henrik johansson cern march 26, 2013 buds workshop infn frascati henrik johansson cern march 26,...
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Henrik JohanssonCERN
March 26, 2013
BUDS workshopINFN Frascati
1201.5366, 1207.6666, 1210.7709
Based on work with: Zvi Bern, John Joseph Carrasco, Lance Dixon, Michael Douglas, Radu Roiban,
Matt von Hippel
Towards Determining the UV Behavior of Maximal Supergravity
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
SUGRA status in one slide
After 35 years of supergravity, we can only now make
very precise statements about the D=4 ultraviolet
structure.
No D=4 divergence of pure SG has been found to date.
Susy forbids 1,2 loop div., R2, R3 c.t. incompatible with
susy
Pure gravity 1-loop finite, 2-loop divergent Goroff &
Sagnotti
With matter: 1-loop divergent ‘t Hooft & Veltman
Naively susy allows 3-loop div. R4
N=8 SG and N=4 SG 3-loop finite!
N=8 SG: no divergence before 7 loops
7-loop div. in D=4 implies a 5-loop div.
in D=24/5 -- calculation in progress!
UFinite?
N=8 SG
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
Why is it interesting ?
If N=8 SG is perturbatively finite, why is it interesting ?
It better be finite for a good reason!
Hidden new symmetry, for example
Understanding the mechanism might open a host
of possibilities
Any indication of hidden structures yet?
Gravity is a double copy of gauge theories
Color-Kinematics: kinematics = Lie algebra
Constraints from E-M duality Kallosh,….
Hidden superconformal N=4 SUGRA ? Symmetry?
Gravity
Bern, Carrasco, HJ
Ferrara, Kallosh, Van Proeyen
Henrik Johansson
Gauge Theory Analogy
Gauge theory in D>4 have same problem as D=4
gravity
Non-renormalizable due to dimensionful coupling
However, D=5 SYM has a UV completion: (2,0) theory
in D=6
Is D=5 SYM perturbatively UV finite ? Douglas;
Lambert et al.
If yes, how does it work ?
If no, what do we need to add ?
Solitons, KK modes ? Douglas; Lambert et al.
Understanding D=5 SYM might (or might not)
give clues to how to understand D=4 gravity.
(2,0) theory ?
D=5 SYM
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
Review UV status N=8 SUGRA and N=4 SYM
4pt amplitudes and UV divergences3,4-loop N=8 SUGRA & N=4 SYM5-loop nonplanar SYM6-loop planar D=5 SYM
5pt amplitudes and UV divergences1,2,3-loop N=8 SUGRA & N=4 SYM
Current 5-loop progress
Conclusion
Outline
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
UV properties N =8 SG
• N =8 SG: conventional superspace power counting forbids L=1,2
divergences Deser, Kay, Stelle; Howe and Lindström; Green,
Schwarz, Brink; Howe, Stelle; Marcus, Sagnotti
• Three-loop divergence ruled out by calculation: Bern, Carrasco,
Dixon, HJ, Kosower, Roiban, (2007), Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Roiban (2008)
• L<7 loop divergences ruled out by counterterm analysis,
using E7(7) symmetry and other methods, but a L=7
divergence is still possibleBeisert, Elvang, Freedman, Kiermaier, Morales, Stieberger; Björnsson, Green, Bossard, Howe, Stelle, Vanhove, Kallosh, Ramond, Lindström, Berkovits, Grisaru, Siegel, Russo, and more….
In D=4 dimensions:
In D>4 dimensions:Through four loops N =8 SG and N =4 SYM diverge in exactly the same dimension:
Marcus and Sagnotti; Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, Perelstein, Rozowsky;Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Kosower, Roiban
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
UV divergence trendPlot of critical dimensions of N = 8 SUGRA and N = 4 SYM
Known bound for N = 4 Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, Rozowsky, Perelstein; Howe, Stelle
current trend for N = 8If N = 8 div. at L=7
calculations:
L = 7 lowest loop order for possible D = 4 divergenceBeisert, Elvang, Freedman, Kiermaier, Morales, Stieberger; Björnsson, Green, Bossard, Howe, Stelle, Vanhove Kallosh, Ramond, Lindström,
Berkovits, Grisaru, Siegel, Russo, and more….
1-2 loops: Green, Schwarz, Brink; Marcus and Sagnotti 3-5 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Kosower, Roiban6 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
Finite?
