Phalaropus lobatusBURHINIDAE

Burhinus oedicnemusEsacus recurvirostris

GLAREOLIDAE

Glareola maldivarum Glareola lacteal

LARIDAE

Larus heuglini Larus cachinnansLarus ichthyaetusLarus brunnicephalus Larus ridibundus Larus minitus Sterna aurantiaSterna hirundo Sterna acuticauda

RYNCHOPIDAE

Rynchops albicollisPTEROCLIDIDAE

Syrrhaptes tibetanusPterocles exustusPterocles senegallus

COLUMBIDAE

Columba livia Columba eversmanni Columba rupestrisColumba leuconotaColumba palumbus Columba hodgsonii Columba pulchricollisStreptopelia orientalis Streptopelia senegalensisStreptopelia chinensis Streptopelia tranquebarica Streptopelia decaoctoMacropygia unchallChalcophaps indicaTreron phoenicoptera

Treron sphenuraPSITTACIDAE

Psittacula eupatriaPsittacula krameri Psittacula himalayanaPsittacula cyanocephala

CUCULIDAE

Clamator jacobinusHierococcyx sparverioides Hierococcyx variusCuculus micropterusCuculus canorusCuculus saturatus Cuculus poliocephalus Cacomantis merulinus

Surniculus lugubrisEudynamys scolopacea Phaenicophaeus leschenaultiiCentropus sinensis

TYTONIDAE

Tyto albaSTRIGIDAE

Otus spilocephalusOtus sunia Otus bakkamoenaOtus scops Bubo bubo Ketupa zeylonensisKetupa flavipes Glaucidium cuculoidesGlaucidium radiatum Athene brama Asio otus

CAPRIMULGIDAE

Caprimulgus indicus Caprimulgus macrurus Caprimulgus asiaticus Caprimulgus affinis

APODIDAE

Collocalia brevirostrisZoonavena sylvaticaHirundapus caudacutus Tachymarptis melba Apus apus Apus pacificus Apus affinis

ALCEDINIDAE

Alcedo atthis Halcyon smyrnensis Megaceryle lugubrisCeryle rudis

MEROPIDAE

Nyctyornis athertoniMerops apiasterMerops orientalis Merops persicusMerops philippinusMerops leschenaulti

CORACIDAE

Coracias garrulous Coracias benghalensis

UPUPIDAE

Upupa epops BUCEROTIDAE

Ocyceros birostrisCAPITONIDAE

Megalaima virens Megalaima zeylanica Megalaima lineateMegalaima asiaticaMegalaima haemacephala

INDICATORIDAE

Indicator xanthonotus

PICIDAE

Jynx torquilla Picumnus innominatusDendrocopos canicapillus

Dendrocapus nanus

Dendrocopos auriceps

Dendrocopos macei

Dendrocopos mahrattensis

Dendrocopos hyperythrus

Dendrocopos himalayensis

Picus chlorolophusPicus flavinuchaPicus xanthopygaeusPicus squamatusPicus canus Dinopium shorii Dinopium benghalense

Chrysocolaptes lucidus Mulleripicus pulverulentus

PITTIDAE

Pitta sordida Pitta brachyuran

ALAUDIDAE

Mirafra cantillansMirafra assamicaMirafra erythropteraEremopterix grisea

Melanocorypha bimaculataCalandrella brachydactyla

Calandrella acutirostris

Calandrella raytal Galerida cristataAlauda arvensis Alauda gulgulaEremophila alpestris

HIRUNDINIDAE

Riparia ripariaRiparia dilutaRiparia paludicolaHirundo rupestris Hirundo concolorHirundo rustica Hirundo smithii Hirundo dauricaHirundo fluvicola Delichon urbicaDelichon dasypus

MOTACILLIDAE

Dendronanthus indicus Motacilla albaMotacilla maderaspatensis

Motacilla citreolaMotacilla flavaMotacilla cinereaAnthus richardi Anthus rufulus Anthus campestrisAnthus godlewskii Anthus similesAnthus sylvanus Anthus trivialisAnthus hodgsoni Anthus cervinus Anthus roseatus Anthus spinoletta

