highlights: from babar to the future!
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Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!. Marcello A. Giorgi. 44th Course International School of Subnuclear Physics 2006 “ETTORE MAJORANA” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture. BaBar Physics GOALS. 1)Search for CP violation in B meson decays largely predicted by the Standard Model - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!Highlights: from BABAR to the FUTURE!
Marcello A. GiorgiMarcello A. Giorgi
44th Course International School of Subnuclear Physics 2006
“ETTORE MAJORANA” Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture
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1)Search for CP violation in B meson decays largely predicted by the Standard Model
2)Test extensively at this low energy scale the Standard Model by measuring precisely enough quantities to impose constraints on the Standard Model parameters
CP in b sector has been established by BaBar and Belle (2001)
TRY to open windows on new Physics beyond Standard Model
More precise CKM measurements, Rare B decays, Charm study, Tau rare decays .
BaBar Physics GOALS
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3 ways to CP violation
1ff AACPV in decay: 1
12
2
/,
ff
ffffCP AA
AAfifififi
CPV in mixing:1pq
4
4
00
00
1
1
pq
pq
XlPdtdXlPdtd
XlPdtdXlPdtdt
physphys
physphysSL
CPV in the interference decay-mixing:
f
ff
f
A
A
p
q
0m
CPphysCPphys
CPphysCPphysf fPdtdfPdtd
fPdtdfPdtdt
CP
00
00
For example: decays to CP eigenstatesCPf
fifi
fifif/f,CP
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Observables: “direct” CP asymmetry
i f i fCP
A1 = |A1|
A2 = |A2| ei ei
A1 = |A1|
A2 = |A2| ei ei
(CP-conserving) (CP-violating)
A = A1+ A2
Time-integrated “direct” CP asymmetry requires two amplitudes and :
sinδsinΦfifi
fififfCP
/,
A = A1+ A2 A
+ -
ACP
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Observables time-dependent CP asymmetry
CPphysCPphys ftBftB 00
CPpq
B0 fCP
Af
AfB0
B0 fCP
B0
Af
Af
qp
Interference between mixing and decay to a CP eigenstate.Flavor-tagged time-dependent decay rates are different! they are governed by the “CP parameter”:
CP eigenvalue
Amplituderatio
ei2
from mixing
CP
CP
CPCP
f
fff A
A
p
q
2
2
1 | |
1 | |CP
CP
CP
ff
f
C
2
2Im
1 | |CP
CP
CP
ff
f
S
0
I mCPf
For singledecay
amplitude
( ) cos( ) sin( )CP CP CPf f d f dA t C m t S m t
Asymmetry
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CP in Standard Model
CKM quark mixing matrix
2
2 4
3
23
2
( )
(
11
21
1 ( )2
11 )
ud us ub
cd cs cb
td ts tb
A iV V V
V V V V A O
V V VAA i
bulB() l
CP Violating phase
BD(*)lbcl
B() B0 Mixing
Unitarity
d•s* = 0
s•b* = 0
d•b* = 0
(K system)
(Bs system)
(Bd system)
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PEP-II & BaBar
• Lmax = 1.12 X 1033 cm–2s–1
Ldt = 371 fb–1@{Υ(4S)+off(~10%)}
• (>3.7x108 B events)
Charged tracking/vertexingCharged tracking/vertexing• • 5-layer DSSD Si µstrip5-layer DSSD Si µstrip• • 40 layers (He-isobutane)40 layers (He-isobutane)Hadron identificationHadron identification• • tracker: dE/dxtracker: dE/dx• • DIRC imaging Cerenkov DIRC imaging Cerenkov Electron/photonElectron/photon• • CsI calorimeterCsI calorimeterMuon/KMuon/KLL• • Instrumented flux returnInstrumented flux return
11 Countries, 80 Institutions, 623 Physicists
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e+ source
Ares RF cavity
Belle detectorSCC RF(HER)
ARES(LER)
KEKB & Belle 8 x 3.5 GeV 22 mrad crossing angle
since 1999
13 countries, 57 institutes, ~400 collaborators
8GeV (e) 3.5GeV (e+) peak luminosity:
1.651034cm2s1
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Integrated Luminosity
PEP-IIfor BaBar
As of July 24, 2006
KEKBfor Belle
KEKB + PEP-II
~ 1 Billion BB pairs
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No evidence so far of CPV in Bd mixing
0017.00007.01
Re
0034.00026.0
0067.00013.1
B
B
SL
pq
Experimental status: from measurements at LEP, CLEO, BaBar and Belle:
Not easy to improve: systematics! For example, the most recent paper: BELLE, hep-ex/0505017:
HFAG, Winter’05 average
BELLE 2005 (78 + 9) fb-1
< 1/5 of the available data !
