herbs in garden

7/30/2019 Herbs in Garden

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HERBSIN THE

GARDENPam Paulsen

County Extension Agent, Horticulture

K-State Research & Extension - Reno County



HERBSWhat are they?✿Botanical Definition: Plant that

does not produce a woody stem andit dies back to the ground in thewinter.

✿Garden Definition: Has culinary,

aromatic or medicinal uses. Roots,stems, foliage, flowers, and seeds

used.



HERB CULTURE✿Full sun✿ Exceptions: menthes, monardas

✿Soil✿ Well drained, sandy

✿ Not overly fertile, especially N

✿Winter protection✿Pests✿ Rust, mites, aphids, caterpillars



HERB SELECTION✿Environmental requirements

✿

Mature height✿Use

✿Garden style

✿Plant characteristics✿ Foliage color & texture

✿ Bloom color and time



Shade Tolerant Herbs✿Tall Growing

✿ Angelica, Bergamont, Borage✿Medium Growing✿ Lovage, Lemon Balm, Chervil, Comfrey

✿Low Growing✿ Mints (varieties)



HERB GARDEN DESIGN✿Available space

✿Available time for maintenance

✿Surroundings✿ Formal vs. Informal

✿ Modern vs. Old Fashioned

✿Amount and type of herbs✿ Plant often used herbs closest to pathway



HERB GARDEN STYLES✿Formal

✿Informal✿ Cottage

✿ Kitchen / Potager

✿ Flower Border✿ Container



HERB GARDEN STYLESFormal✿Traditional

✿Straight lines & Geometric shapes

✿Symmetrical - arranged around

center point✿Borders✿ Clipped hedge, stone pavers, rocks



HERB GARDEN STYLESFormal - Checkerboard



HERB GARDEN STYLESFormal - Circle in Square



HERB GARDEN STYLESFormal - Wheel Garden



HERB GARDEN STYLESFormal - Knot



HERB GARDEN STYLESCottage

✿Many varieties

✿Maximize space

✿Winding paths



HERB GARDEN STYLES

Cottage



HERB GARDEN STYLESKitchen/Potager

✿“Soup” in French✿Vegetables, Flowers & Herbs

✿Companion planting



HERB GARDEN STYLESFlower Border

✿Annual vs. Perennial✿Ornamental value of herb✿ Leaf color and texture

✿ Flower color✿ Bloom time



HERB GARDEN STYLESFlower Border - Raised Bed



HERB GARDEN STYLESContainer

✿Lower maintenance

✿Closer to kitchen✿Themes✿ Color, Salad, Tea Moon

✿Containers✿ Drainage

✿ No harmful chemicals

✿ Pots, hollow logs, tubs, barrels, boots




✿Hanging Baskets

✿Dry faster✿ Thyme, Nasturtium, Mint, Rosemary

✿Topiary✿ Tip prune often

✿ Braided trunks

✿ Bay, Lavender, Rosemary



HERB GARDEN STYLESContainer✿Indoors✿Well drained - no standing water

✿ Don’t fertilize in winter

✿ Southern window

✿

Basil, Bay, Chives, Marjoram, Mint,Oregano, Parsley, Rosemary, SaladBurnet, Scented Geraniums,Tarragon, Thyme, Winter Savory



Herb Propagation✿Annuals - seed, cuttings

✿Perennials

✿ Division✿ Tarragon, Chives, Mint

✿ Cuttings

✿ Lavender, lemon Balm, Sage, Rosemary,Scented Geranium

✿ Layering

✿ Almost any with flexible branches



Herb Propagation

LayeringRoot division



Harvesting Herbs✿Continuous rather than one time

✿Mid morning✿ After dew has dried, before heat of theday

✿ Ideally, wait one day after rain if dryingherbs



Harvesting Herbs✿Root Crops - Fall✿

Ginger, Garlic✿Annuals & Biennials - All season

✿Flowers - As soon as flowers open

✿ Lavender, marigold, rosemary✿Seeds - Let ripen on plant

✿Perennials - Anytime except late fall



Harvesting Herbs✿Chives - cut 1" from ground

✿Basil, mints - Cut to node

✿Dill & other seeds - cover with paperbag before cutting

✿Woody stemmed (sage, rosemary) cutinto flexible wood

✿Flowers (lavender) - cut to where

leaves begin



Preserving Herbs✿Drying

✿Freezing✿Oils & Vinegars

✿Sugars & Salts



Drying Herbs✿Not too fast

✿ Drive out essential oils✿Not too slow✿ Mold



Drying HerbsHanging

✿Tightly tie bunches✿ Rubberband

✿Warm

✿Ventilated✿Dust Free

✿Low light



Drying HerbsScreen Drying

✿Window or door screen

✿Rotate✿Warm

✿Ventilated

✿Dust Free

✿Low light



Drying HerbsOven drying

✿Oven light with door open

✿Turn on low for 5 minutes, turn offand put herbs in until temp. returns toroom temperature. Repeat. Do not

leave herbs in oven when it is on.