Divergent
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
UV divergence trendPlot of critical dimensions of N = 8 SUGRA and N = 4 SYM
Known bound for N = 4 Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, Rozowsky, Perelstein; Howe, Stelle
current trend for N = 8If N = 8 div. at L=7
calculations:
L = 7 lowest loop order for possible D = 4 divergenceBeisert, Elvang, Freedman, Kiermaier, Morales, Stieberger; Björnsson, Green, Bossard, Howe, Stelle, Vanhove Kallosh, Ramond, Lindström,
Berkovits, Grisaru, Siegel, Russo, and more….
1-2 loops: Green, Schwarz, Brink; Marcus and Sagnotti 3-5 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Kosower, Roiban6 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
26/5 or 24/5 ?
Finite?
Divergent
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
N =8 Amplitude and Counter Term Structure
4pt amplitude form (any dimension)
divergence occurs in
Counter term
D = 8
D = 6
D = 7
D = 5.5
Looporder
1
2
3
4
If amplitude for L 4 has at least 8 derivatives then by dimensional analysis: no divergence before L = 7 !
D = 24/5 ?5 ??
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
N =8 Amplitude and Counter Term Structure
4pt amplitude form (any dimension)
divergence occurs in
Counter term
D = 8
D = 6
D = 7
D = 5.5
Looporder
1
2
3
4
If amplitude for L 5 has at least 10 derivatives then by dimensional analysis: no divergence before L = 8 !
D = 26/5 ?5 ??
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
Earliest appearance of N = 8 Divergence
3 loops Conventional superspace power counting Green, Schwarz, Brink (1982)Howe and Stelle (1989)Marcus and Sagnotti (1985)
5 loops Partial analysis of unitarity cuts; If N = 6 harmonic superspace exists; algebraic renormalisation
Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, Perelstein, Rozowsky (1998)Howe and Stelle (2003,2009)
6 loops If N = 7 harmonic superspace exists Howe and Stelle (2003)
7 loops If N = 8 harmonic superspace exists; string theory U-duality analysis;lightcone gauge locality arguments;E7(7) analysis, unique 1/8 BPS candidate
Grisaru and Siegel (1982);Green, Russo, Vanhove; Kallosh; Beisert, Elvang, Freedman, Kiermaier, Morales, Stieberger; Bossard, Howe, Stelle, Vanhove
8 loops Explicit identification of potential susy invariant counterterm with full non-linear susy
Howe and Lindström; Kallosh (1981)
9 loops Assume Berkovits’ superstring non-renormalization theorems can be carried over to N = 8 supergravity
Green, Russo, Vanhove (2006)
Finite Identified cancellations in multiloop amplitudes; lightcone gauge locality and E7(7),inherited from hidden N=4 SC gravity
Bern, Dixon, Roiban (2006),Kallosh (2009–12), Ferrara, Kallosh, Van Proeyen (2012)
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
3, 4, 5, 6-Loop Amplitudes
3-loop N =8 SG & N =4 SYMColor-kinematics dual form: Bern, Carrasco, HJ
UV divergent in D=6:Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Roiban
4-loops: 85 integral types
H. Johansson, QMUL 2013 15
4-loops N =4 SYM and N =8 SGBern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Roiban 1201.5366
• 85 diagrams • Power counting manifest both N =4 and N =8• Both diverge in D=11/2
up to overall factor, divergence same as for N=4 SYM part
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
N =4 SYM 5-loop AmplitudeN=4 SYM important stepping stone to N=8 SG1207.6666 [hep-th]
Bern, Carrasco, HJ, Roiban
• 416 integral topologies:
• Used maximal cut method Bern, Carrasco, HJ, Kosower
• Maximal cuts: 410• Next-to-MC: 2473• N2MC: 7917• N3MC: 15156
Unitarity cuts done in D dimensions...integrated UV div. in D=26/5
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
N =4 SYM 5-loop UV divergence
Non-Planar UV divergence in D=26/5:
Double traces and single-trace NNLC finite in D=26/5,only single-trace LC and NLC are divergent
Vanish!
Bern, Carrasco, HJ, Roiban
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
Testing D=5 interceptPlot of critical dimensions of N = 8 SUGRA and N = 4 SYM
Known bound for N = 4 Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, Rozowsky, Perelstein; Howe, Stelle
current trend for N = 8If N = 8 div. at L=7
calculations:
L = 7 lowest loop order for possible D = 4 divergenceBeisert, Elvang, Freedman, Kiermaier, Morales, Stieberger; Björnsson, Green, Bossard, Howe, Stelle, Vanhove Kallosh, Ramond, Lindström,
Berkovits, Grisaru, Siegel, Russo, and more….