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ICHEP2006 Time Dep. CPV: sin2 in b ccs
M.Hazumi
B0Dh0 (h0 = 0 etc.)Time-dependent Dalitz analysis cos2 > 0Belle: 98.3%CL(hep-ex/0605023, accepted by PRL)BaBar 87% CL (BABAR-CONF06/017)
K.GeorgeK.George
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Extraction of CKM angle
cbV
*usV
ubV
*csV
Color suppressed
*ub csA V V
*cb usA V V 3
3 2 2 ie
is phase between ( ) and ( ) amplitudes ub cbb u V b c V
Basic Idea0 0
0 0 Use interference between and decays
where the ( ) decay to a common final state B D K B D K
D D f
(*)0
(*)(*)0
Size of CP asymmetry depends on | ( ) |
~ 0.1 0.3| ( ) |B
A B D Kr
A B D K
D0 Dalitz plot method(*)0 0Use decaysSB D K K
m.a.g.& n.neri
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Combined Results including GLW and
ADS
Combined for 3 modes: φ3=53°+15 3° (syst)9° (model)
(Dalitz,GLWandADS ) 8°<φ3<111° (2σ interval)
rDK =0.159+0.054 0.012(syst)0.049(model)
CPV significance: 74% rD*K=0.175+0.108 0.013(syst)0.049(model)
rDK*=0.564+0.216 0.041(syst)0.084(model)
Updated! G.Marchiori
ICHEP06
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Global results on CKM angle
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Vub and Vcb Sides determination from semileptonic decays bc(u) l
Vub Vcb and are correlated.
Semileptonic decays allow the determination of the sides
Inclusive and exclusive modes are used to mesaure Vub and Vcb
V*ub /V*cb
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Contribution of , |Vub |, |Vcb | to UT
Inclusiv
e!
|Vcb |= 42.0±0.7 INCLUSIVE
is not yet constraining !
|Vub |/ |Vcb | compatible with the other CKM measurements including
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2.3 difference.
(C = A)
EXTRACTION of Still discrepancies between Babar and Belle on B
M.Hazumi ICHEP06
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from B0→− full analysis
inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6
B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07
inputsB(+0) = (5.75 0.42)B(+-) = (5.20 0.25) 10-6
B(00) = (1.30 0.21) A(00) = +0.35 0.33S(+-) = 0.59 0.09A(+-) = +0.39 0.07
No stringent constraintobtained with system alone need and
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constraints from B0→− decay
Isospin triangle now closed!
(New from BABAR)
Long.Polarized
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ICHEP06 from all modes: BaBar(//) + Belle(/)
Global Fit = [ 98 ] º +5-19/2 = [93 ]+11
9
consistent with a global fit w/o /2
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sin2 and loops
b ss
sd
dg
, ,u c t
0SK
0B
b sd
dd
d
W
g
, ,u c t0SK
0
0B
0B
b
s
s
sd d
, , ( )CPKK
0SK
0B
b
d
s
dd d
0SK
0
New phases from SUSY?
, , ( )CPKK
W
In SM interference between B mixing, K mixing and Penguin bsss or bsdd gives the same e as in tree process bccs. However loops can also be sensitive to New Physics!
