INTRODUCTION

Learning styles refers to an individual’s preferred manner of processing material, or characteristic style of acquiring and using information when learning.

CLASSIFICATION OF LEARNING STYLES

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Felder-Silverman Learning Model

Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument

Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory

Honey and Mumford’s Classification

Bernice McCarthy

CARL JUNG PERSONALITY THEORY &

MBTI

CARL JUNG PERSONALITY THEORY & MBTI

Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school

of analytical psychology. He proposed that the population was

made

of two basic types .. Extroverted : These type of people are seen as ‘people person’. They feel

confortable in groups have wide range of friends and know lots

of people. They jump too quickly into an activity and sometime

forget to stop and get clear on what they need to do. Introverted : These are seen as reserved lot, prefer keeping a low profile.

They know

just few people and prefer working alone.

And he also Identified two types of personalities ..

Perceiving (Sensing & Intuition)

These type of people are very responsive, they appear to be loose

and casual. They take work as play.

Judgement (Thinking & Feeling)

These type of people seems to prefer a planned life. They are task

oriented and make list of things to do. They plan work to avoid rushing

near deadlines.

THE MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)

MBTI is a widely used and Highly regarded system for understanding

and interpreting personality and drives most of its underpinning theory

from Carl Jung's psychological types ideas and to a lesser extent the

four humours.

The MBTI model and test instrument was introduced .by Katharine Briggs

and her daughter Isabel in 1942. This was highly influenced by Carl Jung’s

theory which relates to the aspect of personality and behaviour.

MBIT Model is particularly useful for..

Understanding & Developing yourself

Understanding & Developing others

Understanding what Motivates others

Understanding others strengths & weaknesses

Working in teams

Allocating and agreeing tasks & projects responsibilities.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALs ACCORDING

TO MBTI EXTROVERSION VS INTROVERSION

Extroversion…

They are seen as “Out Going” or as a people person.

They feel comfortable in groups and like working in them.

They have a wide range of friends and know lots of people.

They sometimes jump too quickly into an activity and do not allow enough

time to think it over.

Introversion

They are seen as “reflective” or “reserved”.

They feel comfortable being alone and like things ,they can do on their

own.

They prefer to know just few people well.

They sometimes forget to check with the outside world to see if their ideas

really fit the experience.

SENSING & INTUITION

Sensing…

Sensing types pays attention to physical reality , what they

see, hear,

touch, and smell. they notice facts and remember details

that are

important to them. They like to see the practical use of

thing, Experience

speaks to them louder then words.

Intuition..

Intuition type pays more attention to Impressions or the

meaning

and patterns of the information's they get .They would

rather learn

by thinking a problem than by hands on experience , an

they more

think about the future than the past.

THINKING VS FEELING

Thinking…

This type makes a decisions they like to find the basic truth or principles to

be

applied, regardless of the specific situation involved.

Feeling…

They believe that they can make the best decisions by weighing what

people care

about the points of view of persons involved in a situation. An appear

caring, warm

And tactful.

JUDGING VS PERCEIVING

Judging :

It seems to prefer a planned or orderly way of life. Like to have things settled

and

organised. Feel more comfortable when decisions are made and like to bring

life control

as much as possible.

Pereceiving :

They seems to be prefer a flexible and spontaneous way of life and they like to

understand and adopt to the world rather than organise it

FELDER-SILVERMANLEARNING STYLE

Established by Richard Felder & Linda Silverman

in 1988

FELDER-SILVERMANSensing/Intuitive

Visual/Verbal

Inductive/Deductive

Active/Reflective

Sequential/Global

Felder-Silverman

Sensing Concrete, Practical Oriented toward facts and procedures

Intuitive Conceptual, Innovative Oriented toward theories and meanings

Felder-Silverman

Visual Prefer visual representations of material Pictures, Diagrams, Flow charts

Verbal Prefer written and spoken explanations

Felder-Silverman

Inductive Prefer presentations that proceed from the specific to

the general

Deductive Prefer presentations that go from general to the

specific

Felder-Silverman

Active Learn by trying things out Prefer working with others

Reflective Learn by thinking things through Prefer working alone

Felder-Silverman

Sequential Linear, Orderly Learn in small incremental steps

Global Holistic, Systems thinkers Learn in large leaps

HERRMANN BRAIN DOMINANCE INSTRUMENT

INTRODUCTION

The HBDI is the world’s leading thinking styles. It defines your preferred approach to

EMOTIONAL

ANALYTICAL

STRATEGIC THINKING

STRUCTURAL

HERMANN IDENTIFIES FOUR DIFFERENT MODES OF THINKING:

1) Analytical Thinking

Components: Logical thinking, factual, critical, technical and quantitative.

Preferred Activities: Collecting data, analysis, understanding how things work, criteria and logical thinking.

2) Sequential Thinking:

Components: Safekeeping, structured, organized, complexity or detailed, planned.

Preferred Activities: Following directions, detail oriented work, step by step problem solving, organization and implementation.

