HELP IN HEALING

A Training Guide for Advocates 2013 Edition

MAINE Coalition AgainstSexual Assault

Help in Healing: A Training Guide for AdvocatesTable of Contents

IntroductionbyElizabethWardSaxl.......................................................................4Section1: HistoricalandGlobalPerspectivesonSexualViolence...........................................7

Section2: TypesofSexualViolence.........................................................................................21 IntroductiontoTypesofSexualViolence................................................................23 SexualHarassment.......................................................................................31 SexualAssault..............................................................................................39 Stalking........................................................................................................45 TheSexIndustry..........................................................................................51 HumanTrafficking.......................................................................................55 IntimatePartnerSexualViolence................................................................ 59 RitualisticAbuse.......................................................................................... 69 InstitutionalandProfessionalAbuse...........................................................77 Section3: AdvocacyandAccompaniment...............................................................................95

Section4: MedicalResponseandResources...........................................................................143

Section5: LegalResponseandResources................................................................................161

Section6: MentalHealthandSubstanceUseandAbuse........................................................181

Section7: SupportingtheWholeSurvivor...............................................................................211 IntroductiontoSupportingtheWholeSurvivor...........................................213 ChildSexualAbuse......................................................................................217 Adolescents.................................................................................................235 CampusSexualViolence............................................................................. 239 AdultSurvivorsofChildhoodSexualAbuse.................................................245 OlderAdults.................................................................................................253 SurvivorswithDisabilities............................................................................261 Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,andQueerIdentifiedSurvivors..........269 MaleSurvivors..............................................................................................275 RaceandEthnicity........................................................................................281 ImmigrantandRefugeeSurvivors...............................................................285 WabanakiTribes...........................................................................................295 HomelessPopulations..................................................................................299 ConcernedOthers........................................................................................305

Section8: SurvivorHealing.......................................................................................................313

Section9: Offenders.................................................................................................................321

Section10: Conclusion............................................................................................................... 331

4

INTRODUCTION

by Elizabeth Ward SaxlExecutive Director, Maine Coalition Against Sexual Assault

Ourthanksextendtoyou,newandexperiencedadvocatesalike,foryourcontinuedcommitmenttohelpingthoseimpactedbysexualviolence.

TheMaineCoalitionAgainstSexualAssault(MECASA)ispleasedtoofferHelp in Healing: A Training Guide for Advocates,2013Edition.Weanticipatethatthisrevisedmanualwillsupportandrevitalizethetrainingofadvocatesatthesexualassaultsupportcentersacrossthestate.Itisourhopethat,throughthiscompilationofexperienceandexpertise,newadvocateswilllearntheprocessofprovidingsupportandadvocacytosurvivorsandtheircommunities.

MECASArepresentsandservesMaine’ssexualassaultsupportcenterswithamissionofendingsexualviolenceinMaine,andensuringthattherewillbeongoingsupportandservicesforsurvivors.MECASAworkstowarditsmissionbyprovidingpublicpolicyadvocacy,assistancetothecenters,publicawarenessandpreventionactivities,andstatewidetraining. TERMS

Continuingwithpasttradition,thiseditionofthemanualgenerallyusesgender-neutrallanguage,inrecognitionthatsexualviolenceisdirectedat,andcommittedby,peopleofallgenderidentities.Thelanguageinthemanualavoidsusinggenderedpronouns(unlessitisappropriatetodoso,asindiscussionsofpregnancy,forexample)andinsteaduses“survivor”or“offender”and,evenwheregrammaticallyincorrect,theplural“they”or“them.”Thegoalisthatthematerialsbebothinclusiveandreadable.

ConsiderationsforAdvocatesboxesappearthroughoutthetexttohighlightcertainimportantpiecesofinformationorhelpfulapproachesforadvocates.Keepinginmindthatadvocacyworkisbasedontheempowermentofuniquesurvivorsandconcernedothersandthateverysituationisdifferent,theConsiderationsarenotmeanttobedirective,butrather,aresuggestionstobeappliedwhenappropriateforthecircumstances.

Thismanualwasrevisedbyacommittee,sosomestylisticdifferencesmayexistamongtheauthorsandsections.However,thecommitteesoughttoachievecontinuity,especiallywithregardtocertainterms.Thefollowinglistincludesaselectionoftermsappearingthroughoutthemanualandabriefexplanation.

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INTRODUCTION

1. Sexual violence.Thismanualusestheterm“sexualviolence”todescribesexualassault,sexualharassment,humantrafficking,incest,ritualisticabuse,andthemanyotherexperiencesdiscussedthroughoutthemanual.Termsdescribingspecifictypesofsexualviolenceareusedinthevarioussectionsofthemanual,andmayappearincitedmaterial.

2. Survivor. Thismanualusestheword“survivor”todescribesomeonewhohasexperiencedsexualviolence,andtoacknowledgethegrowthandpowerofeveryindividual.Useofthistermreflectsthefactthatindividualsaremorethantargetsofsexualviolence,andmanyindividualsdonotconsiderthemselvesvictimsorwishtobereferredtoassuch.Useoftheword“victim”isusedoccasionallytodescribeanindividualwhoiscurrentlyexperiencing,orhasveryrecentlyexperienced,sexualviolence.Inaddition,insectionsreferringtoothercommunitysystems,theword“survivor”maybereplacedwith“victim,”“witness,”“patient,”etc.

