HERB PRODUCTION, PROCESSINGAND UTILIZATION

REPUBLIC ACT 8423“TRADITIONAL & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT (TAMA) OF 1997”

An Act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines, providing for a traditional and alternative health care development fund and for other purposes.

BRIEF HISTORY

• a healing modality • art that is to be found on all populated

continents• part of the recorded history and an

integral part of the traditions of all peoples

• theory is the foundation for most if not all of the ancient

HERBALISM

5000 years.

MODERN HERB UTILIZATION

• 80% of the population of some Asian and African countries

primary health care

Expensive?

MODERN HERB UTILIZATION

• Many of pharmaceuticals currently available to physicians have a long history of use as herbal remedies, including opium, aspirin, digitalis and quinine.

• According to World Health Organization, approximately 25% of modern drugs used in the United States have been derived from plants.

HERBS DEFINED

• The term HERB denotes plants that of non-woody nature.

• Any plant or part of plant that is used to flavor foods or in the form of medications.

• numerous instances of herbs in our daily life.

• Herbs are often described as wonders of Mother Nature

HERBOLOGY

• The study of herbs

• Herbs possess changing combinations of properties and extent of each property.

• Herbs have the ability to heat as well as dry and moisturize. In addition, herbs may be cooling and drying and moistening.

• Some herb possess high warming qualities, while another one may simply be somewhat warming. But, both these herbs would be regarded as heating herbs.

TYPES OF HERBS• Carminative

• Laxative/Cathartic/Purgative

• Diuretic

• Emenagogue

• Analgesic

• Topical/Antibacterial

• Antioxidants

• Heating

• Aphrodisiac

• Expectorants

• Antipyretics

CARMINATIVE

• A carminative also known carminativum (plural carminativa), is a herb or preparation that either prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitates the expulsion of said gas (flatulence)

• Carminatives are often mixtures of essential oils and herbal spices with a tradition in folk medicine for this use.

CARMINATIVE

• Anise seeds Onion

• Basil Orange

• Cinnamon Oregano

• Coriander Parsley

• Dill Pepper

• Eucalyptus Peppermint

• Fennel Rosemary

• Garlic Spearmint

• Ginger Thyme

• Lemon balm Tarragon

• Serpentina

PURGATIVE/LAXATIVE/CATHARTIC• A cathartic or purgative herb used for purging and stimulating

the action of evacuating the bowels

• Purgatives and cathartic are similar to laxatives, which is mild purgative used to relieve constipation. A cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation, in contrast to a laxative, which is a substance which eases defecation usually be softening feces.

PURGATIVE/LAXATIVE/CATHARTIC• Passion flower

• Spilanthes

• Tamarind

• Psyllium

• Ipil-ipil seeds

• Niyog-niyogan

• Acapulco

• Activated charcoal

DIURETIC

• Natural diuretics may help relieve water retention by making you urinate more

• Ginger

• Horsetail

• Sambong

• Cat whiskers

• Banaba

ANALGESIC

• Good alternative to non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs for chronic mild to moderate pain and can reduce the need for prescription drugs

• Capsicum, cayenne

• Mint

• Eucalyptus

• spilanthes

EMENAGOGUE

• Herbs which stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus, stimulate menstruation, hormonal disorder or condition like oligomenorrhea

• Ginger

• Parsley

• serpentina

SEDATIVE• Herbs have a range of sedative actions, that include pain

relief ( analgesics), anti depressant and anxiolytic ( anti-anxiety) often combining two or more actions

• Calm the nerves and relieve tension. In general herbal sedatives are milder than pharmaceuticals.

• Mint

• Blue ternate

• Coriander

• Periwinkle

• Passion flower

• Lettuce

• Tarragon

Herb Utilization• Most widespread of all forms of medicine across the world,

both historically and even now

• 8o% of worlds population still relies on herbal medicine for their health needs

• Even within conventional Western medicine 20% of drugs are derived from plants in one way or another

• Herbs are almost certainly the most popular method of self-help in minor complaints, and introduce people to natural medicine

MAKING INFUSION

• Infusion is made by pouring boiling water over an amount of the herb, to extract the properties

• Suitable for leaves and flowers, whose parts are easily extracted

MAKING INFUSION

• Standard Quantities:

25 g dried herbs or 50 g fresh herbs to 500 ml boiling water

Standard Doses: 1 teacup (150ml) 3x a daily

Infusion and decoctions should be stored in tightly-stoppered container ideally, and will last for 3 days in the fridge

MAKING DECOCTION

• A decoction involves simmering the herb in water to extract its properties, and is suitable for roots or woody parts that do not easily yield their ingredients in a simple infusion.

