higher education and education for all towards greater interaction and a new paradigm georges haddad...

Higher Education and Higher Education and Education for AllEducation for All

Higher Education and Higher Education and Education for AllEducation for AllTowards greater interaction

and a new paradigm

Georges Haddad Victor Ordonez November, 2004

(Basic Education)(Basic Education)

Education for AllEducation for All Dakar, 2000

Points of InteractionPoints of Interaction

Higher Higher EducationEducation

Emerging ParadigmsEmerging Paradigms

Jomtien, 1990Medieval times

Paris, 1998

• A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:* The Evolution of the * The Evolution of the Social ContractSocial Contract between between universities and society universities and society – From guilds and intellectual centers for the eliteFrom guilds and intellectual centers for the elite– To universities expanding access to serving To universities expanding access to serving

greater needs of societygreater needs of society– Recent unprecedented growthRecent unprecedented growth

Higher EducationHigher Education

Enrollment in higher education in Asia and the Pacific Region 1970-1997

Enrollment in higher education in Asia and the Pacific Region 1970-1997

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1997

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Southern Asia

Eastern Asia

Former USSR

South eastern Asia

Oceania

Students in higher education per 100,000 inhabitants 1980 and 1992 and 1996

Students in higher education per 100,000 inhabitants 1980 and 1992 and 1996

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Korea. Rep of

New Zealand

Australia

Phillipine

Japan

Thailand

Malaysia

Nepal

India

Myanmar

Indonesia

Bangladesh

Pakistan

Vietnam

China

1996

1992

1980

• A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:

* The Evolution of the * The Evolution of the Social ContractSocial Contract


*Alternative forms and emerging challenges*Alternative forms and emerging challenges–University responsibilities toward societal issues:University responsibilities toward societal issues:

poverty, HIV/AIDS, sustainable development, UN poverty, HIV/AIDS, sustainable development, UN Millennium Development Goals, etc.Millennium Development Goals, etc.–Student responsibilities and mobilizationStudent responsibilities and mobilization–Privatization and collaborative partnershipsPrivatization and collaborative partnerships

Gross enrollment ratios in higher education for 1990 and latest available year

Gross enrollment ratios in higher education for 1990 and latest available year

0 20 40 60 80 100

World

Developed Countries

countries in transition

developing countries

least developed countries

North America

Europe

Sub Saharan Africa

ARAB States

Latin America/Cr.

East Asia/Ocea.

Soiuth Asia

latest available year

1990

• MAIN THEMES FROM THE 1998 WCHEMAIN THEMES FROM THE 1998 WCHE

– Focus on development, public good, human Focus on development, public good, human rightright

– Relevance to society, and its changing world of Relevance to society, and its changing world of workwork

– Resources and financing alternatives in light of Resources and financing alternatives in light of expanding accessexpanding access

– Internationalization and fostering partnershipsInternationalization and fostering partnerships


• A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETYIN SOCIETY– Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a

radically fast-changing world of workradically fast-changing world of work– Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Responding to wider needs of society: EFA,

Millennium Development Goals (gender), Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)justice, equity, tolerance)


05

101520253035404550

East Asia South EastAsia

South Asia Oceania

1980

2000

Female Participation (Third Level)Female Participation (Third Level)

• A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETYA REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETY

– Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a radically fast-changing world of workradically fast-changing world of work

– Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)(environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)

– New state governance mechanisms to incorporate New state governance mechanisms to incorporate broader partnerships and finance mechanisms broader partnerships and finance mechanisms (privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)(privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)


Share of enrollment in private higher education

Share of enrollment in private higher education

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Pakistan

Malaysia

Thailand

Bangladesh

India

Indonesia

Japan

Korea, Rep of

Philippines

Percent

• A REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETYA REDEFINED ROLE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOCIETY

– Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a Re-designing delivery systems for new demands of a radically fast-changing world of workradically fast-changing world of work

– Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Responding to wider needs of society: EFA, Millennium Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development Development Goals (gender), Sustainable Development (environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)(environment, HIV/AIDS, justice, equity, tolerance)

