hepatitis edukasi

8/11/2019 hepatitis edukasi

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Laying Down A Framework

Hep 101



Today We Will

• Define hepatitis, viral hepatitis &the liver

• Learn about the 5 different typesof viral hepatitis

• Learn more about hepatitis C:

–The scope of the disease–Signs/symptoms

–Risk factors and prevention



What Is Hepatitis?• Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver

– Hepat (liver) + itis (inflammation)= Hepatitis

• Viral hepatitis means there is a specific

virus that is causing your liver to inflame(swell or become larger than normal)



The Liver• Is located in the upper right

quadrant of the abdomen

•Cleans the blood•Regulates hormones

•Helps with blood clotting•Produces bile•Produces important proteins•Maintains blood sugar levels

•And much, much, more

• The liver is essential

for life !



Inflammation

Walls ofscartissue

begin toform

Healthy liver cellsbecome trappedby a wall of scar

tissue



Hepatitis C Infection

• World - 170 million people• Canada - 240,000 to 300,000

(0.8% to 1% of pop.)• BC - 40,000 (1%)• Vancouver - 11,350 (2%)

• DTES VIDUS Study - 1,437•90% hep C posititve

WHO 2000, BC Hepatitis Service 2003, VIDUS 2003



Hepatitis C

• Affects each person differently• No vaccine available

• Many people have the virus anddo not even know it

• Approximately 1 out of 100

Canadians infected

*BC Hepatitis Service 2003

Overall cure rate with new treatment is 55%*



Natural History of Hep C

Adapted from Lauer and Walker, NEJM 2001

HealthyLiver

AcuteInfection

ChronicInfection

20%

Clear theVirus

80% VirusContinuesto Damage

Liver

Only 20% willshow symptomsInitially !



Natural History Con’t

Chronic

Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

20-30%

LiverCancer

1-4%/year

Most symptoms begin to show only when liver is more severely damaged



Factors AffectingProgression

• 30yrs or longer if:• Young at time of infection

• Healthy liver at time of infection

• Female

• 20yrs or less if:

• Drinking alcohol• Co-infection (HIV, Hep B)

• Damaged liver before infection

Adapted from Bigham, BC Hepatitis Services 2002



Signs and Symptoms

• Individuals may have one or moreof the following symptoms, whileothers experience no symptoms:

–Tiredness–Nausea

–Muscle or joint pain

–Trouble sleeping

–Loss of appetite

–Weight loss–Abdominal pain

–Itchiness

–Depression

–Dark urine (pee)



Signs and Symptoms

• A few may have specific liverrelated symptoms initially:

–Pale stool (poo)

– Jaundice (yellowing of the skin oreyes)



Risk Factors

HCV-infected householdmember/sexual partner

(7%)Tattooing

piercing

(6%)

Hospitalization

dental work

(6%)

Transfusion/dialysis

blood contact (4%)

Incarceration (3%)

No RF identified

(23%)

IDU/snorting

(51%)

Source: Health Canada Enhanced Surveillance, Oct 98-Oct 99, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa



Prevention

• Never share drug equipment

– Straws, bills, needles, syringes,water, filter, cooker, pipes etc…

• Never share tooth brushes/razorsor any personal hygiene articlesthat have blood on them (even tiny

amounts).• Practice safer sex



Prevention

• Always make sure new & sterilizedequipment is being used for tattooing& piercing

–Make sure ink for tattooing is not beingshared

• Do not touch dirty needles without

proper equipment or following properprocedures



Dirty Needle Precautions1. Handle only if you have proper equipment

• Sturdy pair of gloves, tongs or pliers and a punctureproof container (heavy plastic or metal)

2. Place needle in puncture proof container• Do not touch needle with bare hands and do not try to

recap needle if cap present

3. Can dispose container in garbage but betterif it is taken to health clinic or needleexchange

4. At school, notify custodian, teacher, nurseor police liaison officer



Needle Prick

1. Do not “milk” prick site

2. Wash the area with soap and water

3. Go to nearest emergency department

for assessment and treatment



Questions?

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