2( )
~ 5%
2( / )
~ 20%
Purely dimensional estimate
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Winter vs. Summer 05
Deviation from SM: No theory error: 3.7 sNaïve theory errors: 2.9 s
Lp05
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ICHEP06: from b s Penguins
Smaller than bccs in all of 9 modes
Smaller than bccs in all of 9 modes
Theory tends to predictpositive shifts(originating from phasein Vts)
Naïve average of all b s modes
sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)
Naïve average of all b s modes
sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)
More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies!
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Comment on averagingOn purely dimensional considerations the corrections to
the bs penguins are ranging between 5% and 20% , on the other hand the sign of the corrections is far from been the same for different channels.
As I mentioned at ICHEP averaging the results on penguins is something adventurous and not simply legitimate.
The averaged value can be diluted and non reflecting the real amount of the difference from sin2 value of charmonium.
CP asymmetries in bs penguins will show perhaps the first indications of new physics. But HIGHER STATISTICS needed!
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On Rare Decays
Chance to see themwhen the Standard
Model amplitudes are
Small : Rare decaysu
bH+ +
WHY?
If new particles are to appear on-shell at high energy colliders, they must appear in virtual
loops and affect amplitudes
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Continuum suppression
from combined information from shape variables
Limits from N= S + b
N small
Uncertainties on , b
Experimental techniques
_
b_
b
And other diagrams
Proceeds through one or two weak bosons with strong CKM suppression Space open to NP quanta to contribute.
Free of hadronic uncertainties in final state
uH+ +
_
b +
-d,s
~_
b
uW+ +
_
b
d,su,c,t
-
+_
bW+
W-
efficiency is ~0.4-0.7% ( bbar pair)
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B ICHEP06 Browder (Belle)Sekula (BaBar)Important as W
(suppressed by Vub) can be replaced by charged
Higgs, etc
Difficult due to neutrinos in the final state
SM prediction (1.59 0.40) x 10-4 (depends on fB and Vub)
439.056.046.049.0 10)79.1()(BF
B
(revised). 3.5 significancetag with fully reconstructed B mesons (180 channels)
Tag with BD(*)l4680
670 10110880BF
)..()B( ..
(new)
BF<1.80@90%CL
Averaged (1.36 0.48)x10-4
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Impact
Limits on e.g. 2 Higgs doublet model: W.S.Hou, PRD 48, 2342 (1993)
SM prediction enhanced/reduced by factor rH
ICHEP06 Barlow
Or: Within the SM, use the value of BF(B++) to give a
measurement of fB
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Kl+l- for NP
K*ll Asymmetry as a function of q2
Angular variables e.g.*: angle of l l pair in their rest frame. C10 interferes with C7/C9 to
give asymmetry
ICHEP06Kovalskyi
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Search for New Physics (Lepton Flavour Violation)
The B factories are also factories(+ -) = 0.89 nb at s = M() Total sample of ~1.5 billion taus
426
TeV160
tan100.3)(
SUSYM
Br
Belle result
BaBar result
Excluded re
gion
90% CL limits
Br ( - e- ) < 12 x 10-8
Br ( - ) < 4.1 x 10-8
Br ( - e- ) < 11 x 10-8
Br ( - ) < 6.7 x 10-8
R.Barlow ICHEP06
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BUT also SpectroscopyRare states are accessible to Babar thanks to the
very high statistics that can be collected with a luminosity of 10 34 cm -2 s -1 .
BABAR has first observed Ds(2317) and BELLE the X(3872) and Y(3940) , then :
MANY OTHER STATES
Methods:Selection on Charm decay……Initial State Radiation ISR….
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DsJ and many other new particles……
Daniele Del Re ICHEP06
DsJ*(2317)+
DsJ(2460)+
Evident new resonance at 2.86GeV/c2 Hints of a broad state at 2.69GeV/c2
No possible reflection foundRadial excitations???
