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Questionnaires from Contracting Parties of Measures latest update May 2018

Denmark:

Overview of measures aiming at reducing diffuse sources – status 2015 – elaborated by DCE, Aarhus University:

Agriculture

The description here is the main regulation – exemptions are numerous. Application rate below economical optimum (app. 20 % in 2015) Application of manure – only allowed to use manure corresponding to 1.4 animal unit (= 140 kg N/ha) for pig, poultry etc. production and 1.7 for dairy

production. Application of manure – requirements for the amount of N usable for the plant production, e.g. 75 % of N in pig manure. Ban of applying manure during autumn/winter Ban of tillage during autumn/winter Catch crops – mandatory 10/14% of the relevant area (only area with spring crops)

Catch crops on top of the 10/14% may also be part of a permit Catch crops implemented specifically to protect aquifers for drinking water

Storage capacity – 9 months Afforestation Construction of wetlands – mainly for reducing N Farming area taken out of production and used for e.g. infrastructure, new housing areas etc. Buffer strips – only applied for a few years Baseline – effects of structural elements like increased organic farming, genetic development of crops or production of energy crops like willow

Point sourcesWWTP: Improved treatment over the period – mainly regarding NOther waste water initiative like scattered houses, storm waters – minor initiatives with only a limited effect in N and P load to the sea.

Situation 2021 – a forecast – reduction elements in agriculture. Application of manure – requirements for the amount of N usable for the plant production, e.g. 75 % of N in pig manure.

Ban of applying manure during autumn/winter Catch crops – mandatory 10/14% of the relevant area (only area with spring crops)

Catch crops implemented specifically to protect aquifers for drinking water Storage capacity – 9 months Afforestation Construction of “natural” wetlands – mainly for reducing P Constructed wetlands – small facilities treating drainage water form one drainage system. Both for N and P. Farming area taken out of production and used for e.g. infrastructure, new housing areas etc. Application rates for P One stone reef (test facility) Targeted regulation on catchment scale - regulation taking into account the requirements for nutrient reduction to a specific water body (mainly N to

marine areas) Ecological focus areas (greening) – set aside of 5 %. EU regulation. “Collective efforts” – voluntary efforts like wet lands. Baseline – effects of structural elements like increased organic farming, genetic development of crops or production of energy crops like willow

Point sources Other waste water initiative like scattered houses, storm waters – minor initiatives with only a limited effect on N and P load to the sea.

2021 - Elements increasing the N-load: Application rates set at economical optimum Tillage all the year Repeal of buffer strips Higher production in aqua culture

Estimated reduction in 2021:

The Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark (MEF) have launched an action plan for agriculture in late 2015. It is estimated by the ministry, that the actions in the plan will reduce the load of N to all Danish marine areas by app. 7000 ton N in 2021 compared to the load 2008-12. The effect of the action plan on P load has not been published/estimated.

Information from The Ministry of the Environment and Food

The Ministry of Environment and Food has in April 2018 provides supplementary andf more detailed information with some specific figures for measure taken untiol 2015 and effect of planned measures – this is compiled below.

Policy regulations affecting nitrate and phosphorus loads to the sea since 1985:

Regulation of nitrate

Year Measures and initiatives

The Nitrate, Phosphorus and Organic Matter Programme of Action 1985

Requirement of 6 months storage capacity of liquid manure, a prohibition against manure distribution during certain periods of the year, required preventive measures against leakage/discharges from stored liquid manure, sealing of liquid manure storage tanks, maximum limit of manure application per hectare (harmony regulations), need of environmetla approval for livestock farming with more than 120 units.

Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APAE) I 1987

Nitrate extraction at larger wastewater treatment plants and BAT requirement for larger industrial emissions, requirement of 9 months storage capacity of liquid manure, extension of time period with prohibition of manure distribution, requirement to bury manure within 12 hours after manure distribution, requirement of crop rotation and manure management program, requirement of agricultural green fields (winter cover crops)

Action Plan for Sustainable Agriculture 1991

Extension of time period with prohibition of manure distribution, mandatory manure and artificial fertilizer accounts, requirement of N standard specifications for crops, mandatory utilization of manure.