1-2 loops: Green, Schwarz, Brink; Marcus and Sagnotti 3-5 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, HJ, Kosower, Roiban6 loops: Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
6-Loop Planar D=5 SYM
•68 planar diagrams•Given by dual conformal invariance (up to integer 0,1,-1,2,-2... prefactors)
• Independently constructed by: Eden, Heslop, Korchemsky, Sokatchev;
Bourjaily,
DiRe, Shaikh, Spradlin, Volovich
Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
6-Loop Planar D=5 SYM
The Parking Spot Escalation
our secret collaborator…
6-Loop D=5 SYM divergence
•Using integration by parts identities, div. simplifies to 3 integrals
•Numerical integration – modified version of FIESTA 1000 node cluster at Stony Brook
•Result: divergence is nonzero.
•What cancels this divergence ? Solitons/KK modes ? Douglas;
Lambert et al.
Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
Divergence to all loop orders ?Bern, Carrasco, Dixon, Douglas, HJ, von Hippel
Intriguing pattern of UV divergence in critical dimension of maximal susy YM
• Accurate to <1%
• Why do the UV divergences follow this approximate curve?
• Is it asymptotically exact ?
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
5pt N=8 SUGRA calculations
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
C-K amplitudes at 1 loop
2
41
3Green, Schwarz,Brink (1982)
Duality-satisfying loop amplitudes:
2
41
3
N=4 SYM:
All-plus QCD:
N=4 SYM andAll-plus QCD:
1106.4711 [hep-th]Carrasco, HJ
SYM UV div in D=8:
Carrasco, HJ 1106.4711 [hep-th]
SU(8) violating SG UV div in D=8:
SG UV div in D=8:
1-loop 5-pts UV divergences
counterterms:
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
2-loop 5-pts N =4 SYM and N =8 SG
The 2-loop 5-point amplitude with Color-Kin. duality
N = 8 SG obtained from numerator double copies
Carrasco, HJ
1106.4711 [hep-th]
2-loop 5-pts UV divergences
SYM UV div in D=7:
SG UV div in D=7:
Carrasco, HJ 1106.4711 [hep-th]
SU(8) violating SG UV div in D=8:
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
3-loop 5-point SYM and N =8 SG
(“ladder-like” diagrams)
Carrasco, HJ(to appear)
Non-planar D-dimensional amplitude with manifest color-kinematics duality
(N = 8 SG obtained from squaring the numerators)
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
3-loop 5-point SYM and N =8 SG
some “Mercedes-like” diagrams… Carrasco, HJ(to appear)
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
3-loop 5-point SYM and N =8 SGCarrasco, HJ(to appear)
…in total 42 diagrams.
For SYM the UV divergent diagrams (in D=6) are very simple:
(for SG the UV div. comes from the other diagrams as well)
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
3-loop 5-pts UV divergences
N =8 SG 5-loop StatusWorking on reorganizing 5-loop N=4 SYM
Bern, Carrasco, HJ, Roiban (in progress)
• 416 + 336 = 752 integral topologies• BCJ: 2500 functional Jacobi eqns
Relaxing ansatz:• Non-manifest crossing symmetry• Allow for non-local numerators• Gauge variant numerators• Relax power counting• Allow for triangle diagrams• …
Once we have integrand, integration will take ~ 1 day:• No subdivergences in D=24/5 • No IR divergences since D>4, and absence of bubbles• No more difficult than IBP:s for N=4 SYM < 1 day• If needed, numerical integration ~ few days
SYM SG ?
3 loops, D=6:
4 loops, D=11/2:SYM SG
SYM SG
H. Johansson, Frascati 2013
Fortune-telling from pattern
5 loops, D=26/5:
related to diagrams in thequartic Casimir
Summary
Explicit calculations in N = 8 SUGRA up to four loops show that the power counting exactly follows that of N = 4 SYM -- a finite theory
5 loop calculation in D=24/5 probes the potential 7-loop D=4 counterterm -- will provide critical input to the N = 8 question !
D=5 SYM have a 6-loop UV divergence, showing that the standard perturbative expansion misses some of the (2,0) theory contributions.
Color-Kinematics duality allows for gravity calculations for multiloop multipoint amplitudes -- greatly facilitating UV analysis in gravity.
Numbers in UV divergences of N =8 SUGRA and N =4 SYM coincide, suggesting a deeper connection between the theories
Stay tuned for the 5-loop SUGRA result…
THANK YOU!