– New state governance mechanisms to incorporate New state governance mechanisms to incorporate broader partnerships and finance mechanisms broader partnerships and finance mechanisms (privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)(privatization, cost recovery, corporatization)


Education for AllEducation for All

Dakar, 2000





Paris, 1998

• The Jomtien 1990 Declaration and visionThe Jomtien 1990 Declaration and vision– The Imperatives for prioritizing EFAThe Imperatives for prioritizing EFA– Expanded vision for basic educationExpanded vision for basic education

• Lessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decadeLessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decade– Statistical overview: comprehensive Statistical overview: comprehensive

research results: much has been done, research results: much has been done, much remains to domuch remains to do


The Race Against IlliteracyThe Race Against Illiteracy

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Illiterates

Literates


• Lessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decadeLessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decade– Statistical overview: comprehensive Statistical overview: comprehensive

research results: much has been done, research results: much has been done, much remains to domuch remains to do

– From advocacy to activity to analysisFrom advocacy to activity to analysis


Advocacy

Analysis

Activity

Jomtien, 1990

Dakar, 2000

Amman,1996

Bangkok,2000

Examples:

•girls’ education

•international aid


• Lessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decadeLessons from the EFA 1990-2000 decade– Statistical overview: comprehensive research Statistical overview: comprehensive research

results: much has been done, much remains to results: much has been done, much remains to dodo

– From advocacy to activity to analysisFrom advocacy to activity to analysis– The next crisis: secondary educationThe next crisis: secondary education


EDU 10. Primary and secondary school gross enrolment ratio in EAP countries, 2001 or latest year

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fi j i Islands Lao P DR Viet Nam Indonesia Br unei E ast T imor China DP R Kor ea Mongol ia P hi l ippines Cambodia Myanmar Rep. of

Kor ea

Malaysia Singapor e T hai land P NG E AP

Per cent

Primary school gross enrolment ratio

EDU 10. Primary and secondary school gross enrolment ratio in EAP countries, 2001 or latest year

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fiji Islands Lao PDR Viet Nam Indonesia Brunei East Timor China DPR Korea Mongolia Philippines Cambodia Myanmar Rep. of Korea Malaysia Singapore Thailand PNG EAP

Per cent

Primary school gross enrolment ratio Secondary school gross enrolment ratio

• THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGESEDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES– Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the

Millennium Development Goal for access and Millennium Development Goal for access and gendergender


UNESCO UNICEF LDC Survey

50% of children not in school50% do not finish the first four years60-80% students have no place to sit or write 40% classrooms have no chairs or tables forteachers45% classrooms have no blackboards80-90% have no classrooms cupboards, nolibraries55 up to 110 children in each classroom90% children learn in language of instructionnew to themTeachers generally male, young, inexperienced,poorly trained, sometimes absent

• THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGESEDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES– Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the Access: Reaching the unreached; achieving the

Millennium Development Goal for access and Millennium Development Goal for access and gendergender

– Quality: relevance; drop-outs and repetitionQuality: relevance; drop-outs and repetition


9581 8993 78100

79717067 63

100

949698 89 91100

8479 7374 67100

8775

10063 55

Latin America/Caribbean

Sub-Saharan Africa

Arab States

South Asia

East Asia / Oceania

Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4Grade 1

1992

1989

74

Survival rates in primary education(percentage of pupils reaching succesive grades)

Survival rates in primary education(percentage of pupils reaching succesive grades)

23.2

10.1

5.0

10.9

2

17.5

7.3 7.5 7.1

4

20.7

7.7

11.7

9

4

per

cent

Sub-Saharan AfricaArab States

Latin America/CaribbeanAsia/Pacific

OECD

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Final grade

Grade 2

Grade1

Repetition rates in the first grades of primary education

• THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC THE UNFINISHED STRUGGLE FOR BASIC EDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGESEDUCATION: CONTINUING CHALLENGES– Access: Reaching the unreachedAccess: Reaching the unreached

– Quality: relevance to learning needs; drop-outs and Quality: relevance to learning needs; drop-outs and repetitionrepetition


