higher education reforms: a method for looking back ......her_presentation_10_03_2013 6 looking at...

Higher Education Reforms: A Method for Looking Back – Looking Forward

Arkalgud Ramaprasad1,2,3, Tanveer Hasan3, and Chetan Singai4

1University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA 2University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA

3Higher Education Innovation & Research Applications (HEIRA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

4EDGE and National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India October 3, 2013

Ramaprasad, Hasan, and Singai HER_Presentation_10_03_2013 1

This presentation is based on the project: A Higher Education System for a Knowledge Society in

Karnataka funded by the Karnataka Knowledge Commission

Arkalgud Ramaprasad, Tejaswini Niranjana, Tanveer Hasan, Chetan Singai, Bhumika Dhanaraju

Higher Education Innovation & Research Applications (HEIRA), Center for the Study of Culture and Society, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

November 20, 2012


The full report is available at: http://goo.gl/2wBKNV

http://goo.gl/2wBKNVhttp://goo.gl/2wBKNV

Agenda

• Looking at higher education (HE) through the lens of an ontology

• Looking forward: Mapping the state-of-the-aspiration of HE

• Looking back: Mapping the state-of-the-practice of HE

• Looking forward – Looking back = Looking at the gaps in HE

• Looking into the future


HE in Karnataka


Knowledge Ecology of Karnataka1

5 Ramaprasad, Hasan, and Singai HER_Presentation_10_03_2013

HER_Presentation_10_03_2013 6

Looking at HE Through the Lens of an Ontology

6

Illustrative synthetic vision/mission statements from the 3,000 possible combinations: • The premier institution in the world in research in sciences for scientific development in a knowledge society. • A basic institution in the city in service in arts for cultural development in a knowledge society. • …

Ramaprasad, Hasan, and Singai

Scope Function Focus OutcomeThe [+] Premier World [in] Research [in] Sciences [for] ScientificA/An Leading Region Education Professions Technical

Advanced Country Service Vocations EconomicBasic State Fine Arts Social

District(s) Humanities/SS Cultural

Aspiration[in

stitu

tion

in th

e]

[dev

elop

men

t in

a kn

owle

dge

soci

ety]

Method for Looking Forward – Looking Back

• Looking forward: Mapping the state-of-the-aspiration – Mission and vision statements, objectives, leaders’

speeches, strategic plans • Looking back: Mapping the state-of-the-practice

– External data sources – Internal data sources

• Looking forward – Looking back = Mapping the gaps in HE


Looking at the Gaps in HE - Illustration


State-of-the-PracticeScope Function Focus Outcome

The [+] Premier World [in] Research [in] Sciences [for] ScientificA/An Leading Region Education Professions Technical

Advanced Country Service Vocations EconomicBasic State/Province FineArts Social

City Humanities/SS Cultural

Aspiration

[inst

itutio

n in

the]

[dev

elop

men

t in

a kn

owle

dge

soci

ety]

State-of-the-AspirationScope Function Focus Outcome

The [+] Premier World [in] Research [in] Sciences [for] ScientificA/An Leading Region Education Professions Technical

Advanced Country Service Vocations EconomicBasic State/Province Fine Arts Social

City Humanities/SS Cultural

Low countMedium countHigh count

Aspiration

[inst

itutio

n in

the]

[dev

elop

men

t in

a kn

owle

dge

soci

ety]

Gaps

Looking Forward: Mapping the State-of-the-Aspiration

• Population of HE institutions in Karnataka (N=65) • Vision statements, mission statements, objectives,

Vice Chancellor’s speeches, etc. downloaded from the web for all 65

• Description of the institution if the above are not available

• Classification of HE institutions – Specialized (41)/Comprehensive (24) – Research (10)/Private (7)/State (24)/ Deemed

(16)/National (8) – Location (map)


Data Coding: Synthetic Vision/Mission

• Construction of a synthetic vision/mission statement for each institution within the framework

• Examples: – Alliance University

• Original: “Alliance University’s vision is to be a world-class University that nurtures talent and catalytically transforms the lives of millions through excellence in teaching, research, service and community development. To uphold a commitment to shaping lives through scholarly teaching and learning, and that which contributes to an equitable and holistic transformation of society at large.”

• Synthetic: A leading institution in the world in education, service and research in sciences, professions, humanities, and fine arts for scientific, technical, economic, social and cultural development in a knowledge society.

– Tumkur University • Original: “To create a generation of human resources to successfully meet

the global challenges.” • Synthetic: An advanced institute in the state/province in education, research,

and service in humanities, sciences, and fine arts for social development in a knowledge society.


