Parasitic Disease Number of Infections (millions) Morbidity (%)

Mortality (number)

(%)

Ascariasis 1,472 23 60,000 0.004

Hookworm infections 1,298 12 65,000 0.005

Lymphatic filariasis 120 37

Onchocerciasis 18 4.2 45,000 0.25

Schistosomiasis 200 10 20,000 0.01

Trichuriasis 1,049 21 10,000 0.001

Helminthspecies Numbers(millions) Distribution

AncylostomaduodenaleandNecatoramericanus 1,298.00 Worldwide;developingcountriesAscarislumbricoides 1,472.00 Worldwide;developingcountriesBrugiamalayiandBrugiatimori 13.00 E.Indonesiaislands;Philippines;S.E.Asia;SouthernChina;India.Clonorchissinensis 7.01 China;Korea;Taiwan;VietnamDiphyllobothriumlatum 9.00 Worldwidewherecertainrawfishiseaten.Dracnunculusmedinensis 0.08 Sub-SaharaAfrica;YemenEchinococcusgranulosusandEchinococcusmultilocularis 2.70 WorldwideEchinostomaspp. 0.15 Philippines;ThailandFasciolahepaticaandFasciolagigantica 2.40 China;Egypt;Europe;Iran;SouthAmericaFasciolopsisbuski 0.21 Bangladesh;Cambodia;China;India;Indonesia;Laos;Thailand;Vietnam.Heterophyesheterophyes(andrelatedspecies) 0.24 Egypt;Iran;KoreaHymenolepisnana 75.00 Americas;Australia;developingcountriesLoaloa 13.00 WestandcentralSub-SaharanAfricaMetagonimusyokogawai(andrelatedspecies) 0.66 Korea;S.E.Asia.Onchocercavolvulus 17.66 CentralandSouthAmerica;Sub-SaharanAfrica;YemenOpisthorchisviverriniandOpisthorchisfelineus 10.33 Kazakhastan;Laos;Thailand;UkraineParagonimuswestermani(andrelatedspecies) 20.68 China;Laos;Korea;Ecuador;PeruSchistosomahaematobium 113.88 Africa;E.MediterraneanregionSchistosomaintercalatum 1.73 Sub-SaharanAfricaSchistosomajaponicum 1.55 China;WesternPacificregionSchistosomamansoni 83.31 Africa;Caribbean;E.MediterraneanregionSchistosomamekongi 0.91 Cambodia;LaosStrongyloidesstercoralis 70.00 Worldwide(warmercountries)Taeniasaginata 77.00 Worldwide(relatedtobeefconsumption)Taeniasolium 10.00 Worldwide(relatedtoraisingpigsforpork)Trichuristrichiura 1,049.00 Worldwide;developingcountriesWuchereriabancrofti 107.00 Asia;CentralandSouthAmerica;Sub-SaharanAfrica;WestPacific

countries

Phylum Nematoda (the roundworms) • Class Aphasmida (=Enoplea)

o Order Dioctophymatida o Family Dioctophymatidae

o Dioctophyme renale o Family Eustrongylidae

o Eustrongylides tubifex o Order Trichurida

o Family Capillaridae o Capillaria hepatica o Capillaria philippinensis

o Family Trichinellidae o Trichinella spiralis (trichinosis, trichinellosis)

o Family Trichuridae Trichuris spp. (whipworms)

• Class Rhabditae o Order Rhabditidae

o Strongyloides stercoralis o Order Strongylida

o Family Ancylostomidae o Ancylostoma spp. (hookworms) o Necator americanus (hookworms) o (see, also, cutaneuous larval migrans, CLM)

o Placoconus (= Arthrocephalus) sp. o Family Angiostrongylidae

o Angiostrongylus cantonensis FamilyTrichostongyloidaeCooperiaspp.

o Haemonchus spp. o Nematodirus spp. o Obeliscoides cuniculi o Ostertagia spp. o Trichostongylus spp.

o Order Ascaridida o Ascaris spp. (human and pig roundworms) o Toxocara canis (canine roundworms) o (see, also, visceral larval migrans, VLM)

o Baylisascaris procyonis o Anisakis spp.

o Order Oxyurida

o Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) o Cosmocerella sp.

o Order Spirurida o Suborder Spirurina

o Family Onchocercidae o Brugia malayi (brugian filariasis, elephantiasis) o Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm) o Loa loa (African eye worm) o Onchocerca volvulus (onchocerciasis, riverblindness) o Wuchereria bancrofti (bancroftian filariasis, elephantiasis)

o Family Rhabdochonidae o Spinitectus sp.

o Suborder Camallanina o Family Camallanidae

o Camallanus oxycephalus o Family Dracunculidae

o Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm, fiery serpent) o Philometra cylindracea

PhylumPlathyhelminthes(theflatworms)• Class Turbellaria

o Order Neorhabdocoela o Temnocephala sp.