Wastewater Charge 1996 Entered into force January 1st 1997, nitrogen emissions fee

Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APAE) II 1998

Establishment of N wetlands, increased animal feed utilization, tightening of harmony regulations, advancement of organic farming, increased demands of manure utilization, reduction of crop standards (10% below fiscal optimum), 6% catch crops requirement, afforestation, designation of particularly sensitive agricultural land.

Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APAE) III 2004

Further demands of catch crops, cap on crop standards (reduction beyond the previous 10%), increase in wetland areas, afforestation, tightening of mink manure utilization policy, structural development in the agricultural sector.

The dedicated Aquatic Environment and Nature Preservation Initiative 2006 Wetlands with the accumulated effect of 600 tons nitrogen and 12 tons phosphorus.

Agreement on Green Economic Growth/ 1st generation River Basin Management Plans 2009-2015 2009

Mandatory requirement of marginal zones, additional 140.000 hectare catch crop, prohibition on soil processing in autumn, prohibition on reploughing grass fields in spring, increase in organic agricultural land, reduction of nitrogen emissions due to allocation of acreage to urban development and nature conservation, increase in wetland areas, positive side effects of waste water initiatives and designated Natura 2000 sites. Investigation of the nitrogen quota system from 2012.

Green Economic Growth 2.0 2010 Analysis in connection to investigation of a quota system.

Economic Growth Programme for Foods 2014Modification in terms of fewer mandatory marginal zones and amendment of the planned catch crop initiative to 60.000 hectare general catch crop. Became effective from 2015.

From 1990 to 2015 a 44% decrease in the overall nitrogen supply has been registered between land and coast in Denmark (rated by the standardized discharge supply). The decrease has mainly been in the first half of the period, while the development has leveled off after 2003, according to AU’s NOVANA report: Aquatic environment and Nature 2015, published in 2016 link .

In 2015 emissions from point sources signified 10% of the overall supply, while the rest originated form diffuse contributions, mainly from agricultural contribution.

The emission decrease is due to the above written regulations. Effects of each measure are not possible to evaluate separately.

According to the NOVANA report from 2015, the total emission from Denmark has been 55.000-61.000 tons N/year, throughout the years. According to the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP), appendix 1, the emission corresponds to the level in 2012 (average of the adjusted discharge load in the years 2010-2014) of 56.850 tons N from Denmark towards the coast.

Based on the same principles as mentioned above and according to the RBMP, the emission from Denmark to areas which are included by the HELCOM convention is 40.700 tons N towards the coast.

During the decrease in supply from land in 1990-2015, there has been a decrease in the atmospheric deposition (a 34% decrease on land areas in Denmark), according to AU’s NOVANA report: Aquatic environment and Nature 2015 link .

Regulation of phosphorus

http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR211.pdf


Year Measures and initiativesAction Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APAE) I

1987 Phosphorus extraction at larger wastewater treatment plants and BAT requirement for larger industrial emissions.

Wastewater Charge1996 Entered into force January 1st 1997, phosphorus emission fee

Initiative related to sparsely built-up areas

1997 Phosphorus cleanup of properties located in lake catchment areas lacking target fulfillment

Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APAE) III

2004 50% reduction of phosphorus surplus, phosphorus fee on animal feed, aim of 50.000 hectares marginal zones

The dedicated Aquatic Environment and Nature Preservation Initiative

2006 Wetlands with the accumulated effect of 600 tons nitrogen and 12 tons phosphorus.

1st generation River Basin Management Plans 2009-2015

2014 Establishment of phosphorus wetlands and waste water initiatives

Livestock Management Act 2017 Implementation of general phosphorus cap and tightening of cap in 2018

From 1990 to 2015 the total phosphorus supply has decreased 60% (rated by the standardized discharge supply) calculated for Denmark, according to AU’s NOVANA-rapport: Aquatic environment and Nature 2015, link .