Coding Method: Synthesizing Vision/Mission

• Consensus coding – Agreement by four (Ramaprasad, Tanveer, Chetan,

Bhumika) on 35 institutions – Agreement by three (Ramaprasad, Tanveer,

Chetan/Bhumika) on 30 institutions • Initial coding by one person (Chetan/Bhumika) • Verification by a second person (Bhumika/Tanveer) • Discussion by all four (35) or by Ramaprasad and

Tanveer (30) and final coding • Priority of Function, Focus, and Outcome

determined by order of presentation and emphasis


Karnataka’s HE Aspiration


Research

Education

Serv

ice

Social Sc

ient

ific

Technical

Econ

omic

Cul

tura

l

Scie

nces

Prof

essi

ons

Humanities Fine Arts

A Le

adin

g

An

Adva

nced

A Pr

emie

r

Country State/ Province

World

Function Outcome Focus Aspiration

Scope

Scope Function Focus OutcomeThe [+] Premier (19) World (13) [in] Research (58) [in] Sciences (43) [for] Scientific (33)A/An Leading (27) Region (0) Education (56) Professions (38) Technical (24)

Advanced (19) Country (30) Service (34) Vocations (1) Economic (13)Basic State (22) Fine Arts (18) Social (52)

District(s) (0) Humanities/SS (26) Cultural (13)

Aspiration

[inst

itutio

n in

the]

deve

lopm

ent i

n a

know

ledg

e so

ciet

y

Aspiration Priority of Function, Focus, and Outcome


Item Rese

arch

Educ

atio

n

Serv

ice

Scie

nces

Prof

essi

ons

Voca

tions

Fine

Art

s

Hum

aniti

es/S

S

Scie

ntifi

c

Tech

nica

l

Econ

omic

Soci

al

Cultu

ral

Total count 58 56 34 43 38 1 18 26 33 24 13 52 13

Priority 1 26 38 1 31 18 0 4 12 28 7 1 25 4Priority 2 27 15 12 10 17 1 4 7 3 15 8 15 4Priority 3 5 3 21 2 2 0 4 7 1 2 4 7 3Priority 4 0 1 0 6 0 1 0 0 5 0Priority 5 2

Focus OutcomeFunction

Clusters of Institutions


Clusters of Attributes


Looking Back: Mapping the State-of-the-Practice

External data sources • University Grants Commission

(UGC) • National Assessment and

Accreditation Council (NAAC) • Rankings and surveys • Selective online portals • Indian Council for Social Science

Research (ICSSR) • All India Council for Technical

Education (AICTE) • Medical Council of India (MCI) • Association of Indian Universities • National Board of Accreditation

[NBA] (Established by AICTE)

Internal data sources • Annual reports/ Internal Quality

Assessment Committee/Annual Quality Assessment Reports

• Institution magazines • Brochures • Orientation program material • Convocation speeches • Annual budgets • Newsletters


State-of-the-Practice Data

• Sources – Multiple – Institutions, Karnataka

Knowledge Commission (KKC), NAAC, UGC, ICSSR, AICTE …

• Search – Varying difficulty – Online, physical, mail, e-mail,

visit • Selection – Varying difficulty

– Lens of the ontological framework

– Inclusive not exclusive • Storage and retrieval – Central

and current – Zotero knowledgebase – Links, documents, images,

notes

• Currency – Uneven – Current, recent, dated

• Quantity – Uneven – Rich, sufficient, sparse

• Quality – Uneven – Official, credible, promotional

• Organization/presentation – Uneven – Excellent to poor (not coded)


Zotero Knowledgebase

• Comprehensive: Includes all institutions • Current: Includes all documents available to date • Collaborative:

– All users can work with the same view synchronously and asynchronously – All users with writing rights can update the knowledgebase

• Transparent: The sources, citations, documents, are visible to all users • Replicable: The same knowledgebase can be replicated in other contexts • Repeatable: The knowledgebase can be repeated independently by other

users • Extensible in scope and time: New institutions can be added; data from new

time periods can be appended • Publishable: Can be made visible to the public selectively or universally with

individual read/write controls • Searchable: All documents and notes are automatically indexed • Sustainable: The knowledgebase can be sustained at a modest cost


Coding Method: Synthesizing State-of-the-Practice

• Three synthetic sentences per institution – One for each function: research, education, and service – Qualitative hypothesis testing based on the evidence – What is the valid synthetic statement about research, education,

and service we cannot reject based on the evidence? • Assessment of data currency, quantity, and quality for

each function for each institution • Consensus coding

– Initial coding by one person – Verification by a second person – Discussion by all four and final coding

• Rank of Focus and Outcome determined by evidence


Illustrative Synthetic State-of-the-Practice

• Alliance University – Synthetic Aspiration: A leading institution in the world

in education, service and research in sciences, professions, humanities, and fine arts for scientific, technical, economic, social and cultural development in a knowledge society.