• Class Monogenea (the monogenetic trematodes) o Subclass Monopisthocotylea

o Gyrodactylus sp. o Tetraonchus sp.

o Subclass Polyopisthocotylea o Microcotyle sp. o Octomacrum sp. o Polystoma sp. o Polystomoides sp. o Rajonchocotyle sp.

• Class Trematoda o Subclass Aspidogastrea

o Aspidogaster sp. o Cotylaspis sp.

o Subclass Digenea (the digenetic trematodes) o Order Paramphistomiformes

o Family Microscaphidiidae o Dictyangium sp.

o Family Notocotylidae o Notocotylus notocotylus

o Family Paramphistomidae o Megalodiscus temperatus o Watsonius sp. o Zygocotyle lunata

o Order Hemiuriformes o Family Azygiidae

o Proterometra sp. o Order Echinostomatiformes

o Family Echinostomatidae o Echinostoma spp.

o Family Fasciolidea o Fasciola hepatica (the sheep liver fluke) o Fascioloides magna o Fasciolopsis buski

o Family Rhopaliasidae o Rhopalias sp.

o Order Strigeiformes o Family Brachylaemidae

o Leucochloridium sp. o (see Urogonimus sp., also)

o Postharmostomum helicis Urogonimus (= Leucochoridium ?) dryobatae

o Family Bucephalidae o Rhipidocotyle sp.

o Family Diplostomatidae o Diplostomulum sp. o Uvulifer ambloplitis ("black spot" in fish)

o Family Strigeidae o Cotylurus sp.

o Family Schistosomatidae o Schistosoma spp. (the schistosomes or blood flukes)

o Order Opisthorchiformes o Family Cryptogonimidae

o Acetodextra sp. o Allochanthochasmus sp.

o Family Opisthorchiidae o Clonorchis sinensis (the oriental or Chinese liver fluke) o Metorchis conjunctus

o Family Heterophyidae o Apophallus sp. o Heterophyes heterophyes o Metagonimus yokogawai

o Order Lepocreadiiformes o Family Lepocreadiidae

o Apocreadium sp. o Order Plagiorchiformes

o Suborder Plagiorchiata o Family Allocreadiidae o Allocreadium sp. o Crepidostomum sp.

o Family Auridistomidae o Auridistomum sp.

o Family Cephalogonimidae o Cephalogonimus sp.

o Family Dicrocoeliidae o Conspicuum sp. o Dicrocoelium dendriticum (the lancet fluke) o Eurytrema pancreaticum o Lutztrema sp. o Platynostomum sp. o Zonorchis sp.

o Family Haematoloechidae o Haematoloechus medioplexus (frog lung fluke)

o Family Lecithodendriidae o Loxogenes sp. o Parabascus sp.

o Family Lissorchiidae o Lissorchis fairporti o Triganodistomum sp.

o Family Macroderoididae o Alloglossidium corti

o Family Microphallidae o Microphallus sp.

o Family Plagiorchiidae o Styphlodora sp.

o Family Pleorchiidae o Pleorchis sp.

o Family Prosthogonimidae o Prosthogonimus macrorchis

o Family Telorchiidae o Telorchis sp.

o Suborder Troglotremata o Family Troglotrematidae

o Paragonimus westermani (human lung fluke)

• Class Cestoidea o Subclass Cestodaria

o Gyrocotyle sp. o Subclass Eucestoda (the tapeworms)

o Order Caryophyllidea o Glaridacris catastomus

o Order Cyclophyllidea o Choanotaenia sp. o Dipylidium caninum (cucumber tapeworm) o Echinococcus granulosus o Echinococcus multilocularis o (see, also, hydatid disease)

o Hymenolepis spp. o Hymenolepis diminuta o Hymenolepis (Vampirolepis) nana (dwarf tapeworm) o Mesocestoides sp. o Moniezia expansa o Multiceps serialis (see T. serialis) o Taenia spp. (pork and beef tapeworms of humans)

o (see, also, cysticercosis) o Taenia pisiformis (canine tapeworm) o Taenia serialis

o Order Proteocephalata o Corallobothrium sp.

o Ophiotaenia sp. o Proteocephalus sp.

o Order Pseudophyllidea o Bothriocephalus sp. o Diplogonoporus grandis o Diphyllobothrium latum (broad fish tapeworm) o (see, also, sparganosis)

o Haplobothrium sp. o Ligula intestinalis o Triaenophorus crassus

o Order Tetraphyllidea Order Trypanorhyncha