hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · smooth muscle de biasi et al.,...

Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics – macro, meso and micro and beyond Matts Karlsson Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics & Biomedical Modelling and Simulation Linköping University

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Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics –

macro, meso and micro and beyond

Matts Karlsson

Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics &

Biomedical Modelling and Simulation

Linköping University

Page 2: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Page 3: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Page 4: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Time-resolved 3D Flow Assessment using MRI

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Right atrium

Particle trace visualization of blood flow in the left (red) and right (blue) side of the heart

Cardiovascular MR group: T. Ebbers, P. Dyverfeldt, et al. www.liu.se/cmr

Page 5: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

SRRS

RSE

)1(2

1)1(

23 Ipe

CW Q

)(

2222

RFFRCFFC

RCCRRRCCFF

EEEEb

EEEEbEbQ

Kinematics

Stress

Constitutive equation

Page 6: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Biomechanics Mechanobiology Stress = f(structure, load) Structure = g(stress)

past future

Page 7: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Surgery and engineering in symbiosis…

…markers meet finite elements

Page 8: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Annulus

Ant. Com.

Post. Com.

AML Free-Edge

Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984

Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966

Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Interstitial Cells Taylor et al., 2003 MITRAL VALVE ANTERIOR LEAFLET

Atrial Excitation Curtis & Priola, 1992

Blood Vessels Swanson et al., 2008

Miller/Ingels et al Stanford, AJP 2008

Page 10: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Control Electrical Stimulation

Control vs. Electrical Stimulation: half the strain, double the stiffness

Miller/Ingels et al Stanford, AJP 2008

Page 11: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Page 12: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Page 13: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Individual variability: subject specific aorta

Renner et al, LiU

Page 14: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Cardio-Vascular CFD: FSI

Page 15: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

FSI – influence from the wall

Page 16: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Page 17: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Rationale: Atherosclerosis

Constant WSS Oscillating WSS

Endothelial Cells

Page 18: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

Z=3D Z=4D

Page 19: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

LDL (Colesterol) Modeling

Passive scalar transport equation, C = LDL concentration

with the BC*:

* Wada and Karino, Biorheology 39, 1999

Blood flow

LDL

Page 20: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

WSS and LDL

Systolic acceleration

Peak systole

Systolic deceleration

Diastole

Early systole

Page 21: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

WSS and LDL

50 cardiac cycles, approx. 2.5 Billion points

LDL ≤ -1/3

WSS Constant +1 .

Page 22: Hierarchical modeling of cardiovascular biomechanics macro ... · Smooth Muscle De Biasi et al., 1984 Atrial Muscle Cooper et al., 1966 Sensory and Motor Nerves Marron et al., 1996

WSS (rat)

Länne: Atherosclerosis tomorrow!

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