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HERACLES IN GREEK EPIC: Studies on the Narrativity and Poeticity of a Hero Prof. Silvio Bär, Oslo Klassisk Seminar, 19.04.2018 1

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Page 1: HERACLES IN GREEK EPIC Studies on the … › ifikk › english › people › aca › classics...Heracles in A.R. Argonautica (II) • ‘Neo-analytic’: The references to Heracles

HERACLESINGREEKEPIC:StudiesontheNarrativityand

PoeticityofaHero

Prof.SilvioBär,OsloKlassiskSeminar,19.04.2018

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HerculesFarnese

MuseoArcheologicoNazionalediNapoli(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Herakles_Farnese_MAN_Napoli_Inv6001_n01.jpg)

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TOC

•  Widerangeofthetopic•  Goalsofmymonograph•  Literaryhypotheses/premiseson(Greek)myth•  HeraclesinGreekepic:apersonanongrata?•  Narratologicalcharacteranalysis•  HeraclesinApolloniusofRhodes’Argonautica•  Caseinpoint:Argonautica4.1393–1482

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WideRangeoftheTopic•  Burkert(1986:14):“OfallGreekmythologicalfigures,

Heraklesisperhapsthemostcomplicatedandthemostinteresting.HeisbyfarthemostpopularofGreekheroes,afactreflectedbytheformidablemassofevidence.Atthesametimethereisnotoneauthoritativeliterarytexttoaccountforthischaracter–inthewayHomer’sIliadaccountsforAchilles–butratheraplethoraofpassingreferences;furthermore,nosingleplacegiveshimahomeandbackground,butratherthewholeMediterraneanprovidesachangingcomplexofstoriesconnectedtoquitedifferentlocalcults.Yetthereisanidentitymarkedbyhisnameandbyacanonoficonographythatwasestablishedatanearlydate.TheattemptstounderstandtheoriginsandthedevelopmentoftheHeraklesfigureasaseriesofliterary‘inventions’areboundtofail.”(myemphases)

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GoalsofmyMonograph

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Vorbemerkungen 2

I. Zur Einführung 4 1. Herakles: Gott, Mensch, (National-?)Held 4 2. Mythentheorie und Mythendeutung: Einige Thesen xxx 3. Narratologie und Figurenanalyse: Zu den Methoden und Zielsetzungen dieser Studie xxx

II. Herakles im griechischen Epos von Homer bis Nonnos xxx 4. Homer, Ilias: Herakles als Vorbote der Trojanischen Katastrophe xxx 5. Homer, Odyssee: Die programmatische Verbannung des Herakles aus dem Epos xxx 6. (Ps.-)Hesiod: Herakles im Dienste des Göttervaters und der aemulatio Homeri xxx 6.1 Theogonie xxx 6.2 Frauenkataloge xxx 6.3 Aspis; Synthese xxx 7. Apollonios Rhodios, Argonautica: Die programmatische Ambivalenz des Helden und das Verhandeln alternativer Erzählstrategien xxx 8. Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica: Herakles im Dienste der aemulatio Homeri et Hesiodi xxx 9. Nonnos von Panopolis, Dionysiaca: Herakles als Gegenbild (und Paradigma?) für Dionysos xxx

III. Synopsis und Ausblick xxx 10. Synopsis: Zu Herakles’ Narrativität und Poetizität im griechischen Epos xxx 11. Ausblick: Anwendungsbereiche der Fragestellung auf andere Bereiche und Gattungen xxx

Bibliographie xxx a) Primärliteratur xxx b) Nachschlagewerke xxx c) Sekundärliteratur xxx d) Vorträge xxx

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AnarratologicalanalysisofHeraclesinGreekepicfromHomertoNonnus(narratologicalcharacteranalysis)TobepublishedbyFranzSteiner,Stuttgart(Palingenesiaseries)Targetlength:c.220pp.

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LiteraryHypotheses/Premsiseson(Greek)Myth

•  PoetischeSouveränitätdesDichtersbzw.Erzählers(cf.Braswell1971;Radke2007)

•  DuktilitätdesMythos(cf.Masciadri2008)

•  WiderspruchsfähigkeitdesMythos(cf.Bär2012)•  PrinzipderadditivenArgumentation•  PoetizitätdesmythischenWiderspruchsbzw.dermythisch-motivischenInversion

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NarratologicalCharacterAnalysis(I)

•  Generalidea(simplified):aliterarycharacterisanarrativeparameterasmuchas,e.g.,time,space,narrativepace,focalisation,etc.,andshouldthusbeanalysednarratologically.

•  Liddell(1955[1947]:97):“Yetforalltheirlikenesstorealpeople,fictionalcharactersarenotrealpeople:theydonothavetofunctioninlife,butinthenovel,whichisanartform.”