– Synthetic State-of-the-Practice • An advanced university in the country in education in the

professions, sciences, and vocations for scientific, social, and technical development

• A basic university in the country in research in the professions for economic and social development

• No service data


Illustrative Synthetic State-of-the-Practice

• Tumkur University – Synthetic Aspiration: An advanced institute in the

state/province in education, research, and service in humanities, sciences, and fine arts for social development in a knowledge society.

– Synthetic State-of-the-Practice • The basic university in the district for education in

humanities/social sciences, sciences, and professions for social and economic development

• A leading university in the state in research in sciences and humanities/social sciences for scientific, social, and cultural development

• An advanced university in the state for service in humanities/social sciences and sciences for social, cultural, and scientific development.


Data Granularity


Data Currency, Quantity, and Quality


State-of-the-Practice of HE


Function The

Prem

ier

A Pr

emie

r

The

Lead

ing

A Le

adin

g

The

Adva

nced

An A

dvan

ced

The

Basi

c

A Ba

sic

Wor

ld

Coun

try

Stat

e

Dist

rict(

s)

Scie

nces

Prof

essi

ons

Voca

tions

Fine

Art

s

Hum

aniti

es/S

S

Scie

ntifi

c

Tech

nica

l

Econ

omic

Soci

al

Cultu

ral

Research 0 0 5 13 8 22 4 9 1 41 14 5 42 24 7 7 28 42 22 16 38 14Education 1 2 2 13 4 20 7 12 1 32 23 5 40 39 16 13 28 40 22 27 43 15Service 0 0 3 6 3 18 7 18 0 15 29 11 28 24 13 4 26 21 17 11 46 16

Realization Scope Focus Outcome

Looking at the State-of-Practice of Research (1)


Looking at the State-of-Practice of Research (2)


Archetype 1 in research: An advanced institution in the country for research in sciences, professions, and humanities/social sciences, for scientific, technical, economic, and social development.

Looking at the State-of-Practice of Education (1)


Looking at the State-of-Practice of Education (2)


Archetype 1 in education: An institution in the state for education in sciences, professions, and humanities/social sciences, for scientific, economic, and social development.

Archetype 2 in education: An advanced institution in fine arts in the country for cultural development.

Archetype 3 in education: A leading institution in vocations for technical development.

Looking at the State-of-Practice of Service (1)


Looking at the State-of-Practice of Service (2)


Archetype 2 in service: A basic institution in the state and district(s) for service in humanities and social sciences for social and cultural development.

Archetype 1 in service: An advanced institution for service in sciences, professions, and vocations, for scientific, technical, and economic development.

Looking at the Gaps in HE


Scope Function Focus OutcomeThe [+] Premier (19) World (13) [in] Research (58) [in] Sciences (43) [for] Scientific (33)A/An Leading (27) Region (0) Education (56) Professions (38) Technical (24)

Advanced (19) Country (30) Service (34) Vocations (1) Economic (13)Basic State (22) Fine Arts (18) Social (52)

District(s) (0) Humanities/SS (26) Cultural (13)

Aspiration

[inst

itutio

n in

the]

deve

lopm

ent i

n a

know

ledg

e so

ciet

y

Looking into the Future

• Looking to bridge the gaps through HE reforms • Looking across HE systems

– Other states, countries • Looking at HE longitudinally

– By time periods • Looking through a different lens

– Extending/Reducing the ontology – Refining/Coarsening the ontology

• Looking broadly at the map, not narrowly at the rank • Looking at the evidence systemically, systematically,

and symmetrically Ramaprasad, Hasan, and Singai HER_Presentation_10_03_2013 32

Higher Education Reforms: A Method for Looking Back – Looking ForwardThis presentation is based on the project: A Higher Education System for a Knowledge Society in Karnataka funded by the Karnataka Knowledge Commission AgendaHE in KarnatakaKnowledge Ecology of Karnataka1Looking at HE Through the Lens of an OntologyMethod for Looking Forward – Looking BackLooking at the Gaps in HE - IllustrationLooking Forward: Mapping the State-of-the-AspirationData Coding: Synthetic Vision/MissionCoding Method: Synthesizing Vision/MissionKarnataka’s HE AspirationAspiration Priority of Function, Focus, and OutcomeClusters of InstitutionsClusters of AttributesLooking Back: Mapping the State-of-the-PracticeState-of-the-Practice DataZotero KnowledgebaseCoding Method: Synthesizing State-of-the-PracticeIllustrative Synthetic State-of-the-PracticeIllustrative Synthetic State-of-the-PracticeData GranularityData Currency, Quantity, and QualityState-of-the-Practice of HELooking at the State-of-Practice of Research (1)Looking at the State-of-Practice of Research (2)Looking at the State-of-Practice of Education (1)Looking at the State-of-Practice of Education (2)Looking at the State-of-Practice of Service (1)Looking at the State-of-Practice of Service (2)Looking at the Gaps in HELooking into the Future

higher education reforms: a method for looking back ......her_presentation_10_03_2013 6 looking at...

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