hepatitis c the next generation of treatment for hepatitis c
TRANSCRIPT
The next generation of Treatment for Hepatitis CHepatitis C
Treatment of CHC: OutcomesTreatment of CHC: Outcomes
Goal of therapy is to render the patient PCR Goal of therapy is to render the patient PCR negative for HCV RNAnegative for HCV RNA
Need to remain PCR negative 6 months Need to remain PCR negative 6 months after end of therapyafter end of therapy
Response rates for combination therapyResponse rates for combination therapyGenotype 1 up to 40%Genotype 1 up to 40%Genotypes 2 or 3 up to 80%Genotypes 2 or 3 up to 80%
Evolution of HCV genotype 1 treatment
1. McHutchison JG, et al. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1485–92; 2. Fried M, et al. N Engl J Med 2002;347:975–823. Manns MP, et al. Lancet 2001;358:958–65; 4. Hadziyannis SJ, et al. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:346–55
5. Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl):427A; 6. Sherman KE, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):401A7. Poordad F, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):402A; 8. Foster GR, et al. Hepatol Int 2011;5(Suppl.1):14
IFN: interferon; RBV: ribavirin Peg-IFN: peginterferon
DAA: direct-acting antiviralSVR: sustained virologic response
SV
R r
ate
(%
)
2–7%
IFN1
16–28%
IFN +
RBV1
20
40
60
80
100
1990 2000 2010 2020
Treatment Issues
• Genotypes 2/3 – nothing new on horizon
• Genotype 1 – failure rate 50-60%
• No good options for treatment failures
New treatment for Genotype 1 HCV
(Rx naïve patients)
Direct Acting Anivirals (DAAs)
• DAA-based triple combination therapy led to improved SVR rates over current therapy in Phase II trials – 61–85% SVR with telaprevir-based therapy4–6
– 54–75% SVR with boceprevir-based therapy7
• Telaprevir and boceprevir have recently completed Phase III trials in treatment-naïve patients– Telaprevir: ADVANCE8 and ILLUMINATE9
– Boceprevir: SPRINT-210
ADVANCE (telaprevir): study design (N=1088)
240 48 72Weeks
128 36
T12PR(N=363) TVR + PR
Follow-upSVR
PR
eRVR+eRVR+Follow-up
SVR
PR
Follow-up
SVR
TVR + PR
T8PR(N=364)
PR
Pbo +
PR
Follow-upSVReRVR+eRVR+
PR
Follow-up
Follow-up
eRVR–eRVR–
eRVR–eRVR–
Follow-upPR48
(control)(N=361)
SVR
Pbo + PR PR
Peg-IFN alfa-2a dose: 180 µg/week; RBV dose: 1000 or 1200 mg/dayeRVR: extended rapid virologic response (undetectable HCV RNA at Weeks 4 and 12); Pbo: placebo; PR: peginterferon/ribavirin; TVR: telaprevir
Peg-IFN alfa-2a dose: 180 µg/week; RBV dose: 1000 or 1200 mg/dayeRVR: extended rapid virologic response (undetectable HCV RNA at Weeks 4 and 12); Pbo: placebo; PR: peginterferon/ribavirin; TVR: telaprevir Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):427A
SPRINT-2 (boceprevir): study design (N=1097)
Follow-upSVR
Follow-upSVR
Follow-upSVR
PR + Boceprevir
PR + Boceprevir
PRlead-in PR + Placebo
PR48 ControlN=363
BOCRGT
N=368
BOC44/PR48N=366
Weeks 8–24 HCV RNA undetectable
Weeks 8–24 HCV RNA detectable*
PRlead-in
PRlead-in
PR + Placebo
0 48 72Weeks
284 8
Follow-upSVR
24
*But with undetectable HCV RNA at Week 24Peg-IFN alfa-2b dose: 1.5 µg/kg/weekRBV dose: 600–1400 mg/day in a divided daily doseRGT: response-guided therapy
*But with undetectable HCV RNA at Week 24Peg-IFN alfa-2b dose: 1.5 µg/kg/weekRBV dose: 600–1400 mg/day in a divided daily doseRGT: response-guided therapy Poordad F, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):402A
ILLUMINATE (telaprevir): study design (N=540)
Follow-up
SVR
Follow-up
SVR
PR
PR
Randomized Treatments
0 1220
Follow-up
SVR
PR
Assigned Treatment
eRVR–eRVR–
eRVR+eRVR+ Non-inferiority (NI)Non-inferiority (NI)
Follow-up
72 weeks
20 24 36 48 60 72
T12PR PR
eRVR+T12PR24N=162
eRVR+T12PR48N=160
eRVR–T12PR48N=118
Weeks
Sherman KE, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):401A
Patients discontinued for any reason before Week 20 randomization were categorized as ‘Other’ (N=100)Stopping rules were similar to ADVANCE
ADVANCE and ILLUMINATE: SVR rates with telaprevir-based therapy versus PR alone
T12PR
659/903
T12PR
659/903
PR48
158/361
PR48
158/361
72–75*
Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):427A; Sherman KE, et al. CROI 2011. Abstract 957*p<0.0001 vs PR48 in ADVANCE (75% versus 44%)
SPRINT-2: SVR rates with boceprevir-based therapy versus PR alone
BOC RGT
233/368
BOC RGT
233/368
BOC44/PR48
242/366
BOC44/PR48
242/366
PR48
137/363
PR48
137/363