The significant reductions are primarily due to the point source attribution (wastewater treatment plants etc.), as the point source contribution was almost 80% of the total emission in 1990, but is now reduced to approx. 30 %. The diffuse emission consists of various elements: a background contribution, a contribution from sparsely built-up areas and a contribution from agricultural production. There was no constant development in the diffuse contribution from 1989-2015.

The reduction in phosphorus surplus from agriculture is not immediately measured in the aquatic environment, because phosphorus primarily binds to the soil and is therefore only transported to surface waters under certain circumstances. However, the reduction in the surplus is important as it limits further accumulation in the soil, whereby the risk of “saturation” and the related eluviation to the aquatic environment is reduced.

According to NOVANA, the total standardized discharge phosphorus supply to Danish coastal areas is approx. 2.400 tons P.

In 2017, the Livestock Management Act was formally adopted. Consequently, the indirect limitation of phosphorus supply previously managed through harmony regulations and area conditions (according to individual licenses) was replaced by a new, general phosphorus regulation. Overall, the new, general phosphorus regulation is to maintain the current level of environmental protection until 2025, after which time a tightening of regulation will occur. Over time, phosphorus supply is expected to be more evenly distributed due to an imposed ceiling on phosphorus. The regulation is not expected to immediately reduce emissions to coastal areas, but over time it will reduce the risk of phosphorus emissions from buildup of phosphorus in soils.


Expected reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus emissions

Nitrogen reduction measures Expected reductions with comments are listed beneath

Year

Emissions to coast, HELCOM area Measures and initiatives

River Basin Management Plans 2015-2021, baseline effects 2015 4.400 tons N

Effects of current measures and general development, including development in ammonia deposition, development in crop yield, higher fraction of organic farming, reduction in agriculture acreage etc.

River Basin Management Plans,collective measures 2015 2.800 tons N

Establishment of wetlands, lowlands project, afforestation, mini-wetlands, acquisition of fish farms etc.

The Food and Agriculture Initiative,easing of restrictions 2015 -4.200 tons N

Lift of reduced standard specifications, lift of mandatory marginal zones, adjustment of prohibition on soil processing, agreement of aquaculture expansion etc.

Expansion of aquaculture in excess of FLP 2015 -800 - 0 tons N

Expansion of aquaculture in coastal waters not included by RBMP. Depending on location, expansion can increase N emissions in VOP coastal areas to a certain extent. Compensation will to some extent be necessary.

River Basin Management Plans,targeted regulation 2015 2.500 tons N

Targeted regulation of coastal water bodies, where initiatives are required.

In accordance with the River Basin Management Plans, the effect of current measures and general development (positive baseline effects), in regards to emissions to coastal areas 2012-2021, is expected to be in the magnitude of 5.600 tons N, please see AU report: Reevaluation of baseline link. The table above shows the estimated emissions to HELCOM waters.

In accordance with the River Basin Management Plans, the planned collective measures correspond to approx. 3.400 tons N to coastal areas. Please see the River Basin Management Plans 2015-2021, Appendix 1, link. Estimated emissions to HELCOM waters constitute approx. 2.800 tons N.

The following easing of restrictions, causing an increase in emissions to coastal waters, has been put into practice in accordance with the Food and Agriculture Initiative:

http://mst.dk/media/122170/revideret-jylland-fyn-d-28062016.pdf

http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR67.pdf

Lift of reduced standard specifications: approx. 4.700 tons N to coastal areas Agreement on Aquaculture: approx. 400 tons N to coastal areas Adjustment of prohibition on soil processing: approx. 40 tons N to coastal areas Lift of mandatory marginal zones: approx. 700 tons N

For further description please see the River Basin Management Plans 2015-2021, Appendix 1, link. Accumulated emissions to HELCOM waters constitute approx. 4.200 tons N.

The Agreement on Aquaculture allows for an increase in emissions from aquaculture of 800 tons N in coastal waters not included by the River Basin Management Plans. A potential increase in load is dependent on the location of aquaculture.

In accordance with the River Basin Management Plans, a targeted regulation of approx. 3.500 tons to coastal areas up to 2021 will be implemented. Please see the River Basin Management Plans 2015-2021, Appendix 1, link.