• Place the herb in a saucepan and pour on cold water. Bring to a boil and simmer until the liquid is reduced by a third

• Strain through a sieve into a jug, and store in a fridge. It will keep for up to three day

MAKING DECOCTION

• Standard Quantities:

25g dried herbs or 5og fresh herbs to 750 ml water, reduced to 500ml after simmering

Standard doses:

1 cup (150ml) 3 times a day

WARM & COLD COMPRESS

• A compress is a way of applying herbal extracts directly to the skin, to reduce the inflammation or promote healing. Usually, an infusion or decoction of the herb is prepared for use in the compress, or simply hot or cold water can be used

• Soak a clean cloth or flannel in a hot infusion or hot water

• Place on the affected area and hold firmly in place– use a towel or bandage

POULTICE• A poultice is similar to compress on the

herb itself used, rather than just a liquid, normally poultices are applied hot and it may be useful to apply a little oil to the skin, to stop the herb from sticking

• Chop up the fresh herb if it is too large, and place sufficient herbs to cover the affected area into a saucepan. Add a little water and simmer for a couple of minutes.

• Squeeze out any excess moisture and place on the affected area. Cover with bandage or cotton strips to hold in place

• Keep in place for 3-4 hours, replacing every hour with a fresh hot poultice if necessary

MAKING OINTMENT

• An ointment contains oils or fats, but not water, and is useful to form a protective layer over the skin. Petroleum jelly or paraffin wax may be used but a wonderful natural method is to use vegetable oil such a sweet almond or sunflower with beeswax. This is also very easy way to make at home

MAKING OINTMENT

• Place beeswax and oil in a glass bowl over a saucepan of water. Bring the water to the boil and simmer until the wax has melted into the oil. Remove from the heat

• Stir continually s the oil/wax mixture cools and stiffens; essential oils may be added at his stage, as recommended, and stirred into the mixture

• Pour or spoon into small clean ointment jars seal and store. This may keep for a few months under good conditions, but should be made in small amounts as needed

MAKING OINTMENT

• Standard Quantities

25 g beeswax to 100 ml vegetable oil If adding essential oils, use 20-30 drops for this amount, but only 10 drops if skin is very sensitive

MATERIALS NEEDED

LINIMENT

• 1 Liter vegetable oil/coconut oil

or soya oil

• Lemongrass

• Ginger

• Turmeric

• Cayenne/Chili

• Essential oil (Peppermint,eucalyptus…)

• Container/ Bottle

MATERIALS NEEDED

OINTMENT/ BALM

• vegetable oil/ soy oil/coconut oil

• Lemongrass

• Ginger

• Turmeric

• Cayenne/Chili

• Essential oil (Peppermint,eucalyptus…)

• Beeswax

• Container

HERBAL SOAP

• Oil: 1 Liter

• Lye Solution: 500 ml

• Herbal Extract: 30 ml (4tbsp) Juice/Katas

60 ml (8tbsp) decoction/ pinaglagaan

Pamamaraan

• Gawin ang paghahanda ng herbal soap sa lugar na maganda ang bentilasyon

• Magsuot mg panakip butas sa ilongkatulad ng panyo at ng guwantes bilangproteksyon sa amoy at talsik ng inihahandang herbal soap

HERBAL SOAP

• Ilagay sa timba ang mantika. Haluin ng dahan-dahan sa isang direksiyon. (halimbawa pakanan) saloob ng 15 segundo.

• Pakunti-kunting idagdag ang lye solution habangpatuloy ang dahan-dahang paghahalo sa isangdireksyon. Mahalaga na dahan-dahan angpagbuhos ng lye solution sa mantka upangmaiwasan ang pag iinit ng hinahalong mgasangkap.

HERBAL SOAP

(MAHALAGANG PAALAALA: ANG LYE SOLUTION ANG DAHAN-DAHANG IBINUBUHOS SA MANTIKA; HINDI ANG MANTIKA ANG IBINUBUHOS SA LYE SOLUTION..

• Pakunti-kunti ring idagdag ang herbal extract

• Ipagpatuloy ang dahan-dahang paghahalo sa isangdireksyon hanggang lumapot,( lapot na hawig sagatas kondensada) Makakamit ito sa mgakalahating oras na paghahalo.

• Kung malapot na, agad na ibuhos sa mgahulmahan ng giawang sabon

KITCHEN MEDICINE“Let your Food be Your Medicine”

Dr. Mechelle A. Palma, MD, AMD

KITCHEN MEDICINE

• Medicine found in our kitchen

• Medicine found in our backyards

What makes your food a medicine?