CAMPEPHAGIDAE

Tephrodornis pondicerianus

Coracina maceiCoracina melaschistos

Coracina melanoptera

Pericrocotus roseus Pericrocotus divaricatus Pericrocotus cinnamomeusPericrocotus erythropygius

Pericrocotus ethologusPericrocotus flammeusHemipus picatus

PYCNONOTIDAE

Pycnonotus melanicterus Pycnonotus jocosusPycnonotus leucogenysPycnonotus cafer Hypsipetes mcclellandii Hypsipetes leucocephalus

IRENIDAE

Aegithina tiphiaIrena puella Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropsis hardwickii

LANIIDAE

Lanius isabellinusLanius cristatus Lanius vittatusLanius schach Lanius tephronotus Lanius meridionalis

CINCLIDAE

Cinclus cinclus Cinclus pallasii

TROGLODYTIDAE

Troglodytes troglodytesPRUNELLIDAE

Prunella collaris Prunella himalayanaPrunella rubeculoides Prunella strophiata Prunella fulvescens Prunella atrogularis

MUSCICAPIDAE: Turdinae Monticola cinclorhynchus

Monticola rufiventris

Monticola solitariesMyophonus caeruleusZoothera wardii Zoothera citrinaZoothera mollissima Zoothera dixoniZoothera dauma Zoothera monticola Turdus unicolor Turdus albocinctus Turdus boulboul Turdus merula Turdus rubrocanusTurdus ruficollisTurdus pilaris Turdus viscivorusBrachypteryx montana

Luscinia calliopeLuscinia pectoralisLuscinia svecicaLuscinia brunnea Tarsiger cyanurus Tarsiger chrysaeusCopsychus saularis

Copsychus malabaricusSaxicoloides fulicataPhoenicurus erythronota

Phoenicurus coeruleocephalus

Phoenicurus ochrurosPhoenicurus erythrogaster

Phoenicurus frontalis Chaimarrornis leucocephalus

Rhyacornis fuliginosus

Hodgsonius phaenicuroides

Myiomela leucuraGrandala coelicolor Enicurus scouleri Enicurus immaculatusEnicurus maculatesCochoa purpurea Saxicola torquata Saxicola leucuraSaxicola caprataSaxicola ferrea Cercomela fuscaOenanthe oenantheOenanthe picataOenanthe pleschankaOenanthe xanthoprymna

Oenanthe desertiOenanthe isabellina

TimalinaeGarrulax albogularis

Garrulax leucolophus

Garrulax striatus Garrulax rufogularis

Garrulax lineatusGarrulax variegatesGarrulax erythrocephalus

Pellorneum ruficepsPomatorhinus erythrogenys

Pomatorhinus schisticeps

Pnoepyga albiventer

Pnoepyga immaculate Stachyris pyrrhopsDumetia hyperythra Macronous gularisChrysomma sinenseTurdoides caudatusTurdoides earlei Turdoides malcolmiTurdoides striatus Leiothrix argentauri Leiothrix luteaPteruthius flaviscapis

Pteruthius xanthochlorusMinla cyanouropteraMinla strigulaAlcippe vinipectus

Heterophasia capistrataYuhina flavicollis

SylviinaeRegulus regulusCisticola juncidisPrinia crinigera Prinia buchananiPrinia hodgsonii Prinia flaviventrisPrinia burnesiiPrinia sylvaticaPrinia socialisPrinia inornataTesia castaneocoronataCettia fortipesCettia flavolivaceaCettia brunnifronsLocustella naevia Acrocephalus agricolaAcrocephalus dumetorumAcrocephalus orinus Acrocephalus stentoreus

Acrocephalus melanopogon

Hippolais caligataOrthotomus sutorius Leptopoecile sophiae Phylloscopus collybitaPhylloscopus sindianusPhylloscopus fuscatusPhylloscopus fuligiventer Phylloscopus affinis Phylloscopus griseolus Phylloscopus pulcherPhylloscopus maculipennis

Phylloscopus chloronotus

Phylloscopus subviridis Phylloscopus humeiPhylloscopus trochiloidesPhylloscopus magnirostris

