high gradient test results from x-box1
DESCRIPTION
High gradient test results from X-BOX1. Ben Woolley XBOX Team CERN, Switzerland December 2013. Xbox-1 Layout. Clockwise from top-left: Modulator/klystron (50MW, 1.5us pulse) Pulse compressor (250ns, ratio 2.8) DUT + connections Acc. structure (TD26CC). Gallery. Bunker. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
High gradient test results from X-BOX1
Ben WoolleyXBOX Team
CERN, Switzerland
December 2013
![Page 2: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gallery
Bunker
Clockwise from top-left:• Modulator/klystron
(50MW, 1.5us pulse)• Pulse compressor
(250ns, ratio 2.8)• DUT + connections• Acc. structure (TD26CC)
Xbox-1 Layout
![Page 3: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
System Layout and diagnosticsPulse forming network
Interlock systems
Trig. And Clock
HLRF
D.U.T
![Page 4: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Accelerating Structure Diagnostics
CLIC Accelerating Structure3 dB Hybrid
RF Load RF Load
RF Load
Asymmetric Reflection
Incident power
Reflected Power
Transmitted Power
Ion gauge readout
Ion gauge readout
50 dB directional coupler
Upstream Faraday cup signal
Downstream Faraday cup signal
RF Power From Pulse Compressor
WR90 Waveguide
Input coupler Output coupler
Beam-pipe Beam-pipe
![Page 5: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Accelerating Structure DiagnosticsFaraday CupDirectional coupler Ion Gauge
Structure output couplers
RF Load
Structure input couplers
Temperature probe
RF hybrid splitter(behind metal support)
Ion Pump
Vacuum valveIon Gauge
![Page 6: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Operator display
![Page 7: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BD Detection: Breakdown• Transmitted pulse drops as the
arc is established.• Reflected power increases to
the same order as the incident pulse.
• Faraday cup voltages are saturated: 100-1000x increase in charge emitted.
• We can use the difference in time between the transmitted power falling and the reflected power increasing to find the BD cell location.
• The phase of the reflected signal is used to pinpoint cell location.
Wilfrid Farabolini
![Page 8: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Breakdown: Steps taken
• We stop the next pulse from occurring and wait 2 seconds to let the vacuum level recover.
• All the signals are logged to file for later analysis.
• Over 20-30 seconds we ramp the power from zero back to the power set-point.
![Page 9: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cavity Conditioning Algorithm
• Automatically controls incident power to structure.
• Short term: +10kW steps every 6 min and -10kW per BD event.
• Long Term: Measures BDR (1MPulse moving avg.) and will stop power increase if BDR too high.
![Page 10: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
100 MV/m
Full-fledged CLIC accelerating structure TD26R05CC build by CERN is successfully processed in XBOX1 up to 107 MW/m unloaded accelerating gradient at 250 ns pulses . We have started now study of breakdown rate evolution at the fixed (100 MV/m) gradient.
CLIC
XBOX1
05.12.2013
~7x10
-5 BrD/p
ulse
~2x10-5BrD/pulse
Pulse: 50ns 100ns 150ns 200ns 250ns
![Page 11: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Following CLIC structure design criteria's (A. Grudiev), we expect that at the fixed breakdown rate, the accelerating gradient scales with pulse length as:
𝐸𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚=𝐸0× ( 𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 /𝑡0 )1/6
In the next plot, the processing results were renormalized with respect to 250 ns data.
Results: Renormalized pulse width
![Page 12: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
#1500
~200 ns
#668 Total:11168
![Page 13: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BD cell location: TD26CC
![Page 14: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BD cell location: TD24R05
![Page 15: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phase measurementsReflected phase are grouped and separated by 2p/3
About 25% of BDs see a drift in position:
• REF pulse is split in 2 parts that shows 2 different phases
• The overall phase change is always negative BD arc is moving towards the input.
![Page 16: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wilfrid Farabolini
New Developments• Dark current signal has
been split and sampled at 1.25GSPS. Also we’ve added incident RF signal diode. Used to collect data for stress model analysis of the 100 pulses leading up to a BD event.
• We have successfully demonstrated that we can produce a CLIC pulse shape using the pulse compressor and the phase programmer.
![Page 17: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Recent 100MV/m run
Large BD triggers period of lower BDR but increases dark current.Also after this period there are less cluster events 45% vs. 25%.
![Page 18: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The big picture
□ - Measured Values
○ - Rescaled by pulse width
× - Rescaled to 100MV/m
![Page 19: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Results: TD26CC UP-TIME
Uptime~75%
Re-Calibration of signal paths>1week
Klystron debugging
Uptime <50%
![Page 20: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Klystron Vacuum + Gun Arcs
Klystron gun arcs cause high vacuum for 20-50hrs
![Page 21: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Klystron Vacuum + Gun ArcsGun arc causes erratic readings on the gun ion pump. Possible that IP is damaged.
Gun arc discharges to the local ground loop, we see noise on all acquisition signals.
![Page 22: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Xbox-1: Future Developments• Try to solve ‘live with’ the klystron arcs. (Possible replacement with 2nd CPI XL5 tube).
• Continue to develop phase measurement analysis.– Increase accuracy.– BD cell locations.– BD phase drifts.
• Utilise other methods for BD cell location: dark current signals and X-rays emitted during BD.
• Soon to have installation of dark current energy spectrometer Should give better indication of the energies involved in accelerating electrons and ions during a BD.
• Quicker/better method of calibration to be devised (less downtime).
• Continue conditioning of the TD26CC structure.
• Start dog-leg run in March to establish link between BDR and beam loading.
22
![Page 23: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Future Developments: XBOX-2LLRF Board Fully Tested
PXI hardware purchased andSoftware partially completed
Functional plan completed
CPI-XL5 tube fully conditioned at SLAC
![Page 24: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
RF components & RF network integration
![Page 25: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Future Developments: XBOX-3
• 4 turn-key 6 MW, 11.9942 GHz, 400Hz power stations (klystron/modulator) have been ordered from industry.
• The first unit is scheduled to arrive at CERN in October 2014. The full delivery will be completed before July 2015.
![Page 26: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Online automatic adjustment of the compressed pulse (arbitrary) shape.
![Page 27: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Summary• TD26CC structure is conditioned up to 103MV/m for required
CLIC pulse shape and BDR.• Gun arcs in the klystron have slowed progress.• Work and planning to greatly expand our testing capability is
well underway.
![Page 28: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Thank you for your attention!
![Page 29: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Extra Slides
![Page 30: High gradient test results from X-BOX1](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070417/56815502550346895dc2ed47/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Future LLRF Generation and Acquisition for X-band test stands
IF2.4 GHz Oscillator
9.6GHz BPF
Amp
Vector Modulator
RFout
LOin LOout
12GHz vector modulated
signal to DUT
2.9 GHz Oscillator
X4 freq.
RF
LO
LOIF RF
12 GHz BPF
12 GHz BPF
12GHz CW reference
signal
2.4GHz vector modulated
signal
2.4GHz CW reference signal
11.6 GHz BPF
X4 freq.
LO
IF
RF Input 1
400 MHzLPFs
LO
IF
RF Input 2
LO
IF
RF Input 3
LO
IF
RF_Referance12GHz CW reference
signal
3dB hybrid
AmpIF Amps
Oscillators should be phase locked
1.6 GSPS
12-bit ADCs
Digital IQ demodulation