Phosphorus reduction measures

Expected reductions with comments are listed beneath

YearEmissions to coast, Denmark Measures and initiatives

River Basin Management Plans, collective measures, P wetlands 2015 5 tons P

Establishment of wetlands aimed at removing phosphorus upstream from lakes. Reduction in emission to coastal areas due to retention in lakes.

River Basin Management Plans, collective measures, acquisition of fish farms 2015 10 tons P

Acquisition of fish farms.

Agreement on Aquaculture within FLP/ RBMP areas 2015 -4,5 – -40 tons P

Increase of phosphorus load to coastal areas due to aquaculture expansion. FLP amounts to 400 tons N emissions to coastal area. Increase of P load is estimated to be 10% of the increase in N load. Increase in load from fish farms could diminish as a result of technological improvements.

Agreement on Aquaculture outside FLP/ RBMP areas 2015 -93 tons P

Expansion of aquaculture outside coastal areas. Is assumed to solely affect Inner Danish waters/ HELCOM waters.

The accumulated effects of the River Basin Management Plans have been estimated for Denmark. Accumulated effects exclusively for HELCOM waters have not been determined.



The Agreement on Aquaculture allows for expansion of aquaculture, which are not included in FLP/VOP. Expansion will solely impact Inner Danish waters (Kattegat) and as such HELCOM waters.

Estonia:

See enclosed spreadsheet

Water protection measuresEstonian main water protection measures are compiled into Programme of Measures (PoM) of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). RBMPs and PoM are prepared considering other programmes and plans that directly or indirectly influence the use and protection of water bodies (eg the risk management plan for flooding, operational plan for nitrate sensitive areas, the Baltic Sea Action Plan, and Marine Strategy). The objectives of RBMP and its PoM are generally targeted for achieving the good ecological and chemical status or ecological potential of waterbodies. To achieve a good status in a whole marine environment as well, a separate PoM is applied since 2016 as a part of marine strategy under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

Both PoMs are prepared based on the principle that the documents coherently complement each other, taking into account already established development plans and their implementation plans. A link has also made with HELCOM objectives and the the Baltic Sea Action Plan.

The main problems in the Baltic Sea marine environment, including in Estonian marine areas, are eutrophication and the pollution by hazardous substances. Primary sources for nutrient and contaminant loads originate from mainland and therefore majority of measures for their management are described in the RBMP PoM. However, Estonian marine strategy PoM includes new measures as well, additional to the already implemented and planned measures to reach the MSFD targets.

The first RBMP PoM (2009–2015) was targeted for five central objectives, however the implementation of these measures will continuously (diffuse pollution) or gradually (point sources pollution) continue during the current RBMP cycle:

1. renewal and reconstruction of drinking water supply systems, 2. reduce point source pollution (including the renewal of sewerage systems and waste water treatment plants, animal farms and manure

storages, and reclamation of polluted areas), 3. diffuse pollution limitation (incl melioration systems), 4. maintaining the quality and resources of groundwater, and 5. sanitation of surface water bodies (incl. establishing fish ladders and spawning grounds, removal of barriers etc).

The measures in the Baltic Sea Action Plan that are integrated to the Estonian RBMP PoM are as follows:• Nutrient balance calculations in agricultural farms;• Reduce diffuse nutrient pollution from agriculture by establishment of buffer zones with natural vegetation cover, sedimentation ponds onto melioration systems etc;• Over 2000 PE wastewater treatment plants N and P load reduction (review of the environmental permits and, where appropriate, establish additional conditions to bring water quality in the receiving water body to at least good status);• Under 2000 PE wastewater treatment plants N and P load reduction (review of the environmental conditions (permit) and, where appropriate, establish additional conditions (small agglomerations <2000 PE) in order to raise receiving water body status to at least good);• Proper wastewater collection or setting up sewage treatment plant to reduce nutrient in low density areas.

To reduce the point source pollution from wastewater treatment plants several measures in addition to reconstruction and other technical solutions are planned and implemented:

o legal requirements on the sewage treatment and effluents to the environment;o revision and renewal of environmental permits requirements;o guidances for the reconstruction and upgrading of wastewater treatment plants;o intensify the control and supervision over the emissions from industrial sewage.

