CENSUS GEOGRAPHY WORKSHOP

Tim McMonagle

Geography

Los Angeles Regional Census Center

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Topics

• Census Geography• Demographic Data• MAF/TIGER Data Base (MTDB)• TIGER/Line Files• Joining TIGER and Demographic Data• Count Question Resolution Program• Future for MTDB? • New American Fact Finder Mapping

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Census Geography

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The Role of Geography in the Decennial Census

• Geography provides the framework for the collection, tabulation, and dissemination of Census Data

• Success of the Census rest not only on collecting data, but also linking data to correct geographic areas

• Anyone using Census Data should have some knowledge of Census Geography

Hierarchy of Census Geography

The Census Block

What is it?- The smallest geographic area defined for data collection and tabulation by the Census Bureau

How is it determined?-Based on the type of features contained in the Census Bureau’s Geographic Database –TIGER

Small Area Census Geography

Urban/ Rural Classification

Urban / Rural

• For the 2010 Census, an urban area will comprise a densely settled core of census tracts and/or census blocks that meet minimum population density requirements, along with adjacent territory containing non-residential urban land uses as well as territory with low population density included to link outlying densely settled territory with the densely settled core.

• The Census Bureau identifies two types of urban areas:

-Urbanized Areas (UAs) of 50,000 or more people

-Urban Clusters (UCs) of at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

• “Rural” encompasses all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area.

Urban / Rural (Urban Areas) – Schedule

• November 22, 2010 – Public comment period ends for proposed criteria published in Federal Register– http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/urbanruralclass.html

• First quarter of 2011 – Final criteria published in Federal Register

• March-December 2011 – delineation • Spring 2012 – Federal Register notice listing final

Urban Areas • April 2012 – Urban/Rural TIGER/Line Shapefiles• October 2012 – SF-1 Urban/Rural Update • Late-2013 – ACS publishes data for 2010 Urban Areas

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Urban / Rural

• Additional information and a link to the Federal Register announcement is at:

http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/2010urbanruralclass.html

Changes in Hawai’i Census Geography for 2010

2010 Census Tract Criteria

New Census Tracts Coding Series9400-9499 Any tract with a majority of population and/or area on Hawaiian Home Lands9800-9899 Special Land Use tracts9900-9999 Water Census Tracts

New Census Designated Places for 2010

• Hawai’i CountyDiscovery Harbour

Waiohinu

• Honolulu CountyEast Honolulu*

Kalaeloa

Kapolei

Ko Olina

Mililani Mauka

Ocean Pointe*

Urban Honolulu*

Waikele

West Loch Estate

• Kauai County

Haena

Wainiha

• Maui County

Keokea

Kula

Launiupoko

Mahinahina*

Makena*

Manele

Olinda

Olowalu

Ualapu’e

Wailea*

Census Statistical Data

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Accessing Demographic Data

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Legacy American Fact Finder

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Census Data Geographically Referenced

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New American Fact Finder

New American Fact Finder Download

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GIS Ready

2010 Census Advance Group Quarters Summary File

Advance Group Quarter Summary File

• An early version of Table P-42 from the 2010 Census Summary File 1, showing seven types of group quarters

• Institutional Group Quarters

- Adult correctional facilities

- Juvenile correctional facilities

- Nursing facilities

- Other institutional facilities

• Non-institutional Group Quarters

- College/University student housing

- Military quarters

- Other non-institutional facilities

• No characteristics of the group quarters are provided.

Advance Group Quarters Summary File (Cont.)

• Early release for use in Redistricting and the Count Question Resolution program.

• Table is only available via the FTP site.• Flat ASCII files by state• Provide Microsoft Access shells to help with

importing and extracting the data.• Link to files and information about the files

at the Redistricting Data Office data site: http://www.census.gov/rdo/data/

2010 Census Geographic Products

TIGER/Line Shapefiles

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MAF/TIGER Data Base (MTDB)

• Replaces and combines Master Address File (MAF) and Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Reference (TIGER) system databases

• Nationwide – not divided by county• Oracle Spatial 10g database

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MAF/TIGER Accuracy Improvement Program

• Aligning the MAF/TIGER database with GIS/Imagery maintained by state/local/tribal partners/federal/private in order to implement more programs in a digital environment

• Improve spatial accuracy to allow the Census to use GPS handheld devices to collect data accurately

• Support the Administrations Geospatial One Stop e- government initiatives, make data publically available

Role of TIGER

• Assignment of location codes to addresses for data collection

• Geographic structure for tabulation and publication

• Cartographic products to support field operations, participant programs, collection and publication

What is TIGER? Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

TIGER ContentStreets and their names

Lakes, streams, and their names

Railroads

Geographic entity boundaries, names, and codes (for governmental units, census tracts, census blocks, etc.)

Housing unit locations

Key geographic locations (for airports, schools, etc.)

ZIP Codes and address ranges (for streets with city-style addresses)

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A “digital map” (geographic data base) of the entire United States, Puerto Rico, and the associated Island Areas

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TIGER Structure

What are TIGER/Line Shapefiles?

• Extracts of selected geographic and cartographic information from MTDB.

• Nationwide coverage• Contains no sensitive data• Are designed for use with GIS• Contains geographic linear, areal, and point features,

including attribute information• Geographic entity boundaries• The legal and statistical areas for which Census

tabulates data

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File Naming ConventionThe name of each file is:

tl_2010_<extent>_<layer>_<ext>• tl- TIGER/Line• 2010- version• extent - 2 digit state FIPS code

- 5 digit state county FIPS code• layer- type of geography or feature

10 at the end = 2010 census geography

00 at the end = 2000 census geography• ext – file extension

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TIGER Release Schedule

Available Layers

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Accessing TIGER/Line Shapefiles

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Select Correct Version of TIGER/Line

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Joining TIGER and Census Statistical Data

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Attribute Tables

Join Function

2010Count Question Resolution

Program

General Program Information

CQR Summary

• Scope• Timing• Challenge Types• Documentation Requirements• Challenges Results

- Successful

-Unsuccessful

Scope• The Census Bureau’s 2010 Census

Count Question Resolution (CQR) Program provides state, local, and tribal officials, or their designated representatives, in the United States and Puerto Rico a process to challenge the census counts of housing units, group quarters, and group Quarter population.

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Scope

• Program will not change Reapportionment, Redistricting, or published counts.

• If as a result of a challenge a correction is required each affected entity will receive a letter certifying a population change and an errata will be posted to our web site.

• The Census Bureau will research and ,if verified, correct the counts for:

-Census Designated Places in Hawaii and Puerto Rico only.

-Hawaiian Home Lands (submitted by a state official).

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Timing

• June 1, 2011- June 1, 2013-Challenges can be submitted

• September 2013 all challenges must be resolved• 2010 Data Available for Review

-Redistrict Data Available

-Advance Group Quarter Population Summary Files Available

-May 2011- Demographic Profiles

-June-Aug 2011- Summary File 1

Challenge Types

• Boundary- a governmental unit believes the Census Bureau has placed a jurisdictional boundary(s) of a functioning governmental unit may be in the wrong location that was legally in effect on January 1, 2010.

• Geocoding- a governmental unit believes that the Census Bureau has placed living quarters in the wrong location, within the wrong census block or larger Census Geography.

• Coverage/Processing- a governmental unit believes that the Census Bureau enumerated specific living quarters during the 2010 Census process, but the living quarters were either incorrectly added or deleted during the processing of the data.

Documentation Requirements

Specify whether the challenge disputes the location of a governmental unit boundary and/or the number of housing units and/or group quarters population and:

• Boundary Disputes: Submit maps with legal boundaries as of January 1, 2010.

• Geocoding Error: Identify the specific geography and include a list of addresses as of April 1, 2010.

• Housing Unit Challenge: Identify the specific geography and include a list of residential addresses as of April 1, 2010.

• Group Quarter Challenge: Identify the specific geography and a complete address list for the GQ unit(s) present on April 1, 2010.