2
2( (2573)) (2572.2 0.3 1.0) /s
m D MeV c 2( (2860)) (2856.6 1.5 5.0) /m X MeV c
2( (2690)) (2688 4 3) /m X MeV c
22( (2573) ) (27.1 0.6 5.6) /sD MeV c
2( (2860) ) (47 7 10) /X MeV c 2( (2690) ) (112 7 36) /X MeV c
Hot topic two years ago:Mass and width are far from predicted
New DK state(s) at 2.86GeV/c2
Ds2(2573)+
??
M(DK) GeV/c2
Bg subtracted
Ds0
Ds1~100 MeV/c2
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Charm baryons
c(2880)+
c(2940)+
D0 mass sidebands
Wrong sign D0p
N_sig = 2280 ± 310
c(2880)+ A New Decay Mode
New Charm Baryon: c(2940)+
c(2940) or c(2940)? No isospin partner found in D+p
hep-ex/0603052
Peter Kim , Session 9-1
M(Σc(2455)0,++π±)
N /
2.5
MeV
Λc(2880)
Λc(2940)
Λc(2765)
New baryon in D0p Belle confirms in c
Roman Mizuk, Session 9-1
BR(D0p)/ BR( Σcπ)=? Need to measure both channels in one expt.
No identification yet for this state
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XYZ
Y(3940)J/
eeJ/ X(3940)
c2’(2S)
eeY(4260) eeY(4350)
X(3872)J/
Many new charmonium states: 6 above DD threshold+ 2 below (c(2S) and hc) for last 4 yearsMost of heavy charmonium like stares are not explained by theory
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What in future?
PEPII and Babar will end operations in 2008 (Tevatron will end in 2009 ).
What Bfactories at very hign lumi can add to the exploration beyond the SM in the era of LHC ?
Can the achievable experimental sensitivity and the theoretical uncertainties allow the opening of a window on NP in the flavour sector?
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Estimate of some Theoretical Uncertainties
Ligeti, ICHEP 2004
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UNIVERSAL UT fit with 50 ab-1
Universal fit makes only use of quantities independent of NP contributions within MFV
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Extrapolation at high Lumi
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CAVEAT on PENGUINSSome effects seen in by Belle/BABAR could appear intriguing, but …
– Belle /BABAR results on specific modes are not in detailed agreement– There are non-negligible SM theory uncertainties in many modes– Vulnerability will remain even if results in the next few years reach 4+
Better look to some clean mode. Example:
•
b sss
Ciuchini, Franco, Martinelli, Masiero, & Silvestrini
KS 30 ab-1
13 mass insertion
ACP (J/ KS-0KS)
KS (as now)
23 mass insertion
ACP (J/ KS-KS)
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bsl+l- precision measurementsNew Physics – K(*) l+l-, sl+l- e+e- Precision
Measurement Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab
(BK/(BKe+e-) SM: 1 ~8% ~4% ~2% ~1.5%
ACP(BK* l+l-) (all) (high mass)
SM: < 0.05%
~6%~12%
~3%~6%
~1.5%~3%
~1.1%~2%
AFB(BK*l+l-) : ŝ0SM: ±5%
~20% ~9% 9%
AFB(Bsl+l-) : ŝ0 27% 15% 6.7% 5.0%
AFB (Bsl+l-) : C9 , C10 36-55% 20-30% 9-13% 7-10%
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Rare DecaysMEASUREMENT Goal 3/ab 10/ab 50/ab 100/ab
BD*) SM: : 8x10-3 10.2% 5.6% 2.5%
Bs)K,K* SM:Theory ~5%1 excl: 4x10-
6
~1 >3 >4 >5
Binvisible) <2x10-
6
<1x10-6 <4x10-
7
<2.5x10-7
Bd ) ~8x10-11 <3x10-
8
<1.6x10-8
<7x10-
9
<5x10-9
Bd ) ~1x10-8 <1x10-
3
O(10-4) ? ?