Due to implementation of measures the reduction of pollution loads from Estonian point sources is quite impressive during last 20 years (1995-2015): BOD 6.6 times (from 4.48 th t/yr to 0.67 th t/yr), N-tot 3.4 times (from 3.5 th t/yr to 1.03 th t/yr) and P-tot 5.7 times (from 0.32 th t/yr to 0.06 th 7/yr):

Also due to implementation of measures 11(+1) Estonian point sources have been deleted from Helcom hot spot list during last decades.

Implementation of drinking water supply and sewerage system reconstruction measures has risen the amount of population connected to the public water supply and sewerage from 71% in 2002 to 82.8% in 2016. Due to scarce population density in Estonian rural areas this percentage probably will not significantly increase during next years.

The PoMs include also measures to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse loads, especially from agriculture as the main source (eg measures associated with arable land and livestock buildings, measures for amelioration systems etc). It is assessed that agricultural loads form 60% of the total diffuse N-load and 33% from the total diffuse P-load in Estonia. Technical measures for reconstruction and upgrading farms and manure storages are envisaged to manage agricultural point sources, regulation of diffuse sources are set already in legal acts and „Good Agricultural Practice“:

• establishment of water protection zones on waterbodies shore (1 or 10 m depending on water body, 20 m on the Baltic Sea and larger lakes), where only restricted activities are allowed; • ban on mineral N fertilizers use during winter period (incl dependent on ground slope), on vegetation period N-fertilizers usage (kg/ha) is regulated dependent on crops. With manure annual max allowable N amount is 170 kg/ha of arable land, for P 25 kg/ha of arable land;• technical requirements for manure and silage storage facilities (construction, volumes etc) and on keeping and use of manure and silage (time, amounts etc);

• it is allowed to keep up to 2 animal units as annual average per 1 hectare of agricultural land, if more, proper and sufficient manure storage capacities must be established.

To reduce the environmental impact by agricultural activities, a Rural Development Plan includes also different measures in the frames of EU Common Agricultural Policy in order to support environmentally sound farming and reduce nutrient loads to surface waters (eg establishment of sediment pounds in drainage system etc). Nitrogen leakage from fields, where environmental measures (eg crop rotation, green coverage in winter etc) are applied has assessed to be smaller compared to other fields without such measures (13.8 kg/ha and 20.6 kg/ha respectively during 2014-2015).

Appendix 1: Contracting Parties are requested to copy the table below, one for nitrogen and one for phosphorus, respectively per sub-basin.

Table 1A Reduction in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during 1995-2014 and before 1995. Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agricultures and points sources, and can inserted extra rows in the table as appropriated. Contracting Parties can insert both values for N and P in each row of the tables or make an individual table for the two nutrients. Under the table 1b some examples of individual measures.

Country: Estonia

Sub-basin: Per country

Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P during 1995-2014 2020 prediction

2025 prediction

2030 prediction

Comments:

e.g. when were the measures implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentioned

At source/ to inland water (tons/year)

Airborne input to the Baltic Sea (tons/year)

Waterborne input to the Baltic Sea (tons/year)

Agriculture NH3 Not available +887.5

(1995: 9864.5 t;

2015: 10572 t)

Not available 12.2607 kt 11.8586 kt 11.4565 kt NH3 airborne inputs have increased 9.3% (NH3 emissions from agricultural sector have increased by 887.5 t) since 1995 to 2015.

Agriculture NOx Not available +773.98(1995: 809.4;2015: 1583.4)

1.03297 kt 1.00057 kt 0.96817 kt NOx airborne inputs have increased 95,6 % (NOx emissions from agricultural sector have increased by 774 t) since 1995 to 2015

Agriculture Not availableForestry Not available

Scattered dwelling Not available

Storm-waters Not available Loads depend on the annual amount of precipitation. Older data are not available, therefore

reduction can’t be assessed adequately.