• Active constitutents

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Enzymes

• Water

Food Preparation will either enhance, retard or delete some beneficial constituents

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea capita)

• Cabbage are also great detoxifying inner cleansing agents.

• Wonderful remedy for stomach ulcers.

• Fresh cabbage juice, (5x a day for 2 weeks)

• Bruised or cut up cabbage leaves applied as a plaster draws pus and infection from rashes, sores and boils.

• Hot cabbage leaves applied to muscle aches, neuralgia, and rheumatism soothes the pain.

Cabbage Juice

• 2 pcs. Cabbage leaf

• 1 clove of garlic

• ½ slice kalamansi

• Honey

• 12 ounce water

Carrot (Daucus carota)

• best sources for vitamin A

• It acts as antiseptic and anti-putrefactive and has been used as a blood cleanser and to stimulate the metabolism.

• Carrot juice is an excellent remedy for excessive stomach acid and heartburn, and also cleanses the intestinal tract and combat intestinal worms.

• Vitalizing, helping to boost the immune system, especially for children and cancer patients.

Carrot Juice

• carrots

• pineapple

• Kalamansi

• Honey

• water

• carrots

• pineapple

• Cucumber

• Honey

• Water

Cayenne (Capsicum annum)

• Chili peppers are very rich in Vitamin C and are excellent for spicing up teas for flues, colds and coughs.

• Prevents arteriosclerosis • reducing blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

• Cayenne also reduces the platelet aggregation and increases fibrinolytic activity = prevents stroke condition

• They act anti-catarrhal, decongestant and antiseptic and stimulate the circulation.

• Externally, mixed with alcohol or oil it makes an excellent rubefacient for painful muscles and joints, sprains, neuralgia and rheumatism.

Massage Oil

• 10 pieces Pound cayenne

• 1 thumb size ginger

• 1 L virgin coconut oil

----------store for 1 week----------

strain after a week add 100 ml alcohol

(methyl) mix and add aroma oil

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

• Tomatoes stimulate the digestive juices and are beneficial for stomach ulcers and liver complaints.

• They also act positively on edema, neuritis and circulation complaints, especially with regard to the peripheral blood vessels.

• Externally fresh tomato juice can be applied to wounds in order to prevent infection and pus formation and to take the heat out of inflammation.

Anise (Pimpinella anisum)

• Anise seed is an aromatic spice

• Anise seed is rich in volatile oils, which stimulate the appetite and 'warm' the stomach.

• They are demulcent, carminative, and stimulate the flow of gall.

• They reduce stomach cramps & colic.

• Anise seed is a useful addition to herbal mixtures for lung problems, coughs and bronchial catarrh, (dry coughs).

• It is an old home remedy menopausal symptoms, also stimulates lactation.

Onion (Allium cepa)

• They stimulate mucus secretion and act strongly anti-putrefactive.

• They stimulate the heart and circulation, act diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant.

• An effective cough remedy• made by cutting up an onion and covering it in

sugar. Leave covered overnight and use the resulting liquid as a cough syrup.

• For ear infection• heat a slice of onion and apply it to the ear.

• Onion juice stimulates the kidneys and helps to dissolve small kidney stones.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

• stomach troubles, nausea, indigestion and cramps, it stimulates circulation and digestion.

• It is often added to teas for colds and flues. Chewing fresh ginger relieves sore throats, hoarseness and loss of voice.

• Externally it can be applied to sore muscles and stiff joints (crushed ginger or the essential oil of ginger)

• The oil is also good for treating dandruff.

• Its action is said to lower cholesterol and inhibit coagulation, thus making it useful in cases where there is a high risk of stroke.

• However, people with stomach ulcers or hyper-acidity should avoid ginger.

ANTI-CANCER JUICE

• 2 Liters of Water

• 1 pc. Tanglad/lemongrass

• 1 thumb size ginger

------------ boil for 15 minutes

Add: Violet camote tops leaves cover for 10 minutes, strain then add kalamansi

THE 10 PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL HERBS

1. Garlic (Allium sativum)

• Wonderful home remedy whenever an antiseptic/antibiotic is needed.

• Naturally, its action is most beneficial when eaten raw. • Mix raw garlic is to mix it with honey and lemon juice as a

dressing for avocados, or as is, as a syrup.

• A soup consisting of lots of garlic, onion and strong chilies is one of the best remedies to ward off threatening colds. • This should be eaten at the first signs of weakness.

