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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Highlights of Membership Data FY 2014-2015
Denis Gray, Olena Leonchuk, Lindsey McGowen & Tim Michaelis
IUCRC Evaluation Project at
North Carolina State University
July 2016
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Membership Report Data
• 2014-2015 Data • Type of members
• Multiple center members
• Membership Trends Over Time • Overview of factors affecting Membership
• Total membership trends • By member type
• Net Gain/Loss
• Turnover
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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Take Home Message
• Tracking “membership” is important because it may be the most important measure of success for centers and the IUCRC program
• But… • We need to be very careful in interpreting changes in
membership overtime
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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Membership Summary
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Count Percent
Total memberships 1224 100%
Industry: large firms (500 + employees) 632 51.63
Industry: small firms (< 500 employees) 334 27.29
US Government: Federal 137 11.19
US Government: State or local 44 3.59
Non-US Government 5 0.41
Non-Profit 40 3.27
Other 32 2.61
# of organizations with memberships 1 868 --
1. Many firms and agencies maintain more than 1 membership in the I/UCRC program. This count considers a firm or agency with multiple memberships as a single member. For example, the Army holds 20 memberships but is considered a single organization in this count.
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Membership: Organizations with the Most Memberships
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N Memberships Organizations
20 Army, NASA
17 Air Force
16 Boeing
13 Raytheon
12 Northrop Grumman
11 DoE, DoD
9 Intel Corporation, Lockheed Martin, National Security Agency
7 Honeywell, IBM, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Navy
6 GE, Samsung
No new companies on this list
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Membership: Organizations with the Most Memberships Over Time
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1995 2000 2005 2013 2015
N Name N Name N Name N Name N Name
10 Dow Chem. 10 Motorola 17 DoE 28 Army 20 Army, NASA
9 DuPont 9 Army 13 Army 23 Air Force 17 Air Force
8 3M, Motorola, Ford
8 Lucent Tech., DoE 10 Boeing 19 DoE 16 Boeing
7 General Motors
7 Boeing, IBM, Honeywell
8 Intel, Air Force 17 Boeing 13 Lockheed Martin
6 Amoco, Boeing,
Texas Inst.
6 Daimler Chrysler 7 Raytheon, HRL, DoD 13 Lockheed Martin, Raytheon 12 Northrop Grumman
-- -- 5 Ford 6 Honeywell, Navy 12 NASA 11 DoE, DoD
-- -- -- -- 5 Dow Chem., Siemens 9 Intel, GE 9 Intel, Lockheed Martin, NSA
-- -- -- -- -- -- 8 Navy, NSA, Samsung, Texas Instruments
7 Honeywell, IBM, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Navy
5-7 DoD, GM, Honda, Honeywell, IBM, Northrop Grumman, Qualcomm, Nat’l
Inst.
6 GE, Samsung
Dropped:
Dow Chem., DuPont, 3M, GM, Amoco, Texas Inst.,
EPA, Navy
Motorola, Lucent Tech., IBM, Daimler Chrysler, Ford
Dow Chem., HRL, Siemens, GM, Honda, Nat’l Inst, Raytheon
New:
Lucent Tech., IBM, Honeywell, Daimler
Chrysler, DoD
Intel, Air Force, Raytheon, HRL Labs, Dow Chem., Siemens,
Navy
GM, Lockheed Martin, NASA, IBM, GE, NG, NSA, Honda, Qualcomm, NI,
Samsung, Texas Inst.
Increased defense/contractors & large companies
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Understanding Membership Changes Over Time
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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Interpreting Membership Changes Over Time
• Changes in membership numbers over time are influenced by changes at different levels:
• Members: Individual members will leave a center and new members will be added.
• Centers: mature centers will graduate (and their members will be dropped) and new centers will be created (and their members added).
• Sites: Generally speaking, new sites are added to existing centers but not always
• Changes in program total and average can be due to any combination of these factors.
• Totals are particularly unstable
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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Example: 2012 IUCRC System Changes
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54 Centers 161 Sites
1030 Members
2011
57 Centers 168 Sites
1093 Members
2012
Note: Rows are mutually exclusive
Impacts
Level of Change Ctrs Sites Mbrs
CENTERS
In +7 +15 +95
Out -4 -6 -21
SITES
In 3 +3 +20
Out 5 -5 -28
MEMBERS
In 42 0 +203
Out 41 0 -206
No change 2 4 14
NET IMPACT +3 +7 +63
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Industrial Memberships by Year
Total Number of Members
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15
Average Number of Members per Center
0
5
10
15
20
25
87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15
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Increase in total members
at program level
Decline in average
members at center level
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Member Composition 2005-2015*
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
'05 '06 '07 '08* '09* '10* '11* '12* '13* '14* '15*
Large Small Fed State Others^
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*Years Advanced Forestry excluded as a small business outlier: ‘08=36, ‘09=49, ‘10=57, `11=66, ‘12=71, ‘13=77, ’14=86, ‘15=71.
^ Categories comprising Others include: non-profit, non-US gov’t, and other org.
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Member Composition 2005-2015
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
'05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15
Large Small Fed State Others^
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^ Categories comprising Others include: non-profit, non-US gov’t, and other org.
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Membership Variables and Indicators
• Members added: number of members center reports adding during past year (may include new individual members or members from added site)
• Does not include addition of new centers
• Members left: number of members a center reports leaving the center during past year (would only include site-level loss if site left center)
• Member Net Gain/Loss: the relative gain or loss of members (members added – members left) centers experience during each calendar year
• Member Turnover: percentage of a center’s members from year x that leave the center the following year (year x + 1)
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Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Average Center Membership Gain/Loss
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Members Added this FY Members Left this FY
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Net Loss Persists
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Member Turnover Rate – New Normal
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0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Turnover % = Members terminated in year X+1 / Total members in year X
Industry/University Cooperative Research
Centers
Conclusions: Turnover Membership growth and stability has not improved
Average number of members declined 3rd year in a row
More members leaving compared to being added
Membership turnover increased and is near 25% per year (second highest total ever)
Possible explanations are: Internal:
• Newer smaller centers replacing older larger centers
• Some new sites may be marginal and do not sustain
External: New Normal
• Periodic recessions and mergers making memberships unstable
• Economy has not stabilizing
• Firms uncertain about value of pre-competitive research
Membership is dynamic Program level picture positive based on continuous growth in new centers and sites
Fewer members per individual center
Membership picture is volatile
Causal factors are hard to pin down
Explanations may reside with center level variables like leadership, technology salience, as well as structural issues like the churn of old and new centers, site transitions, etc.
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