WWTP, industry N-tot: -2470 t

(1995: 3500 t;

2015: 1030 t)

P-tot: -260 t

(1995: 230 t;

2015: 60 t)

All point sources together, includes inland and marine inputs as a sum

Aquaculture Not available

Other

Table 1B Expected reductions in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) from 2015 onwards as a result of

1) measures already taken within the sector before 2015 and

2) measures planned

Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agricultures and points sources, and can inserted extra rows in the table. Contracting Parties can insert both values for N and P in each row of the tables or make an individual table for the two nutrients. Under the table some examples of individual measures.

Country:______________

Sub-basin:____________

Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of

Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards Comments:

e.g. when were the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. You can repeat e.g. agriculture if there are effects of agricultural measures already taken on inputs from 2015 and onwards, and there are expect effects of planned

At source/or to inland water (tons/year)



CP to Baltic Sea agricultural measures on inputs from 2015 and onwards. Important individual measures could also be mentioned

Agriculture

Forestry

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters

WWTP, industry

Aquaculture

Other (specify)

Further comments e.g. as retention in catchment, delay from implementing measure until the expected reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to the Baltic Sea are obtained (or when are the potential reduction in nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea of an implementation measure obtained).

Finland (only an example)

Table. Phosphorus and nitrogen load reduction targets and expected sector wise and total reductions when measures in accordance with WFD + several additional new measures in national implementation plan of MSFD have been included are implemented. New measures is a sum of seven different type of measures.

Sub-basin: The Gulf of Finland

Reduction target (tonnes)

Sum of WFD+NM* Expected reductions when measures in accordance with WFD are implemented (tons/year)

New measures (NM)

Agriculture Forestry

Scattered dwellings

Point source loading

Storm waters Sum*

Phosphorus 170 105 38 1 12 6 ** 50

Nitrogen 3000 2090 262 8 24 771 ** 1020*Rounded by 5

**Not estimated

NTOT (tons/y)

Country: FINLAND

Reduction during 1995-2014 Reduction expected from 2015 and onwards

Comments:

Sub-basin: ARC

e.g. when was the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentioned


At source/ to inland water

Waterborne input to the Baltic Sea


At source/ or to inland water



Agriculture 212

Forestry 4

Scattered dwelling 11

Storm-waters 1

WWTP, industry 74 582 97 (all point sources)

Aquaculture 255

Other (specify) 61 - 329Sum of several measures (min, max) MSFD PoMs

NTOT

Country: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: BOB









Agriculture 333

Forestry 24


Storm-waters 2

WWTP, industry -359 -243 312 (all point sources)

Aquaculture 87 36

Other (specify) 35 - 87Sum of several measures (min, max) MSFD PoMs

NTOT

Country: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: BOS









Agriculture 464 BOS + QUARK (WFD)

Forestry 13 "

Scattered dwelling 20 "

Storm-waters 3 "

WWTP, industry 24 317 347 (all point sources) "

Aquaculture 11 75

Other (specify) 28 - 141

Sum of several measures (min, max) MSFD PoMs, BOS + QUARK

NTOT

Country: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: GUF









Agriculture 262

Forestry 8


Storm-waters


Aquaculture 45 80

Other (specify) 23 - 505

Sum of several measures (min, max) MSFD PoMs, BOS + QUARK

PTOT

Country: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: ARC









Agriculture 31 Forestry 0 Scattered dwelling 3 Storm-waters

WWTP, industry 317

1 (all point sources)

Aquaculture 44

Other (specify) 29 - 45 Sum of several measures (min, max) MSFD PoMs

PTOTCountry: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: BOB











Aquaculture 12 4


PTOTCountry: FINLAND Reduction during 1995-2014 Reduction expected from 2015 and Comments:

onwardsSub-basin: BOS









Agriculture 39 BOS + QUARK (WFD)Forestry 1 "Scattered dwelling 8 "Storm-waters WWTP, industry 23,8 28 6 "Aquaculture 2 11


PTOTCountry: FINLAND


Comments:

Sub-basin: GUF











Aquaculture 8 11


Germany

Results from our catchment modelling for the Baltic Sea Basins WEB and BAP and also for the river basins based on comparing model results for the time periods 1993-1995 with 2012-2014

Please note:

Because of new available input data and continuous model enhancement (adjustment of modelling approaches for several pathways) predictions based on the comparison for different time periods are limited. As one example emissions via storm sewer overflows increased obviously in 2012-2014 compared to 1993-1995. But using an actual and more detailed dataset evaluated sealed surfaces within urban areas increased which forces an increase of calculated emissions. The actual results are assumed to be more feasible.

