NutritionNotesDaily

2014 Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology

HIghlights | May 2014

Continued on page 4

Thank you to the following groups that helped make ASN’s Scientific Sessions & Annual Meeting a suc-

cess!

ASN Board of DirectorsGordon Jensen, MD, PhD Sharon Donovan, PhD, RD Simin Meydani, DVM, PhD Patrick Stover, PhD Barbara Lyle, PhD Catherine Field, PhD, RD Frances Colleta, PhD, RD Rafael Perez-Escamilla, PhD Edward Saltzman, MD Malcolm Watford, DPhil Paul Coates, PhD Purnima Menon, PhD

RIS Chairs 2013-2014Jamie Baum, PhD Beth Bradley, PhD Laura Coleman, PhD, RD Nurgul Fitzgerald, PhD, MS, RD Frank Greenway, PhD Arthur Grider, PhD Carolyn Gunther, PhD

One of the final sponsored satellite programs held in San Diego focused on the

role 100% fruit juice plays in help-ing Americans meet the recom-mended fruit group daily servings. The data presented showed that fruit juice also delivers significant nutrients to the diets of children and adults. The satellite was spon-sored and organized by the Juice Products Association and featured speakers Adam Drewnowski, PhD, University of Washington; Mario Ferruzzi PhD, Purdue University; and Roger Clemens, DrPH, Uni-versity of Southern California.

To open the morning, Dr. Fer-ruzzi updated attendees on new research looking at nutrient density related to whole fruit and fruit juice. He also identified the avail-ability of other bioactive com-pounds in juices and the contribu-tion of these liquid products to a healthy diet. He showed how flavonoids found in various fruits modulate oxidative stress, inflam-mation, and microbial growth.

Ferruzzi was followed by Dr. Drewnowski, who showed how economics, education and age influence consumer choices and, ultimately, nutrient density. He cited that more than 70% of chil-dren ages 4-13 are failing to meet fruit guidelines for a healthy diet. In his opinion, fruit juice is afford-able nutrition in a glass that should be added to the diet as needed in cases of fruit underconsumption.

Finally, Dr. Clemens, an avid juice drinker himself, awak-ened the room with his lively comments on how to apply this knowledge when making Dietary Guideline recommen-dations and what the practical issues of fitting juice into a healthy diet entail. According to Clemens, “unless we invest in agriculture issues we will not enjoy the food we had today” in the future, including that glass of apple juice.

The Truth About 100% Fruit Juice? A Valuable Contribution to Diet

Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, MD, PhD, Chair, James Stevens Simmons Professor of Ge-

netics & Metabolism, Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, received the 2013/2014 Danone International Prize for Nutrition, awarded every 2 years for leading a major advancement in nutrition science, including new concepts and research fields with potential application for human diet and health. He pre-sented the award lecture at ASN’s Scientific Ses-sions & Annual Meeting on April 29, in a talk titled “Integration of Nutrients, Im-mune Response and Metabolism in Health and Disease.”

ASN spoke with Dr. Hotamisligil about the prize, his research, and his thoughts on the future of nutrition.

Danone International Prize Recipient Stays Focused on Improving Health

Q: What does this award mean to you and your colleagues?

A: I am absolutely thrilled and hon-ored of course. I would like to say this award belongs to my laboratory rather than me. I must recognize their invalu-able contributions, and I hope that that sentiment came through in my lecture as

well. Danone graciously supported the attendance of some members from my lab at the award ceremony in San Diego,

and it meant a lot to me that they could be there. In addition, I am really happy to receive this honor as a basic molecu-lar scientist, because I truly believe only by merging the basic and translational science will we bring great advances to health through the platform of nutri-tion. That fact being recognized gives

me great motiva-tion.

Q: What direction do you see the future of nutrition taking?

