heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring
TRANSCRIPT
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GENETIC NOTES
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Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to
offspring.
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Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents. (children, babies, young)
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The study of heredity
in biologyis called genetics.
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The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel was an Austrian
monk who studied mathematics
and science but became agardener in a monastery.
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Mendel thought there might be a connection between the color of a pea plant flower and the type of seed the plant produced.
He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.
Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.
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What are some patterns of inheritance in humans?
Some human traits are controlled by single genes with two alleles, and others by single genes with multiple alleles. Still other traits are controlled by many genes that act together
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What traits are controlled by a single gene with two alleles?
Widow’s peak Cleft chin Dimples These human
traits have two distinctly different phenotypes and, or physical appearances
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What are some traits controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles?
Multiple alleles – three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
Remember: a person can carry only two of those alleles
Human Blood
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What are some traits controlled by many genes? Height – at least
four genes control height in humans
Skin/Hair color
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What are sex-linked genes?
Genes for human traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes (X or Y)
Colorblindness (most common -cannot distinguish between green and red)
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What numbers do you see?
5 45
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Mutations
http://www.accessexcellence.org/
A change in genetic
information•Can occur randomly (naturally)
•Or can be deliberately caused in the laboratory by scientists
•Inherited
•Not always harmful
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What are two major causes of genetic disorders in humans?
Some genetic disorders are caused by mutations in the DNA of genes. Other disorders are caused by changes in the overall structure or number of chromosomes
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Natural MutationsThese are not albinos; they have pigmented eyes. White Bengal Tiger
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Selective Breeding
The Cama is the result of breeding a Llama to a Camel
The mule is the results of breeding a horse and a donkey
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The Zebroid is the result of breeding
a female Horse and a male Zebra.
The Zedonk / Zonkey is the result of
breeding a female Donkey and
male Zebra.
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Vocabulary to Know
Alleles- traits- symbolized with upper and lower case letters
Dominant alleles – cover up other traits example : Bb
Recessive traits- trait seems disappear or hide
example : bb
Genotypes – genetic makeup Phenotypes – the way an organism looks
or behaves as a result of it genotype