• Garlic reduces cholesterol levels, is beneficial for the heart and blood circulation as it lowers the blood pressure (vasodilator) and inhibits arteriosclerosis.

• It is full of vitamins and acts strongly antiseptic. It kills worms (enema) and disinfects most foods

• (great precaution when traveling in countries where one can't be sure of food safety -always add a little garlic, chili and lemon juice).

• It also stimulates the liver and gallbladder

• Used to be a remedy for tuberculosis.

• Steeped in Olive oil it makes a good application for ear aches. For severe cases, a heated clove of garlic (lightly toasted) can be applied directly to the ear,

• wrapping it in a thin layer of gauze to avoid a skin reaction.

Garlic Juice/ Antibiotic Juice-1 whole garlic add 5 kalamansi leave in refrigerator

with cover overnight then strain.

= 1 tbsp. 3x a day for 7 days

3 pcs. Garlic

1 thumb size ginger

10cm turmeric

kalamansi

honey

12 ounce water

=blender & take after meal

• Uses & Preparation:

Hypertension- Maybe fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30

minutes, or blanched in boiled water for 15 minutes. Take 2 pieces 3 times a day after meals.

Toothache- Pound a small piece and apply to affected area

2. Peppermint (Mentha piperita)

• Useful for conditions of the digestive tract, such as flatulence, nausea and cramps.

• good remedy for insomnia,

• Never boil Peppermint as this destroys and dissipates the volatile oils.

• It is anticatarrhal and has a reputation for loosening tough and stubborn catarrhal congestion.

Pineapple-peppermint Juice

• pineapple

• peppermint

• kalamansi

• Honey

• water

Uses & Preparation:

Pain (headache, stomachache)- Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Divide decoction into 2 parts, drink one part every 3 hours.

Rheumatism, arthritis and headache- Crush the fresh leaves and squeeze sap. Massage sap on painful parts with eucalyptus

Cough & Cold- Soak 10 fresh leaves in a glass of hot water, drink as tea. (expectorant)

Swollen gums- Steep 6 g. of fresh plant in a glass of boiling water for 30 minutes. Use as a gargle solution

Toothache- Cut fresh plant and squeeze sap. Soak a piece of cotton in the sap and insert this in aching tooth cavityMenstrual & gas pain- Soak a handful of leaves in a lass of boiling water. Drink infusion.Nausea & Fainting- Crush leaves and apply at nostrils of patientsInsect bites- Crush leaves and apply juice on affected area or pound leaves until like a paste, rub on affected areaPruritis- Boil plant alone or with eucalyptus in water. Use decoction as a wash on affected area

3.Akapulko or Acapulco

• Treatment of skin diseases:• Tinea infections, insect bites, ringworms, eczema, scabies and

itchiness.

• Used as purgative, for cough & fever, as a laxative to expel intestinal parasites and other stomach problems.

• A strong decoction of the leaves is an abortifacient.

•Preparation:Anti-fungal (tinea flava, ringworm, athlete’s foot and scabies)- Fresh, matured leaves are pounded. Apply soap to the affected area 1-2 times a day

4. Ampalaya (Bitter Melon) Momordica charantia

• Is an antioxidant, antibacterial & antipyretic

• Aids in lowering blood sugar levels, Helps in lowering blood pressure Good for rheumatism and gout

• And diseases of the spleen and liver

• Disinfects and heals wounds & burns

• Enhances immune system to fight infection

• Note: In large dozes, pure Ampalaya juice can be a purgative and abortifacient.

Preparation:Diabetes Mellitus (Mild non-insulin dependent)- Chopped leaves then boil in a glass of water for 15 minutes. Do not cover. Cool and strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day after meals

Ampalaya- For leukemia

• Ampalaya

• Mayana

• Malunggay

= equal proportion

=extract ½ cup 3x a day

5.Bayabas or guava

• Antiseptic, astringent & antihelminthic, Kills bacteria, fungi and amoeba

• Used to treat diarrhea in children

• The fresh leaves are used to facilitate the healing of wounds and cuts. A decoction or infusion of fresh leaves can be used for wound cleaning to prevent infection. Bayabas is also effective for toothaches.

• Note: Bayabas can cause constipation when consumed in excess.

• Preparation:For washing wounds- Maybe use twice a dayDiarrhea- May be taken 3-4 times a dayAs gargle and for toothache – Warm decoction is used for gargle. Freshly pounded leaves are used for toothache. Boil chopped leaves for 15 minutes at low fire. Do not cover and then let it cool and strain

6.Lagundi (Vitex negundo)

• Relief of asthma & pharyngitis

• Treatment of cough, colds, fever and flu and other bronchopulmonary disorders

• Alleviate symptoms of Chicken Pox

• The lagundi flowers are also good for diarrhea and fever. Boil as with the leaves.