Phylloscopus tytleri Phylloscopus occipitalis

Phylloscopus reguloides Phylloscopus neglectus Phylloscopus inornatus

Seicercus xanthoschistosSeicercus burkii

Megalurus palustrisSylvia communisSylvia currucaSylvia althaeaSylvia nanaSylvia hortensis Bradypterus thoracicus

MuscicapinaeMuscicapa striataMuscicapa sibiricaMuscicapa dauuricaMuscicapa ruficauda Ficedula strophiata Ficedula parvaFicedula subrubra

Ficedula westermanniFicedula superciliarisFicedula tricolourEumyias thalassina Niltava sundara Cyornis unicolorCyornis rubeculoides Cyornis tickelliaeCulicicapa ceylonensis

MonarchinaeHypothymis azurea Terpsiphone paradisi

RhipidurinaeRhipidura hypoxanthaRhipidura albicollisRhipidura aureola

AEGITHALIDAE

Aegithalos leucogenysAegithalos concinnusAegithalos niveogularis

REMIZIDAE

Cephalopyrus flammiceps PARIDAE

Parus rufonuchalisParus rubidiventrisParus melanolophusParus dichrous Parus major Parus monticolusParus xanthogenysSylviparus modestus

SITTIDAE

Sitta cashmirensis Sitta castaneaSitta himalayensisSitta leucopsisSitta frontalisTichodroma muraria

CERTHIIDAE

Certhia familiarisCerthia himalayana

DICAEIDAE

Dicaeum agileDicaeum erythrorynchos

Dicaeum ignipectusNECTARINIIDAE

Nectarinia asiaticaAethopyga gouldiaeAethopyga nipalensisAethopyga siparajaAethopyga ignicaudaArachnothera magna

ZOSTEROPIDAE

Zosterops palpebrosus EMBERIZIDAE: Emberizinae

Melophus lathamiEmberiza leucocephalosEmberiza ciaEmberiza citronellaEmberiza buchananiEmberiza stewartiEmberiza striolata Emberiza fucataEmberiza pusillaEmberiza melanocephalaEmberiza schoeniclus Emberiza bruniceps

FRINGILLIDAE

Fringilla coelebsFringilla montifringillaSerinus pusillus Carduelis spinoides

Carduelis spinus Carduelis carduelisCarduelis flavirostrisCarduelis cannabinaCallacanthis burtoni Loxia curvirostra Leucosticte nemoricolaLeucosticte brandtiCarpodacus nipalensis Carpodacus erythrinus Carpodacus pulcherrimus Carpodacus rodochrous Carpodacus rodopeplus Carpodacus thura Carpodacus rhodochlamys

Carpodacus rubicilloidesCarpodacus rubicillaCarpodacus puniceus Pyrrhula nipalensisPyrrhula aurantiaca Pyrrhula erythrocephalaMycerobas icterioides

Mycerobas affinisMycerobas melanozanthos

Mycerobas carnipes Pyrrhoplectes epauletteAmandava amandavaLonchura malabarica Lonchura punctulata

PASSERIDAE: PasserinaePasser domesticus Passer rutilans Passer montanus Petronia xanthocollis

Montifringilla adamsiPyrgilauda davidiana Pyrgilauda blanfordi

PloceinaePloceus philippinus Ploceus benghalensis Ploceus manjar

STURNIDAE

Saroglossa spiloptera Sturnus malabaricusSturnus pagodarum Sturnus roseus Sturnus vulgarisb Sturnus contra Acridotheres tristisAcridotheres ginginianusAcridotheres fuscus

ORIOLIDAE

Oriolus oriolus Oriolus xanthornus Oriolus traillii

DICRURIDAE

Dicrurus macrocercusDicrurus leucophaeusDicrurus caerulescensDicrurus hottentottus

ARTAMIDAE

Artamus fuscus CORVIDAE

Garrulus glandarius Garrulus lanceolatusUrocissa flavirostrisUrocissa erythrorhyncha

Dendrocitta vagabunda

Dendrocitta formosaePica picaNucifraga caryocatactesPyrrhocorax pyrrhocoraxPyrrhocorax graculusCorvus splendensCorvus macrorhynchos Corvus corax

MAMMALIA

et al.

et al.

et al. et al.

et al. et al

et al.

