here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) one tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 two...

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Estimating When Is Unknown Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are unknown - we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for With degrees of freedom

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Page 1: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

Page 2: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

When using a distribution we assume that the distribution is normal.

Page 3: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

When using a distribution we assume that the distribution is normal.It is symmetrical about the mean which is

Page 4: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

When using a distribution we assume that the distribution is normal.It is symmetrical about the mean which is The difference between a distribution and a distribution is the distribution will have thicker tails.

Page 5: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

When using a distribution we assume that the distribution is normal.It is symmetrical about the mean which is The difference between a distribution and a distribution is the distribution will have thicker tails.As the degrees of freedom get larger, the distribution gets closer to a standard normal distribution.

Page 6: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Student’s - used when the mean and standard deviation are

unknown- we use the sample standard deviation to approximate - the sampling distribution for

With degrees of freedom

When using a distribution we assume that the distribution is normal.It is symmetrical about the mean which is The difference between a distribution and a distribution is the distribution will have thicker tails.As the degrees of freedom get larger, the distribution gets closer to a standard normal distribution.

** see me and I will print a copy of the table we will be using from the textbook

Page 7: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010We either have a one tail or two tail test. The numbers represent the area under that tail.

Page 8: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

We either have a one tail or two tail test. The numbers represent the area under that tail.

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3

4

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7

8

d.f. is our degrees of freedom = is our confidence interval

Page 9: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

We either have a one tail or two tail test. The numbers represent the area under that tail.

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3 2.3533 3.182 4.541 5.841

4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.449

8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355

d.f. is our degrees of freedom = is our confidence interval

The rest of the table contains the for the corresponding conditions.

Page 10: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

We either have a one tail or two tail test. The numbers represent the area under that tail.

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3 2.3533 3.182 4.541 5.841

4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.449

8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355

d.f. is our degrees of freedom = is our confidence interval

The rest of the table contains the for the corresponding conditions.

EXAMPLE :Find the critical t value for a 0.99 confidence level for a t distribution with sample size

Page 11: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

We either have a one tail or two tail test. The numbers represent the area under that tail.

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3 2.3533 3.182 4.541 5.841

4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.449

8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355

d.f. is our degrees of freedom = is our confidence interval

The rest of the table contains the for the corresponding conditions.

EXAMPLE :Find the critical t value for a 0.99 confidence level for a t distribution with sample size

Solution :

- find the intersection of and

𝑡 0.99=4 .604

Page 12: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3 2.3533 3.182 4.541 5.841

4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.449

8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355

EXAMPLE #2:Find the critical t value for a 0.90 confidence level for a t distribution with sample size

Page 13: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown )

One tail 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005

Two tail 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

d.f. / c …0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

3 2.3533 3.182 4.541 5.841

4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.449

8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355

EXAMPLE #2:Find the critical t value for a 0.90 confidence level for a t distribution with sample size

SOLUTION :

Find the intersection of and d.f.

Page 14: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Confidence intervals for when is unknown

- the maximal amount of error for a confidence level

Page 15: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

Confidence intervals for when is unknown

- the maximal amount of error for a confidence level

Again with some Algebra :

where

Page 16: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

Page 17: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t value

Page 18: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t valueFor and , ( from table )

Page 19: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t valueFor and , ( from table )

2. Find

Page 20: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t valueFor and , ( from table )

2. Find

Page 21: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t valueFor and , ( from table )

2. Find

3. Find the 99% confidence interval

Page 22: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE : Find the 99% confidence interval for sample data using student’s t distribution

if the sample data shows , , and

1. Find the critical t valueFor and , ( from table )

2. Find

3. Find the 99% confidence interval

Page 23: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

Page 24: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Page 25: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Therefore

Page 26: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Therefore With and , ( from table )

Page 27: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Therefore With and , ( from table )

Page 28: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Therefore With and , ( from table )

Page 29: Here is how to use the table. ( an excerpt of the table is shown ) One tail0.0500.0250.0100.005 Two tail0.1000.0500.0200.010 We either have

Estimating When Is Unknown

EXAMPLE #2 : A company has a new process for manufacturing large artificial sapphires.

In a trial run, 37 sapphires are produced. The distribution of weights is mound

shaped and symmetric. The mean weight for these 37 gems is carats, and the sample standard deviation is carats. Let be themean weight for the distribution of all sapphires produced by

the new process.Find a 95% confidence interval for .

SOLUTION : ** when there is no column for d.f., use the closest one that is smaller than

Therefore With and , ( from table )

carats carats