3. Offender.Thistermisusedtonametheindividualwhocommitsactsofsexualviolence.Otherwordsusedinplaceof“offender”maybethoseusedinothersystemsorcontexts,andinclude“abuser,”“perpetrator,”“suspect,”“stalker,”etc.

4. Statewide sexual assault crisis and support line. Ratherthandescribingadvocacytelephoneservicesasa“hotline”or“helpline,”themanualusestheterm“statewidesexualassaultcrisisandsupportline”tounifyandstandardizethelanguageandservice.Insomesectionsofthemanual,thisisshortenedto“crisisandsupportline.”

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Weofferourmostsincerethankstothecoregroupofadvocates,andtheagenciesthatsupportedthem,whoinvestedsignificanttimeandenergyontherevisionofHelp in Healingoverseveralyears,including:LydiaChristieofAMHCSexualAssaultServices;KayceHuntonofSexualAssaultSupport

ServicesofMidcoastMaine;CharlenePowellofSexualAssaultResponseServicesofSouthernMaine,andSarahWood,oftheSexualAssaultCrisisCenter.Theseindividualsspentcountlesshoursovermultipleyearsresearching,writing,andrevisingthismaterial.MECASAisgratefulfortheirdedication,expertise,andprofessionalism.

Inaddition,wewanttoofferspecialacknowledgmentfortheextraordinaryworkofKateFaragherHoughton,JD,withoutwhomthisprojectcouldnothavebeencompleted.Herfacilitationandsupportoftheprojectwereinvaluable.

ThisrevisionwasalsoassistedbyMECASA,withtheassistanceofformerstaffmembersDoreenMerrill,LauraleeRaymond,andcurrentstaffmembersDestieHohmanSpragueandCaraCourchesne.

Thecommitteealsoincludedmanyotherstaffmembersfromthesexualassaultsupportcentersacrossthestate.Overthecourseoftheproject,severaladvocatesparticipatedinthecommitteeorcontributedbydraftingparticularsections,makingvitalcontributionsduringtheirtimeontheproject.Theseindividualsincluded:PamAdamsformerlyofSexualAssaultVictimsEmergencyServices;DianeArsenaultformerlyoftheRapeEducationandCrisisHotline;SusanBeaulieuoftheSexualAssaultCrisisandSupportCenter;ChrisDavisformerlyoftheRapeEducationandCrisisHotline;LorraineChamberlainofAMHCSexualAssaultServices;ElisabethDudley-BeanoftheformerWatervilleRapeCrisisAssistanceandPrevention;AnnmarieFitzpatrickoftheSexualAssaultCrisisandSupportCenter;JeannieFoxformerlyofAMHCSexualAssaultServices;RobbinKyshuraformerlyoftheRapeEducationandCrisisHotline;BobbiePalmerformerlyofDowneastSexualAssault;SuePowersformerlyofRapeResponseServices;VictoriaQuinlanformerlyofSexualAssaultResponseServicesofSouthernMaine;MaggieRickeroftheformerWatervilleRapeCrisisAssistanceandPrevention;andJuliaTerryformerlyofSexualAssaultVictimsEmergencyServices.

Inaddition,somesectionsinthismanualwerereviewedbythefollowingoutsideconsultantswho

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HELP IN HEALING: A TRAINING GUIDE FOR ADVOCATES

donatedtheirtimeandexpertisetotheproject:CourtneyBeer,Esq.ofPineTreeLegalAssistance,JonBradleyofPrebleStreet;PollyCampbell,R.N.,oftheSexualAssaultForensicExaminationProgramintheMaineOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral;BrandiCaronoftheMaineStatePoliceCrimeLaboratory;LuciaChomeauHunt,Esq.ofPineTreeLegalAssistance;SallyCurran,Esq.;KarenElliottoftheMaineDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices/AdultProtectiveServices;EvertFowle,districtattorneyofKennebecandSomersetCounties;SueHallDreherofSexualAssaultSupportServicesofMidcoastMaine;FatumaHusseinofUnitedSomaliWomenofMaine;NicoleLadneroftheMaineOfficeoftheSecretaryofState;BillLowensteinofAdCareMaine/NewEnglandInstituteofAddictionStudies;WaltMcKee,Esq.,ofLipman,KatzandMcKee;MarteMcNallyofYorkCountyCommunityHealth;ChrisMontagnaoftheStateofMaineHealthandEnvironmentalTestingLab;CareyNasonoftheSafeCampusProjectattheUniversityofMaineatOrono;ConnieOstis,PhD,LCSW;TinaPanayides,Esq.PLLC;DeborahShawRiceoftheVictims’CompensationProgramintheMaineOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral;JaneRootoftheMaliseetDomesticViolenceandSexualAssaultProgram;NancySoctomahofPassamaquoddyPeacefulRelations;KelliStarFox,LCSW,LADC,CCS;BethStickney,Esq.,oftheImmigrantLegalAdvocacyProject;HollyStoveroftheMaineDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices;andCatherineYomoahoftheMaineDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.MECASAoffersspecialthankstotheseindividualsandagenciesfortheircollaborativeassistance.

Finally,MECASAoffersthanksandappreciationtoElaineRiesenbergandPamDamon,whovolunteeratSexualAssaultResponseServicesofSouthernMaineanddonatedmanyhoursofeditingtothisproject.

TheproductionandprintingofHelpinHealingwassupportedbyfundingfromtheMaineDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesandthefederalOfficeofViolenceAgainstWomen.