NITROGEN Reduction (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during, and expect effect from 2015 onwards of the already taken measures or planned measures on nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. The Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agriculture and points sources, and extra rows can be inserted in the table. After the table are some examples of individual measures.

Country: GermanySub-basin: WEBPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995-2014*

Comments:e.g. when was the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentionedAt source/ to

inland waterWaterborne input to the Baltic Sea

Agriculture 2.700 t/y including the following pass ways: erosion, tile drainage, groundwater, surface runoff

Forestry none Not calculated separately

Scattered dwelling 150 t/y Waste water treatment using individual systems (p.e. not connected to sewer system nor to UWWTP (> 50

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p.e.) and connected to sewer system but not to UWWTP)

Storm-waters (combined wastewater overflow)

20 t/y

Storm waters (storm sewer overflow)

+ 210 t/y

WWTP, industry 4100 t/y

Aquaculture none Not calculated

Atmospheric deposition (to inland water surface)

100 t/y

rounded*modelling results (MoRE – Modelling of Regionalized Emissions) comparison between mean values of input periods 1993-1995 and 2012 -2014; without

retention

27


Country: GermanySub-basin: BAPPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea




Agriculture + 520 t/y including the following pass ways: erosion, tile drainage, groundwater, surface runoff


Scattered dwelling 120 t/y Waste water treatment using individual systems (p.e. not connected to sewer system nor to UWWTP (> 50 p.e.) and connected to sewer system but not to UWWTP)


8 t/y

Storm-waters (storm sewer overflow)

+ 80 t/y

WWTP, industry 1.100 t/y


28


125 t/y

rounded**modelling results (MoRE – Modelling of Regionalized Emissions) comparison between mean values of input periods 1993-1995 and 2012 -2014; without retention

29


Country: GermanySub-basin: Schlei/TravePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea




Agriculture 2.100 t/y including the following pass ways: erosion, tile drainage, groundwater, surface runoff




9 t/y


+ 140 t/y



30


60 t/y


retention

31


Country: GermanySub-basin: Warnow/PeenePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea




Agriculture 70 t/y including the following pass ways: erosion, tile drainage, groundwater, surface runoff




20 t/y


+ 150 t/y



32


160 t/y


retention

33

PHOSPHORUS Reduction (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during, and expect effect from 2015 onwards of the already taken measures or planned measures on nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. The Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agriculture and points sources, and extra rows can be inserted in the table. After the table are some examples of individual measures.

Country: GermanySub-basin: WEBPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995-2011**







5 t/y


+ 36 t/y



34


none**


retention** did not change modelled – because we used the same input data for calculation

35


Country: GermanySub-basin: BAPPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea








2 t/y


+ 16 t/y



36


none**


retention** did not change modelled – because we used the same input data for calculation

37


Country: GermanySub-basin: Warnow/PeenePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea








5 t/y


+ 30 t/y


38



none**


retention**did not change modelled – because we used the same input data for calculation

39


Country: GermanySub-basin: Schlei/TravePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995-2014**







2 t/y


+ 20 t/y


40



none**


retention**did not change modelled – because we used the same input data for calculation

Information on expected reductions from 2015 onwards

Such information is contained in the River Basin Management Plans but it can only be provided at the river basin level and not for the basins BAP and WEB; Furthermore the information is rarely available per pathway

Country:______________Warnow-PeenePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards Details on planned measures (see example list below)

At source/or to inland water


Agriculture Reduction of 13000 t N/a (30%) by N-surplus in agriculture is expected,Reduction of N inputs

