Name: ________________________ Period

Diseases Unit Review GuideYour test will be Monday, March 4. There are 31 MC and 2 BCRs.

This review is due Friday, March 1 and will be graded for completion.

1. There are 5 major types of asexual reproduction. Name all 5 and give an example of each.

Binary Fission - example: bacteria B udding - example: yeast C utting - example: spider plant R unners - example: strawberries R egeneration - example: starfish

4. Describe the process of runners:

A shoot, typically leafless, that grows from the base of a plant along the surface of the ground and can take root at points along its length.

5. Describe the process of binary fission:

An asexual reproductive process in which a unicellular organism divides into two or more independently maturing daughter cells.

6. You have dimples just like your mother. Why could this be true?

a. Dimples are a genetic (inherited) trait.b. Dimples are an environmental (acquired) trait.c. Dimples are a chemical trait.d. Dimples are a trait that occurs by chance.

7. A worm is cut into two pieces. Each piece grows into a new worm. This is an example of which process?

a. Fissionb. Buddingc. Regenerationd. Runners

8. If a parent cell divides asexually and produces a small daughter cell that breaks off from the parent cell?

a. Fission b. Buddingc. Regenerationd. Runners

9. When a parent cell undergoes meiosis, which of the following best describes the product of this process?

a. Two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parentb. Four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent c. Two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parentd. Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parents

Use this information to answer questions 10 and 11.

Spider plants reproduce primarily by asexual reproduction by growing a long stem, or runner. Spider plants also can reproduce by wither sexual reproduction, where plants receive pollen from other plants and make seeds. The seeds then grow into new plants.

10. Which statement best describes the new spider plant that is produced by runners in asexual reproduction?

a. The new plant will be genetically identical to the original plant.b. The new plant will have half the number of chromosomes as the original plant.c. The new plant will have twice the number of chromosomes as the original plant.d. The new plant will have different chromosomes than the original plant.

11. Which statement best describes the new spider plant produced from seeds by sexual reproduction?

a. The new plant will be genetically identical to both parent plants.

b. The new plants will be genetically identical to only one parent plant.c. The new plants will have entirely different chromosomes from both parents.d. The new plants will be similar to the parent plants, but not identical to either one.

12. What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

a. Sexual reproduction happens at a faster rate than asexual reproduction.b. Sexual reproduction requires two parents.c. Sexual reproduction provides for variation among offspring.d. Sexual reproduction involves both mitosis and meiosis.

13. Selective breeding is the process of choosing which two animals (or plants) to breed, depending on what characteristics you want the offspring to have. For example, if you wanted to breed bigger pigs to provide more meat, you would mate the biggest boar with the biggest sow, producing big piglets. You would then mate the two largest offspring which over time would result in larger pigs. The goal of selective breeding is to produce offspring that have a desirable characteristic.

Identify the example of selective breeding:a. breeding frogs with two headsb. producing corn crops which are resistant to cold weather and insectsc. running a test to determine the source of some DNAd. transferring a glow in the dark gene from a jellyfish into a goldfish

14. Which of the following statements are TRUE about chromosomes and genes?a. Genes are made of chromosomes

b. Chromosomes are made of genesc. Both of these

15. Which of the following is TRUE?a. The more chromosomes you have, the more advanced you areb. We have the same chromosomes in almost every cellc. Our chromosomes are inside our genesd. Each chromosome controls one trait

16. Which of the following is an example of a genea. Hair colorb. Shortc. Bbd. XX

17. Which parent determines the sex of the offspring?a. The father – he can supply an X or a Yb. The mother – she can supply an X or a Yc. The father – he can only supply an Xd. The mother – she can only supply an X

18. Which of the following pair or words have the most SIMILAR meaning?a. Purebred and homozygous

b. Hybrid and homozygousc. Hybrid and purebredd. Homozygous and heterozygous

19. If “F” represents having finger hair, what would represent having no finger hair?a. Fb. fc. Nd. n

20. Is finger hair, F, (from the question above) a dominate or recessive allele?a. Dominantb. Recessivec. Neitherd. Both

21. If tall is dominant which of the following is true for a plant that is homozygous for tall?a. The plant’s phenotype is TTb. The plant’s genotype is TTc. The plant’s phenotype is shortd. Both b and c are correct

Use the information below to determine if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

On peas, round (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r). A certain pea plant has the alleles Rr.