) now< 4.2 10-8 <3.4 10-9
Ks) now < 4.910-8 <1.25 10-
10
Ldt 1
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PHYSICS CASE for Super Flavour Factory
The physics case for a Super Flavour Factory is solid if : The sample of data available in a few years of running would be bigger than 50 ab -1 and approaching 100 ab -1 (10 11 B Bbar, tau and charm pairs) .L between 1036 and 1037 cm-2 s-1
Possibility of running at lower CM Energy still with L >1035 for special runs on Charm and .
Possibility of one polarized beam for Tviolation studies in The running period is overlapped to LHC. (Results from Super
Flavour Factory and LHC are largely complementary).
See for example:Report from Roadmap committee (Slac.BABAR Analysis Doc#828 26July2004)The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709)Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory ( KEK Report 2004-4 )Physics at Super B Factory ( hep-ex/0406071 )Many documents available at the URL :www.pi.infn.it/SuperB
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Summary from Oide’s talk at 2005 2nd Hawaii SuperBF Workshop
• Present design of SuperKEKB (SAME
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PEPII) hits fundamental limits in the beam-beam effect and the bunch length (HOM & CSR) Higher current is the only way to increase the luminosity .
• Many technical and cost issues are expected with a new RF system
We need a completely different collider scheme.....
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Issues
• HIGH CURRENT and HIGH BACKGROUND IS AN ISSUE FOR :
• DETECTOR DESIGN• WALL POWER NEEDED
(even >>100MW)
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ILC rings & ILC FF
SuperB new approach based on ILC FF and
DR Crossing angle = 2*15 mrad
SuperB Contributors (Accelerator):BINP: Koop, Levichev, ShatilovKEKB: Ohmi
LNF: Biagini, Raimondi, Zobov
Pisa: M.A.G., PaoloniSLAC: Novokhatski, Seeman, Seryi, Sullivan, Wienands
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High luminosity requires: - short bunches
- small vertical emittance - large horizontal size and emittance to mimimize
beam-beam
For a ring:- easy to achieve small horizontal emittance and
horizontal size- Hard to make short bunchesCrossing angle swaps X with Z, so the high luminosity
requirements are naturally met: Luminosity goes with 1/x and is weakly dependent by z
REQUIREMENTS
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Vertical waist has to be a function of x: Z=0 for particles at –x (- x/2 at low current)
Z= x/ for particles at +x (x/2 at low current)
Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in X and at /2 in Y
“Crab waist” removes beam-beam betratron couplingIntroduced by the crossing angle
“Crab waist” (P. Raimondi)
2z
x
2x
2x/
2z*
Y
z
e-e+
For a fixed longitudinal position, y does not depend on the horizontal motion anymore ! No vertical modulation due to the horizontal oscillations !
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Collisions with uncompressed beamsCrossing angle = 2*15 mrad
Relative Emittance growth per collision: yout/yin=1. 5x10-3
Horizontal Plane Vertical Plane
BB simulations with ILC code
Crab waist scheme is planned to be tested in 2007 in DANE
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Present parameter set based on ILCDR-like parameters 3.0 Km long rings studied with ILC OCS (Baseline) lattice scaled to 4 and 7 GeV :
• Same DR emittances
• Same DR bunch length
• 1.5 times DR bunch charges
• Same ILC-IP betas
• Crossing angle and “crab waist” to minimize bb blowup
•PEP-KEK DR damping time 17ms•Fewer and lower field wigglers used (pm )•Final Focus (ILC-like) included•Design based on recycling all PEP hardware, Bends, Quads and Sexts, and RF system•Maximize Luminosity keeping low E and wall power.