Adapted from Poordad F, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):402AFor non-Black patients, p<0.0001 for both boceprevir arms versus PR48; for Black patients, p=0.044 and p=0.004 for BOC RGT and BOC44/PR48, respectively, versus PR48
Tripple therapy works in advanced fibrosisADVANCE (telaprevir): SVR rates by fibrosis stage
SV
R (
%)
PR48
134/288n/N=
ADVANCE1
1. Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):427A;
T12PR
226/290
PR48
24/73
T12PR
45/73
No, minimal or portal fibrosis
Bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis
Tripple therapy works in all IL28B genotypesADVANCE (telaprevir): SVR rates by IL28B genotype
Jacobson IM, et al. J Hepatol 2011;54(Suppl.):S542
SV
R (
%)
PR48
35/55n/N=
CC TT
T12PR
45/50
PR48
6/26
T12PR
16/22
PR48
20/80
T12PR
48/68
CT
Samples were available for 454/1088 (42%) patients enrolled in ADVANCE
Safety and tolerability with DAAs
• Common AEs with PR include:1–3
– Fatigue, headache, nausea, pyrexia and myalgia– Anemia and neutropenia– Depression, irritability and insomnia– Rash
• Additional management considerations with DAAs – Telaprevir:4–6 rash, anemia– Boceprevir:7,8 anemia and dysgeusia
1. Pegintron EMA Summary of Product Characteristics; 2. Pegasys EMA Summary of Product Characteristics3. Rebetol EMA Summary of Product Characteristics; 4. Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):427A
5. Sherman KE, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):401A; 6. Foster GR, et al. Hepatol Int 2011;5(Suppl. 1):147. Poordad F, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):402A; 8. Bacon BR, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):430A AE: adverse event
Evolution of HCV genotype 1 treatment
1. McHutchison JG, et al. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1485–92; 2. Fried M, et al. N Engl J Med 2002;347:975–823. Manns MP, et al. Lancet 2001;358:958–65; 4. Hadziyannis SJ, et al. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:346–55
5. Jacobson IM, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl):427A; 6. Sherman KE, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):401A7. Poordad F, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):402A; 8. Foster GR, et al. Hepatol Int 2011;5(Suppl.1):14
IFN: interferon; RBV: ribavirin Peg-IFN: peginterferon
DAA: direct-acting antiviralSVR: sustained virologic response
SV
R r
ate
(%
)
2–7%
IFN1
16–28%
IFN +
RBV1
20
40
60
80
100
1990 2000 2010 2020
What about Genotype 1 patients
with previous treatment failure?
Definitions of failure on prior Peg-IFN/RBV therapy
Detection limit
Relapse
Null response
Partial response
Treatment
HC
V R
NA
leve
l
2 log10 drop
Non-response
Adapted from Shiffman M. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2006;8:46–52Neumann A, et al. Science 1998;282:103–7; De Bruijne J, et al. Neth J Med 2008;66:311–22
REALIZE (telaprevir): SVR in prior relapsers, partial responders and null responders
PR48
4/27
T12/PR48
29/49
SV
R (
%)
Prior relapsers Prior partialresponders
LI T12/PR48
26/48n/N=
PR48
2/37
T12/PR48
21/72
LI T12/PR48
25/75
PR48
16/68
T12/PR48
121/145
LI T12/PR48
124/141
Prior null responders
**
**
**
Foster GR, et al. Hepatol Int 2011;5(Suppl. 1):14*p<0.001 vs PR48; post-hoc analysis
RESPOND-2 (boceprevir): SVR in prior relapsers and partial responders
PR48
2/29
BOC44/PR48
30/58
SV
R (
%)
Prior relapsers Prior partialresponders
BOCRGT
23/57n/N=
PR48
15/51
BOC44/PR48
77/103
BOC RGT
72/105
Prior null responders were excluded from RESPOND-2
Bacon BR, et al. Hepatology 2010;52(Suppl.):430A
Summary of Tripple therapy with DAAs
• Only for Genotype 1 Hepatitis C
• Uses Peg Inf + Ribavirin + DDA
• Improved response in naïve patients (65-75%)
• Improved response in prior non-responders
• Improved response in difficult to treat groups
COSTCOSTCost of treatmentCost of treatment
genotype 1 genotype 1 £12,782 for 48 weeks treatment£12,782 for 48 weeks treatmentgenotype 2 or 3 genotype 2 or 3 £5,233 for 24 weeks £5,233 for 24 weeks
Supportive therapy with:Supportive therapy with:Epoetin - Epoetin - 8000 units twice weekly = £3,216 for 6 months8000 units twice weekly = £3,216 for 6 months
G-CSF - G-CSF - Neupogen 30million units/wk = £1752 for 6 monthsNeupogen 30million units/wk = £1752 for 6 months
Cost of addition of DAA £14,000 - £24,000Cost of addition of DAA £14,000 - £24,000To be confirmed Sept 2011
Who will get the new drugs?