22. The plant is a hybrid True

23. This plant’s genes are homozygous. False

24. This plant’s phenotype is Rr. False

25. This plant’s genotype is Rr. True

26. This plant’s phenotype is round. True

27. This plant’s genotype is round. False

28. A recessive hybrid plant would be short. False

29. This plant is a purebred. False

Answer the following question using the Punnett square to the right.

30. How many possible phenotypes may an offspring have?

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

31. How many possible genotypes may an offspring have?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

32. Which allele is dominant?a. Gb. gc. Ggd. gg

33. Which is true for both parents?a. They are homozygous for this traitb. They are heterozygous for this traitc. A and B

34. Comparison of Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction

G

g

gG

GG Gg

Gg gg

Number of Parents

Involved(cells)

What type of

organisms (unicellular

or multicellula

r)

# of Chromosomes parents-vs-offspring

(same or half)

Variety of DNA

for offspring (more or same

as parent)

Examples

Asexual 1

unicellular same same bacteria

Sexual2

multicellular

half more human

35. What does it mean to have a trait run in the family? Traits, or genes are passed down from generation to generation.

36. Compare the process of Mitosis and Meiosis. Use your meiosis notes to help you.

Mitosis MeiosisCircle the type of reproduction: asexual or sexualWhat type of cells are produced: Non-sex cells How many cells are produced: 1How does the DNA compare to the original parent cell?identical

Circle the type of reproduction: asexual or sexualWhat type of cells are produced: Sex cells How many cells are produced: 4How does the DNA compare to the original parent cell?mixed

WORD BANK for Questions 37-47genotype dominant heterozygousphenotype gene geneticshomozygous heredity recessivealleles sperm egg

37. The passing of inherited traits from parents to offspring is called _heredity_.

38. The scientific study of heredity is called __genetics__.

39. In sexual reproduction, each offspring receives one gene from each parent (or half its DNA

from each parent).

40. The different forms of a gene are called ___alleles___.

41. BB or bb is an example of ___homozygous__ because the alleles are the same.

42. Bb is an example of __heterozygous__ because the alleles are different.

43. A __dominant_ allele is one whose traits ALWAYS shows up.

44. A ___recessive_ allele is one that is covered up or “hidden”

45. The __phenotype__ is the actual trait the offspring gets. Ex – tall, short

46. The __genotype___ is the different gene combinations (2 letters). Ex - BB, Bb, bb.

47. _Egg__ and __sperm__ are the two specialized cells that form a fertilized egg.

Punnett Square Practice

48. A homozygous black guinea pig (BB) crosses with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb). Complete the Punnett Square and write the genotype and phenotype percentages. Black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b).

Genotype (gene combination): 100% Bb

Phenotype (appearance): All would be black.

49. Oompa Loompas usually have orange faces which are determined by a dominant gene (F). The recessive condition results in a blue face (f). Olivia Oompa Loompa has a blue face and Octavius Oompa Loompa has an orange face. The Punnett square below shows the genetic cross between Olivia and Ocatvius’ mother and father.

How many alleles did Olivia get from each parent? 1 What is Olivia’s gene combination? 2 alleles? ff What are the alleles for Olivia’s mother? Ff What are the alleles for Olivia’s father? Ff Explain how it is possible that with the same parents Octavius can have an orange face and Olivia a blue one.

Both parents are heterozygous for face color. There is a 75% chance that the child will have an orange faced child and a 25% chance the child would have a blue faced.

Octavius receive a recessive allele from both parents .

50. Sickle cell anemia is a recessive disorder. The genotype for getting sickle cell disease is (hh). A healthy husband and healthy wife decide to have children. They consult with a genetic counselor because they know that the wife’s mother had sickle cell anemia.

Bb

Bb

Bb

Bb

b

b

BB

FF Ff

Ff ff

?

?

??