Documentation Required(continued)

• Maps

- Digital submissions using TIGER/Line

-2010 Census PL 94-171 County Block

-2010 Census Block

-Boundary and Annexation Survey

- Must provide a map spot for any challenged housing unit or group quarters.

• Address lists

-Template from Census Web site & others

-City-style

-Non-city-style

Challenge Results

• Successful

-Corrections sent to all affected jurisdictions

-Corrections reflected in the base for post-census population estimates

-Changes updated in the Master Address File/TIGER database

-Changes documented through errata on AFF

Challenge Results

• Unsuccessful

-Census will maintain documentation for future address file update work and no changes to data or geography are made.

-If due to insufficient documentation, challenger is asked to provide more information.

CQR

Information about the program can be found at: http://2010.census.gov/2010census/about/cqr.php

• Count Question Resolution Brochure• FAQ• Federal Register Notice• Address list templates

CQR Contact

Count Question Resolution Program

Decennial Management Division

U.S. Census Bureau

Washington, DC 20233

CQR Branch Phone: 301-763-9329

CQR E-mail: dmd.cqr@census.gov

The Future for TIGER

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Geographic Support System Proposed Initiative :

FY 2011 and Beyond

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The Geographic Support System Initiative

– What is it?• An initiative before Congress to increase our base funding for improving

the addresses in our Master Address File

– Why is it important?• A response to stakeholder and oversight recommendations to update

and maintain our address and spatial data with a special focus on rural areas, group quarters and Puerto Rico

– What does it involve?• An integrated program of improved address coverage, continual spatial

feature updates, and enhanced quality assessment and measurement through partnerships

– Who are the major players?• US Census Bureau with, federal, state, local, tribal, and contractor

partners

Why do we need the GSS Initiative?

• Between 2003 – 2008 we worked with you and other partners to update and improve the positional accuracy of TIGER

• That effort was very success• The MAF/TIGER Accuracy Improvement Project

was a significant investment that we want to build upon

• Now focus is on improving our address coverage and quality and maintaining the spatial data

A Shift in Focus for the 2020 Census

• From a complete address canvassing to a targeted address canvassing– Hinges on establishing an acceptable address

list for each level of government• What defines “acceptable” will be a

partnership collaboration between government partners and the Census Bureau

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• Outside experts delivered 5 reports:– The State and Anticipated Future of Addresses and

Addressing– Identifying the Current State and Anticipated Future

Direction of Potentially Useful Developing Technologies

– Measuring Data Quality– Use of Handheld Computers and the Display/Capture

of Geospatial Data– Researching Address and Spatial Data Digital

Exchange

Ongoing GSS Work

Contracting Research & Development

Ongoing GSS Work

GEO-lead Census Bureau Working Groups

Working groups, comprised of GEO, staff from other Census Bureau divisions (ACQ, ACS, DID, DIR, DMD, DSCMO, DSD, DSSD, FLD, GOVS, NPC, OAES, POP, RDO, TMO), and other federal agencies (USGS, NOAA NGS, USPS) were formed to address specific aspects of the GSS Initiative

GSS Working Groups

– Project and Contract Management

– Policy– Research and

Development– Quality,

Assessments/Evaluations

– Address Coverage and Sources

– Feature Coverage and Sources

– Partnerships– MAF/TIGER

Integration/Linkage– Geocoding– Global Positioning

Systems (GPS)

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Progress of GSS Working Groups

• FY2011 focus is research and development activities

• Working groups are: – Developing standards that reflect our

requirements– Evaluating our current data– Determining how partners will contribute data– Exploiting technology

For the Geographic Support System Initiative to be Successful

• Partners are important– SDC/FSCPE/CIC– Federal, state, local, and tribal governments– Commercial vendors (data providers)

• Working relationships must be:– Least intrusive– Most efficient– Ensure complete and quality data

Tim McMonagle

Geography

Los Angeles Regional Census Center

U. S. Census Bureau

Timothy.william.mcmonagle@census.gov

818-717-6701

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