• The root is specially good for treating dyspepsia, worms, boils, colic and rheumatism.

PREPARATIONSAsthma, Cough & Fever- Decoction ( Boil raw fruits or leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes)Dysentery, Colds & Pain – Decoction ( Boil a handful of leaves & flowers in water to produce a glass, three times a day)

Skin diseases (dermatitis, scabies, ulcer, eczema)- Wash & clean the skin/wound with the decoction

HeadacheCrush leaves may be applied on the forehead

Rheumatism, sprain, contusions, insect bites-Pound the leaves and apply on affected area

7. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)

• Good as a diuretic agent

• Effective in the dissolving kidney stones

• Aids in treating hypertension & rheumatism

• Treatment of colds & fever

• Anti-diarrheic & Anti-gastralgic properties

8. Tsaang Gubat

• Stomach pains, Gastroenteritis, Intestinal motility, Dysentery, Diarrhea or Loose Bowel Movement (LBM)

• Mouth gargle, Body cleanser/wash

• Gargle for stronger teeth and prevention of cavities.

•Preparation:Diarrhea- Boil chopped leaves into 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Divide decoction into 4 parts. Drink 1 part every 3 hours

Stomachache– Boil chopped leaves in 1 glass of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.

9. Ulasimang Bato(Peperomia pellucida)

• also known as "pansit-pansitan"

• it is effective in fighting arthritis and gout.

• The leaves can be eaten fresh (about a cupful) as salad or like tea.

• For the decoction, boil a cup of clean chopped leaves in 2 cups of water. Boil for 15 to 20 minutes. Strain, let cool and drink a cup after meals (3 times day).

10. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.)

• - is a vine known as "Chinese honey suckle“

• It is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina.

• Only the dried matured seeds are medicinal -crack and ingest the dried seeds two hours after eating • (5 to 7 seeds for children & 8 to 10 seeds for adults).

• If one dose does not eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose.

SERPENTINA

• Andropraphis paniculata

• King of Bitters

• Used to alleviate gastrointestinal spasm, gall badder stone disease, liver disorders, diabetes and hormonal imbalance in women

Blue Pea Flower

• Clitoria ternatea

• Also own as Blue ternate

• Edible flower traditionally used for insomnia, and as brain enhancer

• The flower has a known antidepressant and anti-anxiety effect

• May be used as juice, or freshly served with salad

SPILANTHES

• Acmella oleracea

• “Toothache plant”

• Used for tooth and Gum health

• Causes numbness in the mouth and lips

• Also called natural anesthesia

• Also used as natural face lift to reduce wrinkles

Cat Whisker

• Orthosiphon aristatus

• “Balbas pusa”

• Also known as kidney tea plant

• Used to relieve urinary tract infections, kidney stones, edema and hypertension

• Known as JAVA tea in other Asian countries

• Good source of potassium

Horsetail

• Equisetum

• The plant is a potent diuretic used for patients with kidney stones

• Usually seen in ornamental landscaping which usually grows well in moist places

• Good source of potassium

ARTHITIS

• Turmeric

• Ginger with Cayenne (Salabat)

• Cucumber, pineapple/calamansi

• Red beets , calamansi

• Diuretic teas

• Kidney flushing

DIABETES, HYPERTENSION,CANCER

• Vegetable Blend

• Cayenne, Ginger, Turmeric

• Gynura procumbens

• Carrot blend/juice

• Celery, Parsley

• Onion, Garlic, lemongrass

• Serpentina, sour sop

VEGETABLE BLEND: DETOX

• 5 leaves of saluyot

• 5 leaves of chili

• 1 tangkay malunggay

• 1 small carrot

• 1 medium ripe saba

• 1 slice pineapple

• 12 ounce water

--------blend and take 2x a day---------

VEGETABLE & FRUIT BLEND• 5 leaves of saluyot

• 5 leaves of chili

• 5 leaves of kangkong

• 5 leaves of camote tops

• 5 leaves of amplaya

• 1 tangkay malunggay

• 1 small carrot (optional)

• 1 medium ripe saba

• 1 slice pineapple

• 1 pcs mango

• 5-10 pcs kalamansi

• 500ml-1 L water

• Honey (optionl)

--------blend and take 2x a day---------

Make your own Kitchens and Backyards more beneficial……