Systematic list

Order: InsectivoraFamily: Soricidae

Soriculus nigrescensCrocidura attenuateSuncus murinusChimarrogale himalayica

Family: Erinaceidae Hemiechinus collarisHemiechinus micropus

Order: PrimatesFamily: Cercopithecidae

Macaca mulatta Semnopithecus entellus

Order: CarnivoraFamily: Canidae

Canis aureusCanis lupusVulpes bengalensisVulpes vulpes Cuon alpines

Family: Herpestidae Herpestes edwardsiiHerpestes javanicus

Family: Viverridae Peguma larvataParadoxuras harmphroditus

Vivvricula indica

Family: Mustellidae Amblonyx cinereusLutra lutraLutrogale perspiciliataMellivora capensisMartes flavigulaMartes foina Mustella alticaMustella kathiaMustella sibirica

Family: UrsidaeUrsus arctos Ursus thibetarus

Family: Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena

Family: Felidae Prionailurus bengalensisPanthera pardusPanthera tigrisFelis chaus Uncia uncia Lynx lynx

Order: Pholidata Family: Manidae

Manis crassicaudata

Order: Perissodactyla Family: Equidae

Equus kiang

Order : ArtiodactylaFamily: Cervidae

Cervus elaphus hangluCeruvs unicolor Axis axisAxis porcinusMuntiacus muntjank

Family: Moschidae Moschus chrysogaster

Family: BovidaeBos grunniensBoselaphus tragocamelusCapra sibiricaHemitragus jemlahicusProcapra picticaudaGazella benetti Naemorhedus goralNaemorhedus sumatrensisOvis omonPseudois nayaur

Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae

Marmota himalayana

Marmota caudate Eupataurus cinereus Hylopetes fimbriatusFunambulus pennantiPetaurista petaurista

Family: Hystricidae Hystrix indicaHystrix brachyuran

Family: Muridae Alticola royleiAlticola blanfordiMicrotus lucurus Apodemus sylvaticus Apodemus rusigesApodemus wardiNosekia indica Hyperacrius fertilis Hyperacrius wynneiPitymys leucurusTatera indicaBandicota bengalensisBandicota indicaGollunda elliotiMillardia meltadaMus boodugaMus musculusMus saxicolaMus cervicolorMus platythrix Niviventer fluviscensNiviventer niviventerCremnomys cutchicusRattus norvegicusRattus rattus Rattus turkestanicusRattus vicerexVandeleuria oleracea

Order : LagomorphaFamily: Leporidae

Lepus nigricollisLepus oiostolus

Family: Ochotonidae Ochotona royleiOchotona ladacensisOchotona macrotis

Chiroptera (Bats)

Vespertilio murinoides

Myotis blythii

Myotis muricola Barbastella

leucomelas Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Scotophilus kuhlii Scotoecus pallidus

Pteropus giganteus

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus, Nyctalus montanus, N. labiatus, Myotis

muricola, M. blythii Pipistrellus coromandra

Myotis formosus M. blythii

Pteropus giganteus

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus Pipistrellus javanicus

Nyctalus noctula

Nyctalus leisleri Myotis mystacinus

Myotis muricola

Plecotus auritus et al. Murina tubinaris

et al.

et al.

et al.

Systematic List

Order : ChiropteraSub-order: MegachiropteraFamily : Pteropodidae

Rousettus leschenaultiPteropus giganteus

Sub-order: MicrochiropteraFamily : Megadermatidae

Megaderma lyra

Family : RhinolophidaeRhinolophus ferrumequinumRhinolophus sinicusRhinolophus affinisRhinolophus luctusRhinolophus lepidus

Family : HipposideridaeHipposideros armiger

Family : VespertilionidaeMiniopterus schreibesrsiiMyotis mystacinusMyotis blythiiMyotis siligorensisMyotis formosusMyotis muricolaPipistrellus tenuisPipistrellus coromandraPipistrellus javanicusPipistrellus dormeriPipistrellus ceylonicus indicusScotophilus kuhliiPlecotus homochrousBarbastella leucomelasScotoecus pallidusNyctalus noctulaNyctalus leisleriNyctalus montanusMurina tubinaris

MAJOR THREATS TO ANIMALS

CONSERVATION MEASURES

LITERATURE CONSULTED

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Cheetal,

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Newsl. Zool. Surv. India,

Indian J. Zootomy,

Faunal Diversity in India et al

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Faunal Diversity in India

Checklist of Mammals of India

Indian Hill Birds

Bird study in India: Its history and its importance

Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan

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Zoology

Animal biodiversity:

patterns and processes

Bufo andersonii. Rec. Indian Mus.