Machine parameters
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Ring Parameter
s
Energy (GeV) 4 7
C (m) 2762 2762Bw (T) 1.4 1.05
Lbend(m) 2.1 10.8
N. bends 96 96Bbend (T) 0.439 0.144
Uo (MeV/turn) 2.3 4.1Wiggler sections 4 4z (mm) 7.0 7.0
s (ms) 17 17
x (nm) 0.79 0.71
Emittance ratio 0.25% 0.25%
1.0x10-3 1.1x10-3
Momentum compaction 1.85x10-4 3.90x10-4
s 0.012 0.026
Vrf (MV) 5.5 19
Npart (x1010) 3.31 1.89
Ibeam (A) 2.5 1.44
Tousheck lifetime (min) 95 1100Pbeam(MW) 5.7 5.9
Frf (MHz) 476Nbunches 4167
Gap 5%Pwall (MW) (50% eff) 2 rings 23.2
x 20mm
x 4m
xp 200rad
y 200m
y 20nm
yp 100rad
z 7mm
2* 30mrad
IP Parameters
L1036 cm-2 s-
1
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0
5 1036
1 1037
1,5 1037
2 1037
2,5 1037
0 2,5 1010 5 1010 7,5 1010 1 1011 1,25 1011 1,5 1011
Luminosity [cm-2 s-1]
N
M. Zobov, D. Shatilov
1036
Upgradeable !
But more stringent requirement to go down with Wall Power!
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SuperB EFFORT
International Study Group is in place on Physics case, Detector and Machine design.
A Steering Committee (led by m.a.g.) whose members are from :
Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Russia,UK and US is coordinating the effort.
Member from Japan (KEK) is to join soon.CDR is to be delivered at beginning 2007
to the INFN President and to be internationally reviewed.
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O 1.0Km O 0.7Km
Possible Site: Tor Vergata campus
Ring circumference: 3. to 2.2 Km
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BACKUP!
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K.GeorgeK.George
A = 0.07 0.028 0.018
BaBar2006: sin2 in b ccs
BB00 J/ J/(2S)(2S)KKSS, , ccKKSS, , c1c1KKSS, , J/J/
ICHEP 06
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Time Dep.CPV measures Sin2from B0 J/ K0
previous measurementsin2= 0.652 0.044
(386 M BB pairs)
B0 tag_B
0 tag
532 M BB pairs
_
BELLE-CONF-0647BELLE-CONF-0647
O. TajimaO. Tajima
ICHEP 06
Sin()= 0.642 ±0.031 (stat) ±0.017 (syst) A = 0.018 ±0.021 (stat) ±0.014 (syst)
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Updated! G.Marchiori
ICHEP06
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BaBar2006: B Dalitz analysis
Preliminary result in 2004 (16 parameters ignoring ) is superseded.
Interferenceinfo. onstrong phasedifference
B0
B0
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Direct CP in K Competing amplitudes with different strong and weak phasesACP should be the same for K+-
and K+0 (Gronau: hep-ph 0508047)
Current averages (HFAG)ACP (K+-)=-0.093 0.015ACP (K+0)=+0.047 0.026Difference 0.14 0.03 – a long way from zero
Maybe colour-suppressed trees are responsible Maybe New Physics Based on isospin one can produce several ratios that should agree
(A Buras, R Fleischer et al, Phys J C 45 (701-710) 2006)
Rn=(K+ -) Rc=2 (K+ 0) 2 (K00) (K0+)Obtain (HFAG averages)Rn=0.99 0.07Rc=1.11 0.07
Agree with each other
And with SM predictions
The “K puzzle” is no more
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New mesons&BaryonsTwo new DsJ mesons found in DK mass distributions in e+e- continuum
New DsJ mesons in D0K+ mass distributions in BD0(D0K+) the same?
Two new baryons in c+K-+ mass distributions in e+e- continuum
One new baryon in c+KS- mass distributions in e+e- continuum
isopartner
One new baryon in D0p mass distributions in ee continuum
Baryon number and charm are carried out by different particles
Baryon number and strangeness are carried out by different particles
New decay mechanism for charmed baryons:
First observatin of c*
N o
I
n t
e r
p r
e t
a t
I o
n
y e
t