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NarratologicalCharacterAnalysis(II)

•  Jannidis(2004:9):“Itisacommonplaceinliterarystudiestostatethataliterarycharac-terisadifferentcategorythanapersoninreallifeperception.”(transl.S.B.)

•  Eder(2008:14):“Analyticapproachestendtoexaminecharacterspurelyintuitivelyandwithoutmethodoronlybriefly,thatis,byreducingthemtotheirfunctioninaction.”d(transl.S.B.)

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NarratologicalCharacterAnalysis(III)

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LatestdevelopmentinthestudyofnarratologicalcharacteranalysisinClassics(nondumlegi)

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HeraclesinA.R.Argonautica(I)

•  Hübscher(1940:42):“Apolloniushadtoab-stainfrombringingHeraclestotheforegroundandhavinghimjoinintheentirejourney.However,hemadeanefforttoprovideuswithacomprehensiveandcoherentpictureofthehero.”(transl.S.B.)

•  Pike(1980:44,n.11):“Apollonius’Heracles[…]is[…]slightlycomicandincongruousbutbasicallydangerousanddestructive.”

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HeraclesinA.R.Argonautica(II)

•  ‘Neo-analytic’:ThereferencestoHeraclesmightbeseenaspointingtoalosttraditionofaHellenisticHeraclesepic(cf.theaccordingneo-analyticschoolinHomericscholarship).

•  Innerfictional–psychological:Jason’seman-cipationfromHeraclesàHeraclesisaband-onedbytheArgonautsàthereferencespointtotheArgonauts’badconsciencebecauseoftheabandonment

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HeraclesinA.R.Argonautica(III)

•  Extrafictional–narratological:– Characterlevel:Heracles’inherentinconsistencyànewwayshowtolookatan‘old’story

– Levelofnarration:theHeraclesreferencestakentogetheradduptosomesortofHeracleis‘behind’themainaction(‘narrativepalimpsest’)àviaHeracles,thereaderisbeingpresentedwithalternativecontentsandalternativenarrativestrategies(meta-textualdimension)

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Argonautica4.1393–1482:HeraclesandtheHesperides(I)

•  NegativecharacterisationofHeraclesintwosteps

•  FocalisationthroughAigleàHerculesfurens•  HeraclesbringsdeathtotheHesperides<-->savestheArgonauts’lives

•  Starke-Hans-Motiv;Herculescomicus(drunk)•  HerculesStoicus(drinksonlywater)

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Argonautica4.1393–1482:HeraclesandtheHesperides(II)

•  SimultaneityofHeracles’inconsistency(different,inconsistentcharactertraitsononeandthesameoccasion)

•  Aigle(whodoesnotevenknowHeracles)isgivenavoiceàdeviatesfromthemain-streamperceptionofHeracles

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References(I)•  Bär,Silvio.2012.“WardieArgonichtdochdasersteSchiff?”RhM155(2012):210–214.

•  Braswell,BruceKarl.1971.“MythologicalInnova-tionintheIliad.”CQ21(1971):16–26.

•  Burkert,Walter.1986.“OrientalandGreekMythology:TheMeetingofParallels.”In:JanBremmer(ed.),InterpretationsofGreekMythol-ogy.Totowa,10–40.

•  DeTemmerman,KoenandEvertvanEmdeBoas(eds.).2017.CharacterizationinAncientGreekLiterature.LeidenandBoston.

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References(II)•  Eder,Jens.2008.DieFigurimFilm:GrundlagenderFigurenanalyse.Marburg.

•  Hübscher,Adalgott.1940.DieCharakteristikderPersoneninApollonios’Argonautika.Freiburg.

•  Jannidis,Fotis.2004.FigurundPerson:BeitragzueinerhistorischenNarratologie.BerlinandNewYork.

•  Kirk,GeoffreyS.1973.“Methodologicalreflex-ionsonthemythofHeracles.”In:BrunoGentiliandGiuseppePaioni(eds.),Ilmitogreco:AttidelConvegnoInternazionale.Rome,285–297.

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References(III)•  Knights,L.C.1946[1933].“HowManyChildrenhadLadyMacbeth?”In:id.,Explorations:EssaysinCriticismMainlyontheLiteratureoftheSeven-teenthCentury.London,1–39.

•  Liddell,RobertA.1947.ATreatiseontheNovel.London.

•  Masciadri,Virgilio.2008.EineInselimMeerderGeschichten:UntersuchungenzuMythenaufLemnos.Stuttgart.

•  Pike,D.L.1980.“TheComicAspectsoftheStrongman-HeroinGreekMyth.”AClass23(1980):37–44.

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References(IV)

•  Race,WilliamH.(ed.,trans.).ApolloniusRhodius:Argonautica.CambridgeMAandLondon.

•  Radke,Gyburg.“DiepoetischeSouveränitätdeshomerischenErzählers.”RhM150(2007):8–66.

•  Stafford,Emma.2012.Herakles.LondonandNewYork.

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