A: From my own perspective, I think what has been done in nutrition has been extremely valuable: defin-ing parameters, collecting human data, building basic blocks of nutri-tion and health, etc. As we move forward and con-sidering that we are facing a longer timeframe of the tremendous burden

of chronic disease, my feeling is that we can do better to take full advantage of

Cheryl Lovelady, PhD Yuan-Xiang Pan, PhD Loredana Quadro, PhD Connie J. Rogers, PhD, MPH Kari Hecker Ryan, PhD, RD Kevin Schalinske, PhD Christy C. Tangney, PhD Lisa Troy, PhD Taylor Wallace, PhD Kristine Urschel, PhD

Scientific & Education Programs Oversight CommitteeConnie Bales, PhD, RD Naima Moustaid-Moussa,PhD

Penny Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD Usha Ramakrishnan, PhD James Hill, PhD Doug Seidner, MD

Scientific Sessions Program SubcommitteeEdward Saltzman, MDMary Ann Johnson, PhDSean Adams, PhDLaura Caulfield, PhDFrance Colleta, PhDTom Ziegler, MDSusan Fried, PhDLinda Van Horn, PhD

Dr. Hotamisligil (center with award) recognizes his lab during the award ceremony. His wife Selen and daughter Leyla are pictured in the front row.

Team Effort Leads to Successful Meeting

The 2013-2014 RIS chairs were recognized at a luncheon in San Diego.

2 Nutrition Notes Daily May 2014

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By Colby Vorland, Meeting Blogger

Editor’s note: Excerpted from http://nutsci.org. Published May 12, 2014

Southwest Airlines is consistently rated as serving good food on their flights, yet they don’t serve food at all. Can we

trust diet data if people don’t know if they even ate? This amusing anecdote was offered by Dr. David Allison at the following session during ASN’s Scientific Sessions in San Diego in April: “Not Everything That Counts Can be Counted and Not Everything That Can Be Counted Counts: How Should We Collect Dietary Data for Research?” chaired by Drs. Regan Bailey and Claire Zizza. The session was organized by ASN’s Nutritional Epidemi-ology, Aging/Chronic Disease, and Commu-nity/Public Health Research Interest Sections. The panel took a critical perspective but also emphasized the value in using self-reported diet intake data.

Dr. Allison was the first presenter, taking a hard position on self-reported energy intake in nutritional research: it just isn’t good enough. Not only that, it often flat-out misleads obesity research. Allison highlighted a recent paper by Archer and colleagues that looked at energy intake of respondents in NHANES from 1971-2012, finding that 67.3% of women and 58.7% of men were not physio-logically plausible - i.e. the number of calories is “incompatible with life”. Correlations with

Is Self-Reported Diet Data Good Enough for Nutrition Science?the IOM’s gold standard equation for estimat-ing total energy expenditure were 0.163 for women and 0.225 for men, effectively yielding no meaningful relationship. This “doesn’t seem like science anymore,” Allison stated. This problem has been known for a long time: in 1991, Goldberg and others looked at 37 studies across 10 countries and found that over 65% of the mean ratio between reported energy intake and basal metabolic rate mea-sures were implausible. Forrestal also pub-lished a review in 2010 of 28 papers looking specifically at children and adolescents, finding that about half misreport energy intake.

It is time to abandon self-reported energy intakes in favor of less misleading paths in obesity research, Allison said. It is not worthy of scientific use because the measurement errors are not random. He told a story of how originally, self-report intake data suggested that the overweight consumed less energy than they expended, but using more rigorous methods proved exactly the opposite to be true (here is a 1990 review by Schoeller). Al-lison said that we currently have no economic and social incentive to make a complete transi-tion to incorporating doubly labeled water, as the cost has been flat since the 1980s.

Dr. Amy Subar argued that energy intake is not the only important aspect of diet data, and improvements are being made to col-lection methods, and therefore we shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bathwater. Even if total energy intake isn’t accurate, we still

can track food patterns, diet quality, nutrient intakes, and social and physical environments. Subar emphasized the utility of self-reported data- it can yield more comprehensive data with much less of an investigator burden compared to biomarkers or observation, but there is the issue with error. Within-person variation and memory are 2 potential errors, but adjustments are possible. New technolo-gies, such as keeping food records with mobile phones or wearable sensors to reduce reactiv-ity to monitoring and burden, are being devel-oped to improve self-report data. In addition, Subar has been involved in the development of self-administered 24-hour recalls - ASA24 - to be able to gather a lot more data from participants without investigator burden. They have validated the accuracy of this method against interviewer-administered recalls. Dr. Subar noted that food frequency question-naires have more bias than short-term meth-ods but combining multiple recalls with food frequency questionnaires could reduce this.