Technologies to maintain biological diversity

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Faunal Diversity in India et al.


Bats of the Indian Subcontinent

The Ecology and Control of Forest Insects of India and the

Neighbouring Countries. .

Introduction to Biodiversity

Important Bird Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation

Birds of Kangra.

A survey of insect and non-insect pests of

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Brassica campestris

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J. Entomol. Res.

Bensonia monticola

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J. Inland Fish. Soc. India,

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Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper,

Rec. Zool. Surv. India

Rec. Indian Mus

Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International

Red Data Book et al.

Fauna of Renuka Wetland

The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma-

Mammalia

Amblyseius ovalis

Bemisia tabaci Progress in Acarology

The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma:

Reptilia and Batrachia.

Rana. Rec. Indian Mus

Bee

World

Rec. Indian Mus.,

Estimation of density from line

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Nemorhaedus goral


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Himalaya


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M.Phil. Dissertation, HP University,

Shimla, India.

Fauna of Western Himalaya

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Poll. Trop

M.Phil. Dissertation, HP University, Shimla, India.

Himachal Pradesh-A perspective

M.Phil. Dissertation. HP University,

Shimla, India.

Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst

The Book of Indian Reptiles

Fauna of Western Himalaya,

Himachal Pradesh.


Mabuya

Journal of Herpetology,

Hamadryad,

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Hamadryad,

Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society

Cnemaspis

Russian Journal of Herpetology,

Cnemaspis

Journal of South Asian Natural History,

Ptychozoon

Zootaxa,

Malus domestica

Ph.D. Thesis, Dr. Y.S. Parmar

University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, H.P. India.


Tricula.

Tricula Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad.

The fishes of India; being a natural history of fishes known to

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The Fauna of British Indian including Ceylon and Burma. Fishes-II.

J. Bombay Nat. Hist.

Soc.

Am. Bee J.

Fish

diversity in protected habitats

Records of Zoological

Survey of India

Vespertilio

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,

Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society

M.Phil. Dissertation. HP University, Shimla, India

Paa

Rana. Bull.

Mus. Natn. Hist. nat.

Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (checklist and bibliography

Mushi.

Science

The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon:

Mammalia, 3 Rodentia.

Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian

Mammals, 3 Rodentia.

Principles of Acarology

The identification of Indian Butterflies

Insect pollinators of crops

Newsletter for Birdwatchers,

Oriental Bird Club Bulletin

Podiceps

grisegena J. Bombay Nat. Hist.

Soc.

WPA Journal,

The Wildlife of Himachal

Pradesh Western Himalayas.

WPA News,

Changing Perspectives of Biodiversity

Status in the Himalaya

Oriental Insect

Handbook on Insect Collection Preservation

and Study

Hemidactylus

Hamadryad,

Hemidactylus

Hemidactylus

Zootaxa,

Hemidactylus Journal

of Herpetology,

Cnemaspis

Zootaxa,

Herpetol. Rev.,

Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond.

Xylophis

Hamadryad,

Quantitative Plant Ecology

Pocket Guide to the Birds of the

Indian Subcontinent

British Journal

of Herpetol

The Reptiles of British India.

Advancements in insect biodiversity

Handbook: Plant Mites of India

Fauna of India (Acari: Mesostigmata) ,

,

Modern Acarology

et al. .

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earth’s living resources

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Fauna of British India: Moths

Fauna of British India: Moths

Indian Birds,

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J. &

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Rec. Indian Mus.,

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Current Science

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IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008

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The freshwater fishes of the Indian region

The Catfishes of India

Mites injurious to economic

plants

International Journal of Environmental Sciences

Pol. J. Ecol.