– Broadening partnerships; enlisting the higher Broadening partnerships; enlisting the higher education sectoreducation sector

– Role of information and innovationRole of information and innovation

–Securing financial and social supportSecuring financial and social support

95

100

105

110

115

120

1980 1990 1995 2000

change

School Age Population

Enrolment

Average Basic Education Trend

95

100

105

110

115

120

1980 1990 1995 2000

change

School Age Population

Budget in Education

Enrolment

Average Basic Education Trend

Ingredients for SuccessIngredients for Success Financial resourcesFinancial resources Human capacityHuman capacity Political/social willPolitical/social will


Dakar, 2000





Paris, 1998


Community service

Re-designingcontent of

study

Teacher training:pre-service and

In-Service

Applying research from

neuro-sciences, psychology

Conscienti-zation and

social responsibility

Policy research

andadvocacy

Possible recommendations to be Possible recommendations to be drawn up:drawn up:

Traditional outreach focused on EFA; credit for this

Strengthening ministry links for pre-service and in-service

teacher education

Creating bridges between researchers and policy makers;

fostering new partnerships

Instilling social responsibility for EFA among university

students, e.g. UNILIT

Higher education and sustainable development (environment,

HIV/AIDS, equity, etc.)

Possible calls for action:Possible calls for action:Calling on ICTs to build knowledge societies

Calling on international agencies and governments to

recognize the role of universities and engage them in

development agendas and EFA strategies

Calling on strengthening university twinning

Calling on special strategies for countries in special situations

Calling on NGOs in Higher Ed and NGOs in EFA to work

more closely together

An Agenda for

Higher Education and EFA

Collaboration

Specific Proposals


Dakar, 2000





Paris, 1998

• Causative Factors:Causative Factors:– Globalization/interdependence: what is inevitable and Globalization/interdependence: what is inevitable and

what is avoidablewhat is avoidable– Complexity theory and the pace/nature of changeComplexity theory and the pace/nature of change– State, government, and systems inadequaciesState, government, and systems inadequacies

• The Need for New Paradigms:The Need for New Paradigms:– Learning for equitable, sustainable interdependenceLearning for equitable, sustainable interdependence

• The Delors Vision: A Lifelong Learning SocietyThe Delors Vision: A Lifelong Learning Society


PRIMARYPRIMARY

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

HIGH HIGH

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

COLLEGESCOLLEGES

YOUTHYOUTH STRUCTUREDSTRUCTURED

FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL

SOCIETYSOCIETY

PRIMARYPRIMARY

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

HIGH HIGH

SCHOOLSSCHOOLS

COLLEGESCOLLEGES

YOUTHYOUTH

==================

======

SOCIETYSOCIETY

SEGREGATEDSEGREGATED

BY CLASSESBY CLASSES

YOUTHYOUTH

ANDAND

ADULTSADULTS

STRUCTUREDSTRUCTURED


SOCIETYSOCIETY

SPECIALIZEDSPECIALIZED BASICBASIC AND AND EDUCATIONEDUCATION

HIGHER HIGHER

EDUCATON EDUCATON

““SEAMLESS” LEARNINGSEAMLESS” LEARNING

YOUTHYOUTH

ANDAND

ADULTSADULTS

STRUCTUREDSTRUCTURED


SOCIETYSOCIETY

SPECIALIZEDSPECIALIZED BASICBASIC AND AND EDUCATIONEDUCATION

HIGHER HIGHER

EDUCATON EDUCATON

A LIFELONG LEARNING SOCIETYA LIFELONG LEARNING SOCIETY


Dakar, 2000





Paris, 1998

Higher Education and Higher Education and Education for AllEducation for All

Higher Education and Higher Education and Education for AllEducation for AllTowards greater interaction

and a new paradigm

Georges Haddad Victor Ordonez November, 2004

higher education and education for all towards greater interaction and a new paradigm georges haddad...

Documents

basic education education

private higher education

level slide

wider needs of society

societya redefined role

new demands

latest available year

historical perspective