What are the two alleles of the wife’s mother? hh What are the two alleles of the wife? Hh

What are the two possible sets of alleles of the husband? HH and Hh

Draw the two Punnett square possibilities for the marriage.

What percent of their offspring could have sickle cell? If husband is a carrier, 25%

51. Microarray PracticeA microarray is a lab technique used to determine the genotype for one trait of your offspring. The picture below shows the test results for Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder. Healthy is CC or Cc. A genotype of cc is affected by Cystic Fibrosis.

HH Hh

Hh hh

HhHH

HhHHh

H h

H

H

h

H

H

Remember a microarray works by allowing you to visualize what genes are expressed in a cell. This is done by placing DNA samples on a plate that contains wells. If a person is homozygous dominant, the sample will be the color PINK on the slide. A person that is homozygous recessive will show the color BLUE on the slide. An individual that is heterozygous will show a mix of both colors and appear PURPLE on the slide.

WellsA – Homozygous dominant controlB – Homozygous recessive controlC – Negative controlD – Offspring DNA sample (2 wells)

52. Based on the microarray picture above, what is the genotype of the offspring? Cc

Pink Blue PurplePurpleClear

53. Is the offspring (D) affected or not with cystic fibrosis? unaffected

54. Here are the results of a cystic fibrosis microarray for a family: Dad is blue, Mom is pink Daughter is purple

Which member of the family does not have a recessive allele? Mom

55. During sexual reproduction, how many alleles for any given gene are given from each parent? One allele from each parent

56. What are the specialized cells produced during meiosis called? ___gametes____

57. What are the female cells called? ____egg_____

58. What are the male cells called? _____sperm______

59. What is the term for merged specialized cells? ___zygote or fertilized cell____

Jenny and Jeremy’s Punnett square for Earlobes.

MOTHER

? ?

FAT

HE

R

KEY

A = attached earlobesa = unattached earlobes

60. What is the father’s genotype? Aa

61. What is the mother’s genotype? Aa

62. Jenny has unattached earlobes, her brother Jeremy has attached earlobes. How could Jeremy have received attached earlobes?

Jeremy received a dominant allele from at least parent.

Lemmings Punnett Square

aaAA Aa

Aa

?

?FA

TH

ER

KEY

A = attached earlobesa = unattached earlobes

63. Write a statement describing 50% of the lemmings produced in the cross above.50% of the offspring will be heterozygous.

64. What is the probability that a lemming will be born with black fur? 25%

65. What is the probability that a lemming will be born with grey fur? 75%

66. The lemmings fur is determined by one allele from the mother and one allele from the father.

No sample response for BCRs.

Use this graphic organizer to help you formulate your response to BCR prompt 1:

BCR #1: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Zach’s class was studying a type of single-celled organism called euglena. He learned that when a euglena reproduces, the new organisms look exactly like each other and like the parent. He recalled that when his pet cat had babies, the new kittens looked somewhat different from each other and both parents. Zach knew that euglena reproduce by dividing, a form of asexual reproduction, and cats reproduce by sexual reproduction. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Topic Sentence:

Evidence piece 1: Explain why asexual reproduction produces offspring that all look like each other and like the parent.

Evidence piece 2: Explain why sexual reproduction produces offspring that look different from each other and their parents.

Evidence piece 3: Include a discussion of genes in your response.

Concluding Sentence:

Use this graphic organizer to help you formulate your response to BCR prompt 2:

BCR #2: Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders are abnormal conditions or diseases that people can inherit. Today, doctors are able to perform genetic testing that allows individuals to find out whether they are at risk for developing many different disorders. Some genetic disorders are caused by traits that developed from mutations in the DNA molecule. Suppose the trait for a genetic disorder is “d” and the trait for not getting the disorder is “D.” Mrs. Watson and her husband do not have this genetic disorder. Mrs. Watson’s mother has the disorder. Why might a doctor recommend that Mrs. Watson’s young child be tested for this disorder?Topic Sentence:

Evidence piece 1: Include a discussion of gene combination.

Evidence piece 2: Include who gets the disorder and who does not get the disorder.

Evidence piece 3: Use a Punnett square to support your explanation.

Concluding Sentence: