helen e. dahlke, zachary m. easton, daniel r. fuka, nalini ... · total runoff and the saturated...

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Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini S. Rao, Tammo S. Steenhuis

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Page 1: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini S. Rao, Tammo S. Steenhuis

Page 2: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Northeastern US Variable Source Areas

Page 3: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

• Near stream areas,  and areas with shallow soils over a slowly permeable glacial till or bedrock produce the majority of runoff

• Hydrology is, to a great extent, driven by topography

VSA  CHARACTERISTICS

Page 4: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Total runoff and the  saturated portion of the  watershed is a function of amount of precipitation

If rainfall > ET, soil wets up

MODELING VSA HYDROLOGY

If rainfallexcess

 > soil storage,  overland flow

SPPQ

e

e

+=

2

Modeling approaches:

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛⋅⋅

=DK

A

sβλ

tanln

Soil topographic wetness indexSteenhuis et al. 1995, Walter et al. 2000

Page 5: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Hillside Modeling with Darcy

Page 6: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Knowledge of location of VSA is crucial for control of non-point source pollution

VSA HYDROLOGY AND BMP PLACEMENTVSA HYDROLOGY AND BMP PLACEMENT

Page 7: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Existing models often require extensive expertise and effort to be used on a routine basis for BMP planning

Need of maps of distributed runoff over the landscape for each storm

Spatial predictions that can be used to direct manure spreading schedules

Page 8: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

• Develop a tool that readily indicates the likelyhood of runoff generation (and saturation)

• Spatially based and easy to use

• easily accessible, but scientifically sound

Page 9: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

INTERACTIVE WEB TOOL ‐ CONCEPT

BACKGROUNDPROCESSING

GIS

• Topographic index• Administrative and infrastructural data

• Air photographs

Page 10: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

INPUTTmax, Tmin, Pobs

Bedrock reservoir

Evaporation

Hydrologically sensitive area

root zone

runoff

deep percolation

snowmelt module(Pcalc)

Streamflow

OUTPUTHSA extent and 

dynamic

DEM

Soil Topographic Index

HYDROLOGICAL MODEL

Page 11: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

APPLICATION IN SALMON CREEK

Page 12: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

WATERSHED HYDROLOGY

Page 13: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

SATURATION PROBABILITY

Page 14: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

HSAs vs. BMP LOCATIONS

Page 16: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 17: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 18: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 19: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 20: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,

Thankyou !

Tammo Steenhuis: [email protected]

Helen Dahlke: [email protected]

Contact:

Page 21: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 22: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,
Page 23: Helen E. Dahlke, Zachary M. Easton, Daniel R. Fuka, Nalini ... · Total runoff and the saturated portion of the watershed is a function of amount of precipitation If rainfall > ET,