Heredity & Human Affairs LAB PRACTICAL #1 REVIEW

Don’t Forget to STUDY!

QUESTION…

“A”, “T”, “G”, & “C” are the common bases found in a DNA molecule. What does each letter stand for?

QUESTION…

What organelle is primarily responsible for housing DNA?

QUESTION…

What kinds of molecules are put together to make a protein & what holds them together?

QUESTION…

Name the structure shown.

QUESTION…

Name this stage of the life cycle.

QUESTION…

DNA RNA PROTEINS

Name the processes indicated by the “pink” arrow and the “blue” arrow shown above.

QUESTION… Name the disorder.

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…

The male gamete is __________, while the female gamete is _________.

Bonus: Both gametes are haploid / diploid.

QUESTION…

How many chromosomes do flies have?

QUESTION…

What molecules can be synthesized directly from an existing DNA molecule?

QUESTION… What’s wrong?

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…

Humans have __________ pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Be specific in your answer!!!

QUESTION…

Sex-linked traits are those found on the homologous / non-homologous portion of the X chromosomes / Y chromosome.

QUESTION… Name the disorder.

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…

Give the genotype of the fly pictured here.

QUESTION…What’s this?

QUESTION…

Give the genotype of the fly pictured here.

QUESTION…

A pictorial representation of chromosomes arranged in pairs and organized by size is termed a ____________________.

Bonus:

What stage of Mitosis are these chromosomes most visible?

QUESTION…What sex is this person?

QUESTION…

How many human chromosomes are sex chromosomes?

QUESTION…

Name this stage of the life cycle.

QUESTION… Name the disorder.

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What are the possible phenotypes of the F1 generation?

QUESTION…

Give the genotype of the fly pictured here.

QUESTION…What is this? Be specific.

Bonus: How many pairs of chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION…

Name the genus, pictured below, that you have been working with in lab since the beginning of the semester (common name: “fruit fly”).

QUESTION…

Name the stages, in sequential order, of a typical “fruit fly” life cycle.

QUESTION…What is this? Be specific.

Bonus: How many chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION… Name the disorder

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…

Name this stage of the life cycle.

QUESTION…

How many autosomal pairs of chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

You mate the flies above ultimately resulting in an F2 generation in which there are 200 flies total. How many will have wings?

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

QUESTION…

Name the sex chromosomes in a normal human male.

QUESTION…

Name this stage of the life cycle.

QUESTION…

P1: x

You cross two wingless flies. What are the expected genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the F1 & F2 generations?

QUESTION…

Is this fly MALE or FEMALE?

QUESTION…

Name the stage of the life cycle shown.

QUESTION…

Is this fly MALE or FEMALE?

QUESTION…Name the structures shown here which are

only found on the forelimbs of MALE fruit flies

QUESTION…

How many pairs of chromosomes does this organism possess?

Bonus: How many of its chromosomes are autosomal?

QUESTION…

How many pairs of chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION…NAME this mutation & state whether its AUTOSOMAL or SEX-LINKED?

QUESTION…

Name the ORGAN you extracted from this organism.

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What are the possible genotypes of the F1 generation?

QUESTION…

P1: x

You cross a red-eyed male with a white-eyed female. Your F1 male offspring all have white eyes, whereas all females have red eyes. What can you predict about the F2 generation?

QUESTION… Name the disorder.

Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION…Gametes produced by this individual will

have which sex chromosome(s)?

QUESTION…NAME this mutation.

State whether its AUTOSOMAL or SEX-LINKED?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

(Xw, Xw) (X+, Y)

What is the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

QUESTION…

What chromosome can this mutation be found on?

QUESTION…

How many chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What is the recessive gene shown above?

QUESTION…

What chromosome can this mutation be found on?

QUESTION…Gametes produced by this individual will

have which sex chromosome(s)?

QUESTION…

Name the organism you used to obtain & visualize these structures.

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What is the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

QUESTION…

What color eyes does a wild-type fruit fly have?

What color eyes does an apterous fruit fly have?

QUESTION…Does this mutation affect MALES or FEMALES more often?

Bonus: Explain why this is so.

QUESTION…

P1:

x

You mate the flies above resulting in an “F1 generation”. What does the “F1” generation stand for?

QUESTION…

You have a “normal” fly as shown here. However, you do not know if it is (+, +) or (+, ap). Explain one method you could use to determine its genotype.

