higher history: the wars of independence 1286-1328 issue 4the reasons for the ultimate success of...

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328


ISSUE 4 The reasons for the ultimate success of Bruce in maintaining Scotland’s independence

Sub issue The opposition of many Scots to Robert Bruce

Sub issue Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader

Sub issue The methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328


Sub issue The opposition of many Scots to Robert Bruce

Sub issue Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader

Sub issue The methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328



Activity 1: Timeline of Events (70 minutes)

In order to understand the chronology you are going to create an accurate, detailed and imaginative timeline that will help you to understand the issue.

This timeline should include:

•Agreement with Bishops Lamberton and Wishart- Cambuskenneth, 11th of June 1304

•The murder of Comyn-10th Feb. 1306

•Inauguration as King of Scots-Scone, 25th March 1306

•The defeat at Methven Woods, 19th June 1306

•Escape from Edward and family troubles, Winter of 1306-07

•Civil war in Scotland, 1307-1309

•Bruce’s tactics 1309-14

•Battle of Bannockburn, 1314

•Declaration of Arbroath, 1320

•Treaty of Edinburgh 1328


•Support of Clergy (Wishart and Lamberton) determined to regain independence

•Winning of the Civil War and defeat of English Garrisons up to 1314

•Decisive victory over English at Bannockburn led to the recognition of his legitimacy as King of Scots in Scotland.

•Bannockburn was a huge financial boost for Kingdom (£200,000 + ransoms)

•Declaration of Arbroath convinced Pope of legitimacy of Bruce and Scots independence.

•After Edward II deposed by his Barons led by his wife Isabella and Lord Mortimer raids into North of England increased pressure on English to recognise separate Scottish Kingdom

•Treaty of Edinburgh, 1328, official recognition of Bruce as King of Scots and Scotland as a separate kingdom.

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION

QUESTIONS

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION

QUESTIONS



Source E explains the reasons for the ultimate success of Bruce in maintaining Scotland’s independence by stating that the Scots victory at Bannockburn inflicted heavy casualties upon the English mounted Knights and ensured that the English king could not launch another invasion of Scotland in the following years.



1. Explain the opposition of many Scots to Robert Bruce.

2. Describe Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader.

3. Explain the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328.

Academic Task: You are going to have 30 minutes to gather evidence to answer one of the following questions.



Academic Task: You now have 20 minutes in your expert groups to consolidate and check your information for relevance and accuracy.

Social Task: Sharing information; coming to a consensus; equal participation

1. Explain the opposition of many Scots to Robert Bruce

2. Describe Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader

3. Explain the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328



Academic Task: You now have 15 minutes back in your home groups to deliver your sub-topic review to the other 2 members.

Social Task: Sharing information; explaining succinctly

1. Explain the opposition of many Scots to Robert Bruce

2. Describe Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader

3. Explain the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328






Academic Task: You are going to write 3 short essays (8 marks).Each essay will have an introduction, 5 developed points and a conclusion.






Academic Task: You are going to create a group response to the 3 questions you have worked on.

You will complete this exercise for each of the 3 questionsYou will have 15 minutes per question=45 minute exercise

Directions:

Each group has one sheet of paper divided into 4 (or 3) individual areas and 1 common area.

Each person writes responses to the question on their own within a time limit.

The group then shares their individual responses.

The group comes to a consensus on the answer(s) to the question and records their response in the common area.

COMMONAREA






Explain the opposition of many

Scots to Robert Bruce

Comyn family opposed to him because of murder of John Comyn of Badenoch

Many nobles still supported Balliol’s claim

to the Scottish throne and see Bruce as a usurper

Bruce had killed Comyn in a

church. This was an offence against

God himselfBruce had changed sides on a number of occasions and

had given allegiance to Edward and acted as a Guardian of Scotland

Bruce’s brutality during the civil war led to loss of support, Herschip of

Buchan



Describe Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leader

Use of guerrilla tactics meant he could

outmanoeuvre larger English forces and

force them to retire for lack of supplies

Knew that he had to destroy castles rather than hold them during the civil

war to stay mobile

Able to draw the English forces into land that he

had prepared for battle at Loudon Hill , 1307

Managed to mastermind the defeat of the powerful Comyn family in Scotland

and win the Civil war

Prepared the ground and trained the Scottish army to

fight together and win against superior English forces at

Bannockburn

Winning of duel against De Bohun showed his skill as a warrior and

further inspired his men



Explain the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328

Winning of Battle of Bannockburn

Declaration of Arbroath used to get political

support from papacyInvasion attempts by Edward II in 1322 and

1323 hampered by Scots invading

Northern England and attacking Carlisle

Regular raids and destruction of the North

of England to force a settlement-1315, 16

and 18

Opening of a second front in Ireland led by Edward Bruce to put

pressure on Edward II

Retaking of all Scots castles and then Berwick by 1318

Further raids and avoidance of all out battle with English in

the field 1327-28

The source illustrates that Bruce raised a large army to attack the North of England to force the English to make peace. This put pressure on the English king to make peace with the Scots to stop these attacks.

The source further illustrates the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement with England as it shows how Bruce’s forces besieged Norham and Alnwick Castles to try and capture them and take control of the surrounding areas.

The source further illustrates the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement with England as it states how Bruce gave lands in Northumberland to his followers. This ensured that these men were loyal to Bruce and caused other English nobles to swear allegiance to Bruce to keep their lands.

Finally, the source illustrates the methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement with England as it tells us how Bruce continued to destroy and ravage the North of England, estate by estate, until the English were forced to make peace.



HOLIDAY HOMEWORK! You are going to write 4 detailed reports on the Scottish Wars of Independence. Each report will have 3 sections (the Sub Issues).

The Reports will be clearly titled and written in paragraphs.

Remember. Without this knowledge you will fail Paper 2!Question 1: Explain the succession problem in Scotland from 1286-92.I.The problems caused by the death of Alexander IIIII.The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.III.Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause

Question 2: Describe the relationship between John Balliol and Edward I.I.John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling ScotlandII.Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordshipIII.Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296

Question 3: Describe Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305.I.The growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7II.The changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301III.The crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5

Question 4: Explain the reasons for the ultimate success of Bruce in maintaining Scotland’s independence.I.The opposition of many Scots to Robert BruceII.Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leaderIII.The methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328

Question 1: Explain the succession problem in Scotland from 1286-92.I.The problems caused by the death of Alexander IIIII.The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.III.Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause

Question 2: Describe the relationship between John Balliol and Edward I.I.John Balliol’s difficulties in ruling ScotlandII.Scottish responses to Edward’s overlordshipIII.Edward’s subjugation of the Scots in 1296

Question 3: Describe Scottish resistance to Edward I, 1296-1305.I.The growth of Scottish resistance to Edward, 1296-7II.The changing military balance between Scotland and England, 1298-1301III.The crushing of Scottish resistance by Edward, 1301-5

Question 4: Explain the reasons for the ultimate success of Bruce in maintaining Scotland’s independence.I.The opposition of many Scots to Robert BruceII.Robert Bruce’s abilities as a military leaderIII.The methods used by Bruce to attain the peace settlement made with England in 1328

higher history: the wars of independence 1286-1328 issue 4the reasons for the ultimate success of...

Documents

scots independence

wars of independence

ultimate success of

king of scots

scots victory

english king

official recognition

peace settlement