Dr. Elizabeth Yetley expanded on how self-reported diet data is currently relied on in national policy. For example, fortification strategies would not be possible without such data. Many considerations go into fortifi-cation, and modeling specific foods and evaluating the outcomes of such programs are important. The IOM uses diet data to track added sugars and salt disappearance. Nutrient safety can also be tracked. For example, data from the Total Diet Study in 1981 was able to quickly identify unexpected iodine sources

in the food supply that were resulting in extremely high intakes. Yetley states that there would be a significant adverse effect on policy if intake data wasn’t available. However, intake data can fail to accurately predict nutrient status, as Pfeiffer et al. (2012) have demon-strated. In 1988, Lewis and colleagues showed that cola intake could be underestimated by about 50%, though Yetley notes that surveys have been improved since then. Iron fortified cereals also virtually always underestimate the actual intake when using the amount listed on the label. Self-reported intake using label data is therefore not accurate. Infrequently consumed foods such as alcohol beverages also cause problems in nutritional epidemiol-ogy. However, Dr. Yetley reiterated that it is still crucial for many uses and we can work to improve precision while using caution when interpreting.

Finally, Dr. Laurence Freedman discussed some studies that are being done to improve self-reported intake measurement. Freed-man began by emphasizing that we can do validation for some nutrients by comparing to recovery of biological products; for example, using doubly-labeled water for energy expen-diture, nitrogen for protein, potassium and sodium for themselves. The error is indicative of true intake. However, for many we don’t have accurate recovery products. Freedman described a project he is involved in - the Validation Studies Pooling Project - that aims to better understand measurement errors

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May 2014 Nutrition Notes Daily 3

About Nutrition Notes Daily: Nutrition Notes Daily is the conference version of ASN’s quarterly member newsletter, Nutrition Notes. This publication may be printed during ASN’s Annual Meeting, Advances & Controversies in Clinical Nutrition and/or various other activities which the Society organizes and hosts. ASN accepts advertisements, recruitment listings and classifieds for publication in Nutrition Notes Daily; all advertisements are subject to review. Please email meetings@nutrition.org to offer feedback on the Nutrition Notes Daily, or to share suggestions to improve other aspects of ACCN 2013. Executive Officer: John Courtney; Editorial Staff: Paula Eichenbrenner, Suzanne Price; Publisher: CustomNEWS; Science Writer: Vicky Uhland; Design and Photography: John Carter

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Nutrient Sensing and Metabolic Signaling

Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and One Carbon Metabolism

August 10 - 15, 2014 August 3 - 8, 2014

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The following symposia and spon-sored satellite programs were recorded during EB 2014 and video

will be available shortly at scientificsessions.nutrition.org:

Satellite: Deciphering the Evidence behind Whole Food Nutrition & Disease Risk Reduction

Organized and Sponsored by the California Walnut Commission

Satellite: Functional and Sensory Roles of Glutamate in Human Foods

Organized and Sponsored by the Umami Information Center

Satellite: The Global Nutrition Transla-tion: Interaction of Nutrition and Physical Activity

Organized and Sponsored by the Herbalife Nutrition Institute

Satellite: Let’s Chew the Fat: Current Thinking on Dietary Fats and the Food We Eat

Organized and Sponsored by the Alliance for Potato Research and Education

Satellite: Sugar and Health Controver-sies: What Does the Science Say?

Organized and Sponsored by the Corn Refiners Association

Satellite: Mind the Gap! Addressing Nutrients of Concern for Americans Organized and sponsored by the Council for Re-sponsible Nutrition

Satellite: The Role of Protein in Muscle Health: Current Methods and Mechanisms

Organized and Sponsored by DuPont Nutri-tion & Health

Satellite: Exploring New Territories: The Emerging Role of Oats in Satiety, Antioxidants and Diet Quality

Organized and Sponsored by Quaker Oats Center of Excellence

Satellite: Are Almonds an Optimal Snack? New Research on the Health Ef-fects of Almonds