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What proportion of flies will have wings in the F1 generation?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

(Xw, Xw) (X+, Y)

What proportion of males will have white eyes in the F1 generation?

QUESTION…

The Principle of Base Pairing states that a __________ always pairs with its complementary __________.

QUESTION…

P1: x

You cross a homozygous wild-type male with a homozgyous apterous female. What are the expected genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation?

QUESTION…

Name the nitrogenous bases which are purines.

QUESTION…

Name the nitrogenous bases which are pyrimidines.

QUESTION…

The double-stranded DNA helical molecule is held together by weak / strong __________ bonds.

QUESTION…

P1: x

(Xw, Xw) (X+, Y)

In a cross such as this one, the phenotypes usually switch in the F1 generation due to the fact that this is a ______________________ trait.

QUESTION…

Each nucleotide is comprised of these three components:

1.__________,

2. __________, & 3.__________.

QUESTION…

Consider the structure of the DNA molecule.

What accounts for the variability in this molecule?

QUESTION…

P1:

x

apterous (ap, ap)wild (+, +)

What is the genotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

QUESTION…

Single-stranded RNA does not contain which nitrogenous base that is present in the double-stranded DNA molecule?

QUESTION…

RNA

The process in which RNA is converted into an amino acid is called _______________ and occurs in the ______________ part of cell.

Amino Acid

QUESTION…

“A”

The process in which RNA is synthesized from a template strand of DNA is called _______________.

QUESTION…Translation occurs on these

organelles which are located in the cytoplasm of a cell.

QUESTION…

“A”

The process in which mRNA is used to synthesize an amino acid is called _______________.

QUESTION…

DNA

The process in which RNA is synthesized from a template strand of DNA is called _______________ and occurs in the ______________ part of cell.

RNA

QUESTION…Amino acids are joined to form

larger ______________ chains.

QUESTION…

Explain the difference between an ALLELE and a GENE.

QUESTION…

Name this molecule.

QUESTION…The process shown here is called

_______________.

QUESTION…

Name the bond that joins these molecules together?

QUESTION…

The 5-Carbon sugar molecule that makes up DNA is called _______________.

QUESTION…

Name the molecule formed when these units are joined together.

Bonus: The process in which this molecule is formed from RNA is called ____________________.

QUESTION…

The number of ADENINES in a molecule of DNA always equals the number of ____________; wheras the number of CYTOSINES in a molecule of DNA always equals the number of __________.

QUESTION…

Replicate the strand of DNA below. Give the sequence of the complementary strand formed.

DNA= A G C T G C

QUESTION…

Give the sequence of the RNA strand formed from the DNA template shown below.

DNA= A G C T G C

QUESTION…

Purine __________ always pairs with Pyrimidine ___________.

QUESTION…This molecule is synthesized in

what part of the cell?

QUESTION…

Where is DNA found in a cell?

QUESTION…Name the bond that holds these

amino acid molecules together.

QUESTION…

Approximately how many genes are in a single cell?

QUESTION…The process shown here occurs

during what stage of MEIOSIS?

QUESTION…

The bond that joins these two molecules together is WEAK / STRONG.

QUESTION…

The molecule shown below aids in the formation of a polypeptide. Where in the cell is it located?

QUESTION…

What part of the a.a. is responsible for the reaction that forms a peptide bond? Give the functional groups.

QUESTION…The blue & red pairs or pink & green

pairs of chromosomes shown here are called _______________ chromosomes.

QUESTION…

What accounts for the variability in these amino acids?

QUESTION…

The molecule shown below directs the process of translation. Name it.

QUESTION…

Name the STRUCTURES you extracted from this organism

Bonus: What stain did you use to view these structures?

QUESTION…An mRNA codon consists of how

many bases?

QUESTION…You have a father who has brown hair/brown eyes

and a mother who has blonde hair/blue eyes. Assuming both are homozygous for both genes, what are the possible phenotypes of their offspring?

QUESTION…Crossing over events occur during

______________ of Mitosis / Meiosis.

QUESTION…

One gene is approximately how long? Explain your answer.

QUESTION…Meiotic recombination has occurred

here. What is the significance of this event?

QUESTION…

What is produced (the by-product) when two or more of these molecules are bonded?

QUESTION…

mRNA sequences are “read” in groups of ____’s.