Henry VIII 1509-1547Religious Conflict in England

•Henry wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon because she could not produce a son•Henry petitioned the Pope for a divorce that was not granted---Catholics do not believe in divorce•In anger Henry split from the Roman Catholic Church and formed the Protestant Church of England (1534)•Henry simplified church rituals•From 1534 to 1547 Protestantism practiced

After Henry’s death the religion switched back and forth from Protestant to Catholic causing dissention

• Edward VI 1553-1558 Ruled as Protestant– He is remembered as the “child king” and is the

son of Jane Seymour. His mother died of blood poisoning shortly after Edward was born

– Male child was the first to rule. (died at 15)– Henry knew Edward would be too young to rule

so Henry appointed a council to help Edward

Edward VI 1547-1553Protestant

Edward’s Signature

• Ruled from 1553-1558 as a Catholic

• Known as Bloody Mary for burning 300 Protestants at the stake

• Daughter of Catherine of Aragon

• Hated her father, HenryVIII

• Country devastated by religious wars under her reign

Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen

• Ruled from 1558-1603 as Protestant

• Known as England’s greatest monarch

• Daughter of Anne Boleyn • Henry ordered Anne

beheaded for adultery, incest, and treason

• Elizabeth declared herself married to the Church of England

James IRuled England during the Great Migration 1603-1625

Ruled as Protestant

Believed in witches

Subjects became unhappy because he allowed games to be played on the Sabbath

Those who wanted to purify the church were called Puritans

Unhappy subjects migrated to the New World

Pilgrims and PuritansCommon Goals

1. Purify the Church of England and simplify church rituals

2. Use the bible as basis for belief and worship (*King James Version translated in 1611)

3. Strictly observe the Sabbath (reserve the day for worship only)

Division: Two Groups Formed

• They could not agree on how to accomplish their goals

• Two groups formed– 1. Separatists wanted to separate from the

church. We have come to call them Pilgrims– 2. Non-Separatists wanted only to REFORM

the church. We call this group Puritan

**Religion of both groups is Puritanism

The Pilgrims

• (1) Separatists• Wanted to BREAK away completely from

the Church of England• They saw the church as too corrupt to

reform (radicals)• Poor and uneducated• Small in number (about 100)• Left from Plymouth, England in search of a

better life

Separatists came to be known as Pilgrims

• Called Pilgrims because they were the first to travel to New World

• Sailed on The Mayflower

• Established Plymouth Colony in 1620

• Responsible for The Mayflower Compact and a democratic government

• Elected William Bradford governor

Pilgrims of Plymouth Plantation

• Known as Saints or Friends

• Peaceful

• Characteristics: strong faith, valued love and friendship, strong sense of community, and tolerant

• Do any of these characteristics describe us as Americans?

Pilgrim Plantation

• Reproduction / Original village destroyed

The group that stayed behind

• (2) Non-Separatists or Puritans

• Wanted to REFORM the church from within

• Rich and well-educated

• Land owners who thought they could make changes in the church

• About 1,000 in number

Puritan House built in 1640

Puritans

• Sailed on The Arbella and other ships

• Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

• John Winthrop served as governor

• Established a Theocracy as a government– In a theocracy the church is the head of the

government. Responsible for making and enforcing laws (church and state are one)

Theocracy

• God rules the people through the church

• Minister has the most power

• Short lived because the theocracy led to injustice and intolerance

Utopia

• A perfect society

• A way to establish this perfect society was to severely punish any who broke God’s law

• Citizens’ good behavior based on FEAR

• Puritans FEARED each other, and they FEARED God. (This fear led to Salem witch trials in 1692)

Puritan Beliefs

• Predestination or the elect doctrine=chosen by God

• Wealth a sign of being chosen (all wanted to appear prosperous)

• Prayers were of contrition (We are all sinners help us to be worthy.)

Additional Facts about Puritans

• Believed in an angry God

• A sign of wealth was a sign of being chosen by God (Think about how this idea has bred greed in us as Americans.)

• Believed in witches and persecution

• Public punishment was a way to establish a utopia. (Can you explain this idea?)

Puritan Punishment

• Puritans used public punishment to show dangers of not conforming to the Puritan Code.

• Public punishment made an example of the culprit and was used to deter crime

Stocks: Men and women placed in stocks for misdemeanors. They were often pelted with rotten fruits and vegetables and made to clean up the mess.

Whipping: For men only. Lashes number from 5 to 40

Branding: hot iron used to brand culprit for theft (HT: hog thief) Brand could appear on cheek, forehead, hand, or back

Dunking Stool: gossips

• A seventeenth-century English ducking stool, in the Colonial Williamsburg collections, would be swung out at the end of beams over a river or pond. Some dunked died.

Hanging: Adultery, Witchcraft, Theft

Public Punishment Effective

• Witnessing others made an example of proved to be a good deterrent to crime.

• In England subjects were punished in public. The Puritans brought this idea to the New World

Massachusetts Bay Puritans

• Very strict

• Believed in witches

• Believed in public punishment

• Believed God was angry and were taught to fear Him

• Characteristics: Energetic, resourceful, tough, well-organized, and intolerant

• Do any of these describe Americans?

Decline of Puritanism

• Not as many people joined the ranks of the intolerant Massachusetts Bay Colony group

• Democracy more attractive than theocracy

• Ideas of the past beginning to rankle and die out

• The two groups merged and Democracy became the form of government

The Writers

• The two men credited with recording our first history were William Bradford, governor of the Pilgrims, and John Winthrop, the governor of the Puritans.

• Both wrote because they felt a need to leave a record, a history of the 17th Century.

William Bradford and John WinthropWhat do you notice about their dress?

You can make same observation about the houses.

William Bradford, Pilgrim Governor

• Known as the Greatest Pilgrim• Father of American History because of his

journal: The History of Plymouth Plantation-considered an American Classic-a valuable account of the daily life in Plymouth and the voyage on The

Mayflower*Wrote because he felt a need to leave a

record (Plain style)

Bradford’s Journal

• Bradford did not begin his journal until 10 years after settling Plymouth Colony

John Winthrop, Governor Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630

John Winthrop’s Journal

• The History of New England– Written in plain style– Wrote because he felt a need to leave a

record– Journal is a daily record of the voyage on The

Arbella and the settlement of the colony