Drying HerbsMicrowave Oven

✿

Small quantities✿Remove leaves from stems. Placeleaves on paper towels. Microwave on

high for 1-2 minutes depending onwattage. Stir leaves. Repeat.

✿Watch “hot spots” and “cold spots”



Drying HerbsPaper Bag

✿

Good for small leaved herbs & seeds✿In a large grocery bag, place herbs tipdown. Place in warm, dry spot. Stir

herbs daily.



Annual

Herbs



Nasturtium✿Flowers & foliage are used✿

Peppery flavor✿ High in vitamin C

✿Tolerates light shade

✿Compact & trailing forms✿ Border

✿ Walls, Containers, Hanging Basket



Nasturtium



Cilantro✿Keep pinched to

prevent seeds✿Does nottransplant well

✿Cilantro - foliage✿Coriander - seed



Lemon Balm✿Very fragrant

✿Vigorous grower✿Propagate bydivision



Lemon Balm



Basil✿Propagate from

seed✿Remove flowerspikes

✿Over 150different varieties



Purple Ruffle Basil &Lemon Thyme



Thai Basil



Borage✿2' - 3' ht.

✿Coarse textured✿Sow seeds - does nottransplant well

✿Use fresh flowers✿Cucumber flavor



Dill✿Start from seed

✿Harvest foliage just a

flowers open✿Harvest seeds when flat& brown. Seeds are more

potent than foliage✿Larva plant forbutterflies



Fennel✿Perennial grown as an annual

✿Green & bronze varieties

✿Start from seed - Does not transplantwell

✿Thin seedlings. If too crowed, it will

flower early✿Seeds, foliage, stems are used

✿Licorice flavored



Fennel



Parsley✿Biennial treated

as an annual✿High in vitamin A& C

✿Flat leaved &curly leavedvarieties



Perilla or Shiso✿“Japanese Basil”

✿Milder flavor than basil

✿Leaves, flower spikes and seedsused

✿Used raw or cooked to garnish fish,salads and soups

✿Foliage used to extract dyes



Perilla



Stevia✿“Sweet Herb”

✿30-300 times sweeter than sugar✿Difficult to propagate. Tip cuttingsare least difficult.

✿Does not like wet soils✿Will not tolerate frost



Stevia



Pineapple Sage✿2'-4' ht.

✿Will survive a mild

winter✿Showy, red, salviatype flowers

✿Flowers, foliageused in teas,poundcake



Perennial

Herbs



Chives✿High in vitamin A

& C✿Trim flowers toencourage growth

✿Also garlic chives



Anise hyssop✿Agastache

foeniculum✿Anise scentedflowers

✿Leaves & flowersused in teas & salads



Bee Balm✿Bergamot

✿4'-6' ht.

✿Aggressivespreader

✿Flowers &foliage used inteas & salads



Bee Balm



Comfrey✿2'-4'

✿Prefers light shade

✿Propagate by root cutting ordivision

✿Leaves used in a poultice on bruisesand broken bones

✿Also used in teas, but may be toxic



Comfrey



Thyme✿100+ varieties

✿Groundcover, pathways, rock walls✿Tolerates drought conditions



Thyme



Sweet Woodruff✿Prefers partshade & moist,loamy soils

✿Harvest in spring- most fragrant

✿Propagate in

spring or fall bydivision

✿Source of

coumarin



Lavender✿Drought tolerant

✿Used in hedges, borders, containers

✿Used in vineyards to attract bees

✿Used in French cooking, teas,

perfumes, soaps,✿Harvest flowers when newly opened



Lavandula angustifolia“Hidcote” & “Munstead”



Lavandula officinalis



Lavender“French”L.dentata “Spanish”L.stoechas



Lavender



Lemon Verbena✿5' ht. (up to 15' in warm climates)

✿Will not tolerate prolonged cold &

frost✿Prune heavily in spring

✿Tolerates frequent pruning - good fortopiary

✿Used in teas, stuffing, sauces



Lemon Verbena



Catnip✿Catmint

✿Root division in spring & fall Cuttingsin summer

✿Use leaves in tea

✿Mild, minty flavor



Catnip



Mint✿Menthe✿Many (25+) species in mint family✿ Square stems

✿Over 600 varieties of menthe

✿Prefers moist, loamy but well drained

soil✿Prefers light shade

✿Readily spreads by runners

Mint



MintPineapple

Mint

Lemon &Spearmint

Peppermint



Mint



Oregano✿Genus includes marjoram

✿Trailing and bushy growth forms✿Grows from seeds, cuttings and rootdivision

✿Pinch flower buds to encourage growth



Oregano



Rosemary



Sage✿Slow to germinate from seed

✿Replant every 3-4 years when itbecomes too woody✿Harvest leaves just before blooming



Sage



Lemon Grass

✿Tender perennial

✿Grows to 5'✿Prefers moist, well-drained soil

✿Leaves used in teas

✿Swollen leaf bases used in cooking



Lemon Grass



Bay Leaf

✿Sweet Bay or

Sweet Laurel✿Not hardy

✿Grows to 25'

✿Good forcontainers, topiary

herbs in garden

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