Organized and Sponsored by the Almond Board of California

Satellite: What’s the Truth About 100% Fruit Juice – Squeezing Fact from Fiction

Organized and Sponsored by the Juice Products Association

Satellite: Second Global Summit on the Health Benefits of Yogurt Organized and sponsored by ASN, Danone Insti-tute International

Presidential Symposium: Malnutrition and Inflammation: Intimate Partners

Unscientific Beliefs about Scientific Top-ics in Nutrition

International Forum - BrazilInternational Forum – ChinaInternational Forum – ICAN/South

America

International Forum - Japan

E.V. McCollum Lecture Feat. Dr. Kathryn Dewey

Optimizing Protein Quantity and Distri-bution to Improve Health Outcomes

Beyond Blood Pressure: New Paradigms in Sodium Intake Reduction and Health

Outcomes

Atwater Lecture Feat. Dr. David Al-lison

Danone International Prize in Nutri-tion Lecture Feat. Dr. Gokhan Hotamis-ligil

Congratulations to the following recipients of ASN’s Super Satur-day competitions. These winners

represent many of the future stars of nutrition and we are pleased to recognize their efforts.

SIG Travel Awardee Poster Competi-tion Grand Prize Winners

• Claire Berryman- Pennsylvania State University

• Xiaoran Liu- Pennsylvania State University

• Julia Sabet-Tufts University

Postdoctoral Research Award Compe-tition Finalists, supported by DuPont Nutrition & Health

• Amina Khambalia-University of

Sydney • Laura Madore-Tufts Medical Center• Sharmeel Khaira-Tufts Medical Center

[winner]• Meghan Azad-University of Alberta• Hannah Holscher-University of Il-

linois Urbana-Champaign• Ying Wang-American Cancer Soci-

ety

Clinical Emerging Leader Award, Supported by Medical Nutrition Council

Dylan S. MacKay, University of Manitoba

Graduate Student Research Award, Supported by Nutritional Sciences Council

Video Recordings Capture the Meeting

Rising Stars Recognized in San Diego

Continued on page 4

4 Nutrition Notes Daily May 2014

Diet DataContinued from page 2

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of food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls using recovery biomarkers. For example, in the AMPM study, energy intake is underreported on 24-hour recalls by about 10%, but underreporting of intake differs by nutrient. Measurement error effects diet-health outcomes by attenuating relative risks and statistical power. This attenuation is expressed as an “attenuation factor” - the ratio of attenuation to the actual value. Preliminary data shows that attenuation

Danone PrizeContinued from page 1

the powers embedded in nutrition and nutrients. I keep thinking about how we can harness that power. I believe if we manage to achieve some success- even a little- along these lines, we can have a huge global impact on chronic disease. A key component of this is the need for technology platforms to discover how food ingredients and individual nutrients interact with cells, immune pathways, stress pathways and so on and under-stand precisely how they may influence biology. My view is that it will only hap-pen if we successfully merge the revolu-tionary advances in life sciences research and technology with the nutrition field.

Can we increase our understanding of nutrition and specifically define, with high resolution, the benefits or harmful effects of molecular nutrients? Mo-lecular components are important since food exists in such a complex system, which is in constant flux, the end prod-uct is a function of many interactions and changes over time ranging from agricultural practices and drifts to food processing, growth conditions, climate changes -if we have a molecular toolbox or a barcode, then we can understand how these factors control individual food components. The ultimate goal then would be to manage them for desired effects, which could have a tremendous impact on the health of individuals and populations. Nutrients offer a tremendously diverse universe of chemicals and molecules, and we don’t yet explore that rich diversity suf-ficiently for prevention or treatment. My long-term goal is to build platform to do that.

Q: What is your advice for young profes-sionals in the field?

A: Because nutrition is needed for survival, if young professionals are at all interested in this direction, I be-lieve they will do well to choose such an exciting field. My advice is to think out of the box- how can they break open uncharted territories? Science is the greatest way to make a living, and combining the adventure of new discov-eries with scientific passion is a wonder-ful privilege. If I can speak more on the meaning of mentorship, I find that exciting too. For fellow researchers, I recommend that they do not miss that opportunity and privilege. I liken it to a parent-child relationship. Everyone comes from parents, we have to ac-

knowledge the need for that relationship and build contributions on that.

