herbicide-resistant weeds: a dilemma in dixie culpepper, york, steckel, prostko
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Herbicide-Resistant Weeds:A Dilemma in Dixie
Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko
![Page 2: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Herbicide Resistance? (official WSSA definition)
Inherited ability of a biotype of a weed
to survive and reproduce following
exposure to a dose of herbicide
normally lethal to the wild type.
![Page 3: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WeatherMax 22 oz, 2 d after application to 16 inch Palmer
![Page 4: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WeatherMax 33 oz/A on 3” Palmer
![Page 5: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1955 1970 1985 2000
Nu
mb
er
of
case
sReported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds in US
![Page 6: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why is Resistance Such a Big Deal Now?
![Page 9: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why is Resistance Such a Big Deal Now?
1. ALS resistant pigweeds2. Glyphosate-resistant horseweed3. Glyphosate-resistant ragweed4. Glyphosate-resistant lambsquarters*5. Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass*
1. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (pigweed)
Significant
Potentially Devastating
*suspected not confirmed
![Page 10: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9794
00
ALS*-resistant Amaranthus species
*Imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, 19 states
triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates
94
02
94 95
00
9298
99 029398
9693
93
91
99
![Page 11: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Commonly Used ALS Herbicides
• Accent• Ally/Cimarron• Beacon• Beyond• Cadre • Classic• Envoke• Exceed• Express • Finesse• FirstRate
• Glean• Harmony Extra• Maverick Pro• Osprey • Peak• Permit• Pursuit• Python• Scepter• Staple• Strongarm
![Page 12: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Prostko 2006
2005 ALS-Resistant Pigweed Survey61 locations, 21 counties
• 2892 plants treated• 2442 plants survived (84%)
![Page 13: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
100
66
97
99
98
98
98
99
99
100
98
9883 9775
97
59
Percent of cotton acreage planted to RR varieties. 20061
1USDA, AMS. 2006. Publ. mp-cn833.
![Page 14: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 0697 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
Adoption of Roundup Ready
Technology in the US
(million acres)
Soybean
CornCotton
![Page 15: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Very Small
Seeded
Approximately 1 mm
![Page 18: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Shields, E.J., J.T. Dauer, M.J. VanGessel, and G. Neuman. 2006. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) seed collected in the planetary boundary layer. Weed Sci. 54:1063-1067.
Altitude
(ft)
230
460
Seeds found
(#/1000 m3)*
3.3
1.7
* Approximately 33 by 33 by 33 ft
![Page 19: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Photo credit: Larry SteckelPhoto credit: Larry Steckel
Must Start Clean!Must Start Clean!
![Page 20: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Photo credit: Larry SteckelPhoto credit: Larry Steckel
![Page 21: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
GR Horseweed Control
0 20 40 60 80 100
Roundup WM 22oz
Clarity 8 oz + Roundup WM 22oz
Ignite 23 oz
LSD = 12
% Horseweed Control
Milan May 28, 2006
2,4-D 16 oz + Roundup WM 22oz
Burndown applied 4/3/06
Clarity 8 oz + Roundup WM 22oz fb/Gramoxone Inteon 40 oz + Caparol 24oz
Clarity 8 oz + Roundup WM 22oz fb/Roundup WM 22oz + Cotoran 24oz
![Page 22: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HORSEWEED Preferred Burndown Options
1. Roundup + ½ pt Clarity, mid March
2. Roundup + 2 pt 2,4-D, mid March
With either of above, consider a residual herbicide with the burndown, such as Valor.
If no residual, Gramoxone + Cotoran or Direx at planting or Ignite + Cotoran or Direx
at planting.