Soc

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Oligochaeta, Octochaetidae.


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Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and the Maldives

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A manual of Acarology

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Fauna of Western Himalaya (Part 1)


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Indian Bee J.

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Ichthyology, the study of fishes


Indian Insect Life


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Systema Naturae

The Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali

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Pavo,

Pavo,

Zoo’s Print Journal,

Fauna of Renuka Wetland.

Him. J. Env. & Zool.

Hippocampus,

Hemidactylus

Russian Journal of Herpetology,

Calotes kingdonwardi Japalura kaulbacki

Salea kakhienensis

Mictopholis Zootaxa,

M.Phil. Dissertation. HP University, Shimla,

India.

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Management

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Cnemaspis

Zeylanica,

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Hilgardia

The Butterflies of India, Burma and

Ceylon

Pollination

Biology: Environmental Factors and Pollination

Poll. Trop.

Indian Forester

A. cerana

A. mellifera Pest Management and Economic

Zoology

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Himalaya

Apis

Frontier Areas of Entomological Research

Rec. Adv. Biosc. & Ocean

Nature

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.


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Ecosystems

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Fauna of Pin Valley National Park


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Occ. Paper,

Desert Resources and

Technology

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Ph.D. thesis, HP University, Shimla

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Pollination in Tropics.

Indian Bee J.


Proc. Zool. Soc. London

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IOSR Journal of

Pharmacy and Biological Sciences

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Chlorissa Entomon,

Euchloris Uttar Pradesh Journal of

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Geobios New Reports,

Ph.D.

Thesis, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut (U.P.), 364 pp.


Tigerpaper

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Wetland and waterfowl Conservation in south and

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Important Bird Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation


The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma

Endemic Fish Diversity of the Western

Ghats

Fish Biodiversity of North-East India

Echis Molecular Phylogenetics

and Evolution,


Oriental Ins.

A catalogue of mites of India

The Book of Indian Animals

Proc. Symposium on Mollusca,


Pollination Biology: Environmental Factors and

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(Part 2)

Faunal Diversity in India: Mollusca

Athene blewitti

Hiatus, Bird Conservation International

Condor

Planning a Wildlife Protected Area Network

in India

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Faunal Biodiversity of Simbalbara wildlife

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Reptile Rap.,

The Indian Forester,

Journal of Threatened Taxa,


Faunal Diversity in India.

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Records of the Zoological Survey of India


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Bulletin of the

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Hemidactylus porbandarensis

Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India,

Fauna of India and the adjacent countries-Reptilia (Testudines

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International Journal of Plant, Animal and

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The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma.

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whole of the Indo-Chinese sub-region.

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World Catalogue of Dermaptera, Series Entomologica

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Newsletter for

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The Fauna of British India, Butterflies, 2.

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Status of Vultures in Kangra valley of

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Bensonia monticola

Entomologist’s Newl. Divn. Ent. Ind. Agri. Res. Inst.

International Journal of

Advanced Biological Research

Gyps himalayensis American

Journal of Research Communication

Gyps bengalensis Journal of Raptor Research,

International Journal of Science and Nature


Birds of Himachal Pradesh, India

Gyps bengalensis

Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment

Pakistan J. Zool.

International Journal of Advanced Biological Research

Biodiversity and Environment

International Journal of

Advanced Biological Research

Indian Birds

Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences

Annals of Forestry


Himalayan Studies Journal

Annals of Forestry

Cheetal

Zoos’ Print Journal

Ph.D. thesis, Dr. Y.S.

Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, India

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Daboia russelii

The Herpetological Journal,

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Zool. Jb.

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Herpetological

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Global biodiversity assessment

Dendrelaphis tristis Dendrelaphis schokari

Dendrophis chairecacos

The Herpetological Journal,


Oriental

Insects

Current Science

Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce

Journal of Threatened Taxa

Beekeeping in Intergrated Mountain Development

Honeybees in Mountain Agriculture

Indian J. Ecol.

Fruit Crops Pollination

M.Phil. Dissertation. HP

University, Shimla.

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Hemidactylus persicus

Hamadryad,


Scardamia

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Fauna of Western

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himachal pradesh state biodiversity board

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