helminths nematodes cestodes trematodes (round...
TRANSCRIPT
HELMINTHS
Nematodes (round worm)
Intestine Blood
Cestodes(tape worm)
Intestine
Trematodes(Flat worm)
Intestine BloodLiver & Lungs
Helminths (worms)
intestine & Tissue
Intestinal & tissue
in different
areas
Flat worms
Platyhelminthes
Cylindrical worms
Nemathelminthes
One piece
Trematoda
Flukes
Segmented
Cestoda
Tape worms
Nematoda
Points to be studied in any helminth
Geographical Distribution
Definitive host (Final host)
Habitat (adult parasite )
Intermediate host
Infective Stage & mode of infection
Pathogenesis & Clinical picture
Diagnostic stage & Methods of diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
TREMATODES
General Characteristics
FASCIOLOSIS
Geog. Distribution:
F.gigantica cattle raising countries Both exist
F.hepatica
Final Host:
sheep raising countries
Habitat:
Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage:
Mode of infection:raw green vegetables
Fasciola sppInfected ManDefinitive host
Infected Herbivorous
animalsReservoir host
Life CycleIngestion of contaminated
of
vegetables
Mode of
infection
& water
Encysted
after metacercaria
Infective
stage
Egg
Diagnostic
stageFresh water
Intermediate hostsnailsimple tail
Lepto-cercouscercaria
Hatching miracidium
L.cailliaudiF.gigantica
L.truncatulaF.hepatica
Fasciolopsis
• Fasciolopsis buski
buski
Egg
Egg is similar toFasciola hepatica
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Schistosoma Parasites
D.H: ManR.H: None
D.H: ManR.H: Rodent,
D.H: ManR.H: Domestic animalsMonkeys
S.japonicumS.mansoniS.haematobium
Adult Flukes live in blood vessels of
infected Humans
Called Blood Flukes
Adult Morphology
Sexes: separate
Female: cylindrical
Male: flattened,
(gynaecophoric
Suckers: oral &
folded
canal).
ventral
(smaller in females).
Digestive system:
No muscular Pharynx
Intestinal ceaca reunite
in a single caecum.
Cercarial Dermatitis (Bather’s itch or swimmer’s itch)
A condition that occurs due to penetration of cercariae of non-
human species of schistosomes
the skin of man.
Cercariae cannot go beyond the germinal layer.
Clinical picture:
Dermatitis, itching, oedema and
secondary bacterial infection.
Treatment:
Antipruritics,
antibiotics.
antihistamincs,
Clonorchis sinensisChinese liver fluke