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High flexibility Distributed Power
Plant to support intermittent
Renewable Power GenerationMike Welch
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.
siemens.com/power-gas© Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved.
Michael Welch / Siemens AGApril 2017
© Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved.
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Disclaimer
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TRENT® and RB211® are registered trade marks of and used under license from Rolls-Royce plc. Trent, RB211, 501 and Avon are trade marks of and used under
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Michael Welch / Siemens AGApril 2017
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Contents
Introduction: the Energy Trilemma
Decentralized Power
Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Flexible
Decentralized Power Generation
Cost of Energy
Security of Supply
Environment
Hybrid Solutions
Conclusions
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Security of
Supply
Price of
Energy
Environment
Introduction
The Energy Trilemma
Growing demand for affordable electricity
Modern society requires security of power supplies
Need to limit impact of power generation on both the local
and global environment
Focus on only one area can cause problems
High penetration of intermittent renewables has created
security of supply and price problems
Change in operational requirements of fossil fuel power
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Changing Operational Needs
Rapid changes in fossil fuel power
generation output caused by non-
dispatchable intermittent renewables
Power plant designed for base load
having to operate as mid-merit or
peaking plant
Part-load operation of centralised fossil
plant or maintained as spinning reserve
‘Clean’ natural gas fossil fuel generation
under cost pressures
Security of supply risks, increased
emissions
Water constraints
Introduction
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Introduction
• Flexibility
• Fast Response
• Frequent Cycling
• Fuel Switching
Changing requirements for Power Plants
Fossil Power Generation needed
• Distributed Power can help address
these challenges
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Decentralized Power
Decentralised Power can help address
the challenges of the Energy Trilemma
Located close to load demand centres
Reduced transmission losses
Connected to distribution network
Frequency and voltage support
Can satisfy a local heat demand
Multiple units
Increased availability
Enhanced operational range
High efficiency across wide load range
Minimised environmental footprint
Low initial investment
Easy expansion
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Natural Gas – the fuel of choice for Decentralized Power
Low CO2 emissions
Widespread availability
Transportable
• Pipeline, LNG, CNG
Storage possibilities
Economic
Clean burning
• Low CO, NOx, UHC, PM0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Natural
Gas
Diesel Coal Lignite Wood MSW (non-
Biomass)
CO2 Emission Factors (T per MWh)
Ideal, low carbon fuel for Distributed Power
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Price of Energy
High Energy Efficiency
Competitive Installed Costs
Compact Modular Packages Small footprint, ease of future expansion
Low maintenance and plant manpower costs Core exchange principal
Fast start-up possibilities with no maintenance
penalties No EOH on aero-derivatives
Low cost fuel
Low waste disposal Lube oil & water treatment chemicals
0 20 40 60 80 100
Open Cycle
Separate Heat & Power
Combined Cycle
Cogeneration
Overall Energy Efficiency (%)
Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Decreasing
Steam Pressure
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Price of Energy: Pulse Load Operation
Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Open
Cycle
CCGT ORC
4
8
14
Cost per Pulse (US$)
Operating cost comparison for differing pulse
length for different power plant configurations
based on 50MW class aero-derivative gas turbine
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Security of Supply
Potential to connect to Grid at
Distribution level
Voltage and frequency support to
avoid the need for load shedding
Multiple units: high station
availability / low maintenance
downtimes
Black start and multi-fuel capability
Low starting power
Potential to combine with energy
storage solutions
Fast start and cycling capability
Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
99.5% Start Reliability
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Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Security of Supply
• Full power from cold in less than 10
minutes
• >12MW/min ramp rate per unit
• Low emissions to full load
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Environment
High Efficiency across wide load range
through multiple units