3) Interpersonal Thinking:

Components : Kinesthetic, emotional, spiritual, sensory , feeling.

Preferred Activities: Listening to and expressing ideas, looking for personal meaning, sensory input and group interaction.

4) Imaginative Thinking:

Components: Visual, holistic, intuitive, innovative and conceptual.

Preferred Activities: Visuals, metamorphic thinking, creative problem solving , long term thinking.

Applications :

Individual, group awareness and cohesion

Career Development

Communication/ Conflict Resolution

Sales and Marketing Effectiveness

Culture Change/ Organizational Learning

Strategy Development

Creativity and Innovation

KOLB’S LEARNING STYLE

INTRODUCTION

Kolb's model of learning styles is one of the best-known and widely used learning style theories. Psychologist David Kolb first outlined his theory of learning styles in 1984. He believed that our individual learning styles emerge due to our genetics, life experiences, and the demands of our current environment. In addition to describing four different learning styles, Kolb also developed a theory of experiential learning and a learning style inventory.

KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES

DAVID KOLB A LEADING THEORIST DEVLOPED THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING . HE ARGUES THAT THE LEARNING PROCESS IS NOT THE SAME FOR ALL PEOPLE. KOLB THEORIZES THAT AN INDIVIDUAL”S LEARNING STYLE IS BASED ON THAT PERSON”S PREFFERED MODES OF LEARNING.

FOUR BASIC MODES OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

CONCRETE EXPERIENCE (CE)An intuitive preferences for learning

through direct experience, emphasizing

interpersonalrelations and feeling as apposed to

thinking.

ABSTRACT CONCEPTUALIZATION(AC)A preference for learning by thinking about

anissue in theoretical terms.

REFLECTIVE OBSERVATION (RO)A preference to learn by watching andexamining different points of view to achievean understanding. ACTIVE EXPERIMENTATION (AE)

It refers to learning something by actually

doing it and judging its practical value.

FOUR LEARNING STYLES

DIVERGENT (FEELING & WATCHING)A combination of concrete experience(CE) anreflective observation (RO), emphasizingimagination , an awareness of values andability to generate alternatives course ofaction.

ASSIMILATION (THINKING &WATCHING)A combination of abstract conceptualization(AC)And reflective observation(RO) that stressInductive reasoning, the integration of desperateobservations an explanation.

CONVERGENT (THINKING & DOING)A combination of abstract conceptualization(AC) and active experimentation (AE), with

afocus on problem solving, decision making,and practical application of ideas .

ACCOMMADATIVE (FEELING & DOING)A combination of concrete experience (CE),

andactive experimentation (AE), this style is

usuallydemonstrated by accomplishment,

executingplans, and involvement in new experiences.

KOLB’S LERANING STYLES – MATRIX VIEW

DOING Active Experimentation (AE)

WATCHINGReflective Observation (RO)

FEELINGConcrete Experimentation (CE)

Accommodative Feeling & doing (CE / AE)

Divergent Feeling & watching(CE/RO)

THINKINGAbstract conceptualization (AC)

ConvergentThinking & doing(AC /AE)

AssimilationThinking & watching(AC /RO)

Kolb Developed a Questionnaire LEARNING STYLE INVENTORY ( LSI)

The LSI assesses an individuals toward thefour modes of the learning process.. Concrete Experience (CE) Abstract Conceptualization (AC) Reflective Observation (RO) Active Experimentation (AE) Kolb’s theory and the LSI can help HRDprofessionals, supervisors , and employeesindentify an different approaches to

learning.

Kolb stated that for true learning to takePlace…we need to have an experience, reflect

uponthis experience , make senses of it and

finallyapply theories to our lives by planning

whatwe would do next time we were in the

same orsimilar situation….

Honey and Mumford’s Learning Style

PETER HONEY

Peter Honey and Alan Mumford identified four distinct styles of preferences that people use while learning.

The learning styles are:

ACTIVISTS

REFLECTORS

THEORISTS

PRAGMATISTS

BERNICE MCCARTHY LEARNING STYLES

INTRODUCTION

Bernice McCarthy identified four primary learning styles- IMAGINATIVE, ANALYTIC, COMMON SENSE AND DYNAMIC.

Different styles are used for different kind of people and sometimes a mix of these styles are also used.

The styles are:

IMAGINATIVE LEARNER

Imaginative learners are feeling people who get involved with others and learn best in settings that allow interpersonal relationships to develop.

They learn by sensing, feeling, watching.

ANALYTIC LEARNER

Analytical learners learn by watching and listening.

The primary information giver is the teacher.

These are the students who learn in the way most teachers have traditionally taught and so they are often considered the best learners.

They should be exact and accurate thinkers.

COMMONSENSE LEARNER

Commonsense learner like to play with ideas to see if they are rational and workable.

These students want to test theory in the real world, to apply what has been learned.

They learn best when learning is combined with doing.

DYNAMIC LEARNER

Dynamic learners also enjoy as action part of the learning process, but rather than thinking projects through to their rational conclusion.

They are risk takers and find real joy in starting something new.

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