Q: What would you like to see added or changed at scientific conferences?

A: I think it would be a strategic deci-sion to make conferences a platform for the highest level mechanistic and popu-lation scientists to communicate with others in the nutrition community. Most schools of public health do not even have biological science departments; we are fortunate to have a very strong community of basic scientists in our School at Harvard. I think if the com-munication and collaborations between population and molecular sciences, we may generate much more powerful public health messages and much more effective ways to prevent or treat dis-ease. Everything is more powerful with mechanistic science behind it.

I am excited about the future. Some-times, I mention the example of choles-terol, which is one of the most famous preventive medicine tools. In fact, this is a rather crude measurement, yet very useful and impactful. In each lipid category, there are thousands of indi-vidual and unique molecular entities. So when measured in lump sum, we are just measuring a big soup, yet even in doing so we can achieve significant impact and benefit. I believe that if we could get more specific, we’d see more benefits. If we have higher resolution of the individual components with biological insights, we could achieve even great, perhaps spectacular success.

Q: What does the future hold for you and your research?

A: I hope that our work over the past decades, and also cited in this award, es-tablished the importance of connections between immunity and metabolism, in other words, immunometabolism. Of course, this field has expanded greatly in the past 20 years with huge impli-cations for disease and health. Some additional studies are needed to attempt ways to translate the exciting basic sci-ence journey through these platforms for humans. This has not yet been ac-complished with significant impact and reach. What remains elusive is still the mechanism by which metabolic signals engage and alter immune response and the identity of specific molecules. I want to apply the new, high power, systematic approaches, to explore how and which nutrients/food component might regu-late this relationship either positively or negatively with the hope of produc-ing practical and impactful translational tools.

This year in San Diego featured two on-site video bloggers who are ASN members: Treasurer Barbara

Lyle and Public Policy Committee mem-ber Emily Tomayko. They attended as many events as possible and captured live video of dozens of attendees and speak-ers. Don’t miss the following interviews on ASN’s YouTube channel:

Rick Mattes on almonds as a health snack

Roger Clemens on the Marian Swend-seid Scholarship Fund

Alice Lichtenstein discussing the Public Policy Committee

Video Bloggers Feature Researchers, Leaders, MentorsDonald McCormick reflecting on 50

years as ASN memberAshley Binns on eggs for breakfast &

satiety Maria-Luz Fernandez and Denis Me-

deiros on tenure /promotion of minority investigators

Student Courtney Marques on benefits of mentoring

MARC Travel Awardee Kolin EbronNeil Craft on separation of brain carot-

enoids and tocolsPenny Kris-Etherton on cardioprotec-

tive effects of nuts

factors are more extreme for energy intake compared to protein, and protein density is less so than both. Adjusting datasets from energy intake alleviates attenuation factors somewhat but does not solve it, and increasing samples size does not itself solve it because of unknown confounding. Combining biomarkers with self-report data improves statistical power because measure-ment error is reduced, as Freedman and others (2011) have shown. Dr. Freedman reiterated that self-report data is extremely useful for surveillance, education, dietary guidance apart from the difficulties of us-ing it to measure energy intake.

Rising StarsContinued from page 3

• Bryan M. Gannon, University of Wisconsin, Madison

• Hathairat Sawaengsri, Tufts Uni-versity: USDA HNRCA and Friedman School

• Scott Baier, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Global Nutrition Poster Competi-tion, Supported by Global Nutrition Council

Sarah Pedersen- Cornell University

Young Minority Investigator Oral Com-petition Winners, Supported by DSM Nutritional Products

• Jacqueline Bergman- University of California-Davis

• T. Emmanuelle Torchon- University of Tennessee

• Yasmeen Nikrumah-Elie- Linus Paul-ing Institute, Oregon State University

• Shawntawnee Collins-Pennsylvania State University

• Monique LeMieux- Texas Tech University (Grand Prize Winner)

The five finalists of ASN’s Young Minority Investigator Oral Competition celebrate their achievements. Grand prize winner Monique LeMieux is in the middle