Low combustion emissions across wide
load range and on start-up
NOx, CO, UHC, Methane Slip
Water-free CCGT potential
Organic Rankine Cycle
Supercritical CO2
Reduced construction times through
modularity
Compact Footprint
Displace Fuels Oils with Natural gas or NGLs
Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Maintains SGT-800 CCGT net efficiency above 50% down to <25% power plant rated output
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Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Environment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NaturalGas
Diesel Propane NaturalGas +
3g/kWhMethane
Slip
Combustion Only
Life Cycle Emissions
CO2 released (kg/mmBtu)
Sources:
EIA 2007, US EPA 2009, GREET 1.8c
Will be higher if
methane accepted as
being 35 times worse
GHG than CO2
CO2 Emissions
per hour for
100MW @ 50%
efficiency
37
51
44
490
100
200
300
400
500
600
NOx (ppm)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Relative NOx emissions
Natural Gas
Propane
Diesel
≈ 170 tonnes /
year
Equivalent to 0.5 million
car journeys of 10 miles
30MW Class DLE Gas Turbine
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Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Environment
• Growing concern over impact of
methane emissions to atmosphere
• Several studies in Marine applications
on using LNG as fuel
• Methane slip reduces CO2 benefit of
LNG compared to diesel or HFO
• 9MW spark ignition gas engine with
typical 5g/kWh methane slip at full load
is > 1 tonne/hour CO2 eq.• Methane slip increases as load decreases:
typically 40g/kWh at 25% load
Tonnes/Year
250MW Power Plant
700 hours/year operation
Natural Gas fuel
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Addressing the Energy Trilemma with Decentralized Power
Environment
• Reducing water consumption in Power
Generation• Cooling
• Blow-down
• Steam Cycle
• ‘Zero water’ solutions• Organic Rankine Cycle
• Supercritical CO2
• Increased efficiency over open cycle
• Competitive CAPEX
• Reduced OPEX and maintenance costs over
steam cycles
• Available for all scales of power generation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ISO Gross Electrical Efficiency (%)
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Hybrid Solutions
Combining fossil fuel power plant with
complementary technologies to better
address the Energy Trilemma
• Energy Storage
• Batteries
• Hydrogen
• Renewables
• ‘Stand-alone’ solutions
• Renewables as baseload
• Fossil plant follows load demand
• Integrated Systems
• Reduces fossil fuel consumption
but ensures security of power
supply
Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)
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Hybrid Solutions
Faster Response for Improved Security of Supply
• Gas Turbine or CCGT with Battery Storage: Instantaneous response and Grid Ancillary Services
Power
Time
Blackstart
Frequency Response
Spinning
Reserve
Fast ramp-up and
ramp-down support
Fast ramp-down
support
Clean range
minimum load
Primary
Frequency
Response
Fast
Start Up
Secondary
Frequency
Response
Peak Power Part
Load
Manual
Operation
Fast
Shut Down
BLOCTime
to Sync
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Hybrid Solutions
Integrated Solar Combined Cycle: >60%
efficiency at small scale
• Natural Gas as primary fuel
• Solar energy from solar thermal collectors
provides steam for bottoming (steam) cycle
• Two plant options:• Boost total plant output during daylight hours
• Load following with part-load gas turbine operation
• Steam cycle can be replaced with ORC for
simplified solution• Common thermal oil circuit for solar field and
GT/WHRUs
• Lower CAPEX, zero waterG. Franchini, A. Perdichizzi, S. Ravelli University of Bergamo (Italy): Performance prediction of solarized
CC power plants operating in a load-following strategy POWER-GEN AFRICA, July 19-21, 2016,
Johannesburg, South Africa 11/16
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Conclusions
Gas Turbine-based Decentralised Power can play a major role in
the future of Power Generation with a high penetration of
intermittent Renewable Power Generation
Flexibility to meet Market requirements
Applicable for any power output needs
Helps address the Energy Trilemma
Affordable cost of energy
Secure supplies
Minimised environmental footprint
Support for Grids with high penetration of Intermittent Renewables
Potential to combine with other technologies to maximise operational
flexibility and minimise environmental footprint
Michael Welch / Siemens AGApril 2017
© Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved.
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Mike Welch
Industry Marketing Manager
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.
Waterside South
Lincoln, United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (1522) 584000
Mobile: +44 (7921) 242234
E-mail: [email protected]
Thank you for your attention!
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