hematology - files.campuslogin.com
TRANSCRIPT
Lesson 2-1
Introduction to
Hematology
Overview
• Blood vessels and blood circulation
• Composition of blood
• Origin of blood cells
• Hematological diseases
• Hematology laboratory– Test methods
– Complete blood count (CBC)
Circulatory System
• Cardiopulmonary circulation
• Systemic circulation
Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
Composition of Blood
• Plasma
• Cellular elements– Red blood cells
– White blood cells
– Platelets
Blood Cells
Origin of Blood Cells
• Hemopoiesis
• Hemopoietic stem cell
Origin of Blood Cells
Stem Cell Research
• Adult
• Embryonic
Hematology Laboratory
• Methods of analysis
• Safety
• Quality assessment
• Specimens
• CBC
• Coagulation tests and special
hematology tests
CBC
• CBC or complete blood count includes:
• Red blood cell count
• White blood cell count
• Hemoglobin
• Reb blood cell indices
• White blood cell differential count
• Platelet count
• Blood cell morphology
CBC
Hematological Diseases
• Inherited
• -Hemophilia
• -Sickle Cell anemia
• -Thalassemia
• Secondary
• -Iron deficiency anemia
• -Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 & folic acid deficiency)
• -Abnormal appearance of red cells in renal failure
• Abnormal lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis
Anemia
• Anemia is a reduction in the number of RBCs, the quantity
• of hemoglobin, or the volume of RBCs
• Prevalent conditions
– Blood loss
– Decreased production of erythrocytes
– Increased destruction of erythrocytes (Hemolysis)
Thalassemia
• Autosomal recessive genetic disorder of
inadequate production of normal hemoglobin
• Thalassemia minor/trait– Body adapts to ↓ Hgb
• Thalassemia major– Blood transfusions
Leukemia
• Leukemia is characterized by an abnormal
proliferation of immature white blood cells,
called blasts cells.
Leukemia is Divided into Four Categroies based on Maturity and Cell Lineage
Chronic Myelocytic
Leukemia
CML
CGL
Chronic Lymphocytic
Leukemia
CLL
CHRONIC
Acute Myeloid
Leukemia
AML
ANLL
Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia
ALL
ACUTE
LEUKEMIA
Sickle Cell Disease
• Sickle cell disease causes the red cell to assume
a sickle shape
• The resultant cellular defect leads to the main
manifestations of the disease, which include:
– premature death of the cells (hemolytic anemia)
– increased susceptibility to infection
Thrombocytopenia
• Disorder of decreased platelets
• platelet count below 150,000
• Causes
– Low production of platelets
– Increased breakdown of platelets
• Symptoms
– Bruising
– Nosebleeds
– Petechiae (pinpoint microhemorrhages)
Hemophilia(Bleeding Disorder)
• The person can present with mild, moderate, or severe
hemorrhagic disease, depending on the amount of active protein
produced. Hemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary blood disease
characterized by greatly prolonged coagulation time.
– Hemophilia A is due to a deficiency of blood coagulation Factor VIII
– Hemophilia B is due to a deficiency of blood coagulation Factor IX