![Page 23: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2004 Common Horseweed Burndown Program
Photo credit: Larry SteckelPhoto credit: Larry Steckel
![Page 24: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rapid Growth Becoming Extremely Large
![Page 25: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Average Number of Seed Produced per PlantAverage Number of Seed Produced per Plant
400,000
40,000 40,000 9,0000
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
PalmerAmaranth
goosegrass annualbluegrass
commoncocklebur
Top 4 Herbicide Resistant Weeds in US peanut - 175; cotton - 250; corn - 800
![Page 26: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Attapulgus GA, September 2004
Multiple Generations – Short Seed Dormancy
![Page 27: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Untreated
Georgia, 2006
Glyphosate 4X rate,
applied three times
Palmer Amaranth Infesting Cotton
![Page 28: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
North Carolina, 2006
Untreated Glyphosate 4X rate,
applied three times
Palmer Amaranth Infesting Cotton
![Page 29: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cotton Yield vs. Palmer Competition
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Palmer Density (num/20ft)
See
d C
ott
on
Yie
ld (
lbs/
A)
7%
![Page 30: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Glyphosate-resistant Palmer Amaranth Found
04
05
***
*Palmer populations being studied for resistance.
![Page 31: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Resistance trait will move through pollen
![Page 32: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Managing Glyphosate Resistance
![Page 33: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Georgia and North Carolina Recommendations*
At Planting
Topical (1-to 4 lf cotton) Layby Directed
Yellow
+
Reflex
Glyphosate + Dual Magnum
(no emerged Palmer)MSMA + Diuron
MSMA + Layby Pro
MSMA + Suprend
MSMA + ValorGlyphosate + Staple
(Palmer 1-2”)
*Cultivation, Hooded Sprays, and/or Hand Weeding Will be Required
![Page 34: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Prowl H20 1.75 pt + Reflex 1 pt PRE
WeatherMax 22 oz + Dual Mag 18 DAP before Pigweed emergence
WeatherMax 22 oz + Direx 1.5 pt PDIR
![Page 35: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Prowl H20 1.75 pt + Reflex 1 pt PRE
WeatherMax 22 oz + Dual Mag 24 DAP with ½” Palmer
WeatherMax 22 oz + Direx 1.5 pt PDIR
![Page 36: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Roundup + Staple 3 inch
Direx + MSMA PD
![Page 37: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Prowl H20 1.75 pt + Reflex 1 pt PRE
WeatherMax 22 oz + Staple at 3 inch
WeatherMax 22 oz + Direx 1.5 pt PDIR
![Page 38: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
0 1.3 5.2 10.2 20.42.6Staple LX fl oz/A
2004
2006
![Page 39: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1X glyphosate + 1X Staple; Palmer 0.5 inches when treated
![Page 40: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Delay the arrival or spread of resistance
![Page 41: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Resistance Management Practices
1. Reduce herbicide reliance (as practical)
2. Diversify MOAs; Multiple MOAs
a. Multiple MOAs within a crop.
![Page 42: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
At Planting Topical (1-to 4-lf cotton) Layby Directed
Yellow
Glyphosate
+
Dual Magnum or Staple
MSMA or glyphosate
+
Diuron,
Layby Pro,
Suprend, or
Valor
*Staple will not control ALS-resistant Palmer. Sequence can be used as the glyphosate + Dual mixture. Yellow = Prowl or Treflan type products.
DELAY glyphosate-resistant Palmer in RR cotton fields with LIGHT Palmer infestations*
![Page 43: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Resistance Management Practices
1. Reduce herbicide reliance (as practical)
2. Diversify MOAs; Multiple MOAs
a. Multiple MOAs within a crop.
b. Crop rotation; different MOAs
![Page 44: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Resistance Management Practices
1. Reduce herbicide reliance (as practical)
2. Diversify MOAs; Multiple MOAs
a. Multiple MOAs within a crop.
b. Crop rotation; different MOAs
3. Detect resistance early
![Page 46: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth: Georgia, 2005
![Page 47: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Detect Resistance Early
![Page 48: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
More on glyphosate-resistant Palmer?
From 1:30 till 2:45 in Grand Ballroom C
- distribution, pollen dispersal, and management
How Bad Will Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Become?
“This Palmer amaranth stuff makes me glad I am 18 months from retirement.”
Dr. Alan York
![Page 49: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Weed Resistance Learning Module at National Cotton Council Web Site: http://www.cotton.org/
• International Survey of Resistant Weeds
* http://www.weedscience.org/in.asp
• Cotton Incorporated is nearing completion of a Resistance Management Bulletin
Knowledge Gives Us Hope
![Page 50: Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: A Dilemma in Dixie Culpepper, York, Steckel, Prostko](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649edd5503460f94bee3e6/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)