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10/04/2019 1
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Fuel Combustion as Part of a Sustainable Energy Vision
Presentation to the
Fuel & Energy Research Forum
3rd Annual Meeting
Alf Malmgren,
Senior Combustion and Fuels Engineer
RJM International
Wednesday 10th April 2019
11.30am – 11.50am
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UK Fuel Mix 2018
Fuel
Natural gas Nuclear Coal Other fuels Renewables
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UK Fuel Mix 2018Source: Dept. for BEIS
• 74% is a mix of gas and coal• Coal continues to decline (25% in 2009 to 12%)• Gas continues to increase (46% in 2009 to 63%)• Renewables continue to increase – but slowly• New nuclear is under construction
But clean combustion is also now becoming part of a sustainable energy vision...
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Pre-existing sustainable and low carbonfuel for combustion
• Biomass– Dedicated biomass plants
• Circulating fluidised beds, bubbling fluidised beds, grate fired plants
– Co-firing / converted conventional thermal plant (e.g. Tilbury, Drax, Lynemouth, …)• Among Europe’s largest decarbonisation projects
• Most of fuel sourced from managed forests in North America
• Drax delivers CO2 reductions of around 15 million tonnes per annum
• RJM engineers have been involved in all of them
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Biomass plants in the UK - 2017
• 827MW
• Mix of fuels
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New generation sustainable and low carbonfuels for combustion
• RDF – Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) is produced from various types of
waste such as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), industrial waste or commercial waste.
• SRF– Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) is produced by shredding and
dehydrating solid waste, typically consisting of combustible components of municipal solid waste (MSW) such as; biodegradable waste; food and kitchen waste, green waste and paper.
• SRF Plus– A low carbon energy pellet that is a mix of biogenic material
(wood, paper, cloth) and plastics that cannot be recycled– Consistency, homogeneity, predictability, performance, cost
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What is Solid Recovered Fuel?
Material Identification/Classification
Costas Velis, Env Sci. & Tech., 46(3), 2012
Generally, following groups dominate:• Paper/Cardboard• Hard Plastics• Soft Plastics (thin sheets)• Woody Biomass
Small amounts of key material can be problem
• Batteries
• …
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SRF Plus - a world first application at SUP Uskmouth in Wales
• Conversion of a 363MWe coal-fired plant to fire 100% waste-derived fuel (SRF Plus)
• RJM awarded FEED contract by WSP in November 2018
• Will deliver significantly reduced CO2 emissions and therefore a significant reduction in carbon tax
• Plan is for the power to make “green steel”
“Addresses the global challenge of how to treat waste material in an environmentally-responsible manner and use it to generate low carbon electricity”
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(How) Will it burn?
Challenge: Burn this in a suspension fired boiler
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Pellet samples
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The SRF Plus challenge
• Challenges for using commercially available SRF in a conventional power station
• Developing the fuel/plant to make the fuel useable – challenges across the plant:
– Storage and preparation
– Combustion
– Plant integrity
– Emissions
– Post combustion ash
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Challenges posed by retrofit across the plant
Introducing a new fuel to an existing plant requires an holistic approach
Figure 2: Outline Plant Works Packages
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With fuel change comes project challenges
Materials handling
Safety
Fuel variability & tramp
Milling Size reduction
Combustion of heterogenous
material
De-SOxperformance
Planning heights
for storage
NOx emissions
PAHs, PCBs and Dioxins
Ash disposalAsh behaviour
– slagging & fouling
Waste Incineration
requirements
Boiler Corrosion
Compliance with IED LCP
BREF
RTS
Safety risk with fugitive
dust
Fire and explosion
risk
Capex
Heat Rate
Information to support Permitting
Programme risk
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Any Questions?
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Thank you
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Dr Gerry Riley FIMechE, CEng
Head of Business Development