hgs petroleum exploration methods what geologists and geophysicists
DESCRIPTION
HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods Part II: Petroleum System: Source Houston Geological Society Academic Liaison CommitteeTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
1
HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
What Geologists and Geophysicistsdo to find oil and gas
Cerro Azul #4 blow-out, Veracruz, Mexico February 1916
![Page 2: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
2
Part II: Petroleum System:
Source
HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
![Page 3: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
3
![Page 4: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
4
Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”
Oil is formed in sedimentary rocks that contain large quantities of organic material. Most of the world’s oil is generated from rocks containing algae, an aquatic plant
![Page 5: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
5
Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”Oil forms from organic matter that is "cooked" deep within the earth for long periods of time at low temperatures.
Fossil organic matter is called kerogen
![Page 6: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
6
Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”
![Page 7: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
7
Petroleum System
Spill PointSpill Point
Seal Rock(Mudstone)Reservoir Rock
(Sandstone)Migration from‘Kitchen’
1) Early Generation
2) Late Generation
Gas displaces all oil
Gas beginning to displace oil
Displaced oil accumulates
A Dynamic Entity
![Page 8: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
8
Generation MigrationAccumulation
and Preservation
Petroleum System: Timing is CriticalPetroleum System: Timing is Critical
Processes:
Elements: Source Rock
Migration Avenue
Reservoir and Seal
TrapTrap Must Be Available Before/During Migration
![Page 9: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
9
Part II: Petroleum System:
Reservoir
HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
![Page 10: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
10
Reservoir: Oil is stored in “reservoir rock”
Oil fills the pore-space between grains
![Page 11: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
11
Reservoir: Oil is stored in “reservoir rock”Sand grains are white, pore space is blue
Porosity = 26%, permeability = 2434 md
![Page 12: HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods What Geologists and Geophysicists](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051103/5a4d1b497f8b9ab0599a4eb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
12
Reservoir SandstonePore-Filling Cement Reduces Quality
= Less Space for Petroleum
Cement(pink)