Reduction of N inputs between 10-15% and of P inputs between 5-10% (but 10-15 years required for these reductions to become effective due to long

Revision of the national fertilizer ordinance (refers to the correct use of fertilizer in agriculture)

Consultations for farmers Improvements in tillage Riparian strips

41

to inland water between 10-15% is expected

groundwater transit times) Organic farming Improved fertilizer management Crop rotation Catch Crops Increase of storage capacities for manure Drainage management

Forestry

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters New treatment plants for stormwaters or improvements of existing treatment plants

WWTP, industry Improvements in sewage treatment, optimization of sewage treatment plants

Connecting settlements to sewage treatment

Aquaculture

Other (specify) Sediment management in rivers Reestablishment of wetlands

Overall Extension of timescales for the achievement of good status in coastal waters to 2027

Source of information: River Basin Management Plan Schlei-Trave, 2nd WFD cycle 2016-2021 (Bewirtschaftungsplan (gem. Art. 13 EG-WRRL bzw. § 83 WHG) FGE Schlei/Trave, 2. Bewirtschaftungszeitraum 2016 – 2021); https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/W/wasserrahmenrichtlinie/bwpMassnSchleiTrave.html

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https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/W/wasserrahmenrichtlinie/bwpMassnSchleiTrave.html

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Fachinhalte/W/wasserrahmenrichtlinie/bwpMassnSchleiTrave.html

Country:______________Schlei-TravePlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards Details on planned measures (see example list below)



Agriculture By 2021 through implementation of the measures expected reduction :613 tonnes N (assuming 9% reduction river freight)2,25 tonnes P (assuming 1% reduction river freight)

Reduction of N inputs between 15-20% and of P inputs between 5-10% (but 10-15 years required for these reductions to become effective due to long groundwater transit times)

Revision of the national fertilizer ordinance (refers to the correct use of fertilizer in agriculture)

Measures to reduce nutrient losses in fertilization and tillage

Extensification of agricultural use Riparian strips Consultation for farmers

Forestry

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters

WWTP, Storm-waters By 2021 through implementation of the measures expected

Optimization of treatment plant operation Individual measures to sewage and stormwater

43

reduction :68 tonnes N (assuming 1% reduction river freight)1,1 tonnes P (assuming 0,5% reduction river freight)

owerflows

Aquaculture

Other (specify) By 2021 through implementation of the measures expected reduction :68 tonnes N (assuming 1% reduction river freight)1,1 tonnes P (assuming 0,5% reduction river freight)

Rewetting of wetlands (fens) Increasing the retention effect of rivers through

measures to improving hydromorphological shape of the water body

Overall 2.180 tonnes N (32% reduction river freight) 9 tonnes P (4% reduction river freight)Until 2021 N can be reduced by 11% and P by 2%Extension of timescales for the achievement of good status in coastal waters to 2027On average between 15 to 55% of reduction of N and P are required depending on the planning unit

44

Until 2021 nitrogen inputs can be reduced by 6% and phosphorus inputs by 3% (related to nutrient inputs of 2009-2013)Extension of timescales for the achievement of good status in coastal waters to 2027

Source of information: River Basin Management Plan Warnow-Peene, 2nd WFD cycle 2016-2021 (Aktualisierung des Bewirtschaftungsplans nach § 83 WHG bzw. Artikel 13 der Richtlinie 2000/60/EG für die Flussgebietseinheit Warnow/Peene für den Zeitraum von 2016 bis 2021); http://www.wasserblick.net/servlet/is/158312/2015_BP_Warnow_Peene.pdf?command=downloadContent&filename=2015_BP_Warnow_Peene.pdf

Airborne nitrogen inputs

We assume that this data could be taken from the EMEP assessments (by SNAP-sectors). For airborne nutrient inputs the sources that are mentioned in the table do not make sense.

Country:______________Sub-basin:____________Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P during 1995-2014 Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentionedAirborne input to the Baltic Sea

Agriculture

Forestry

45

http://www.wasserblick.net/servlet/is/158312/2015_BP_Warnow_Peene.pdf?command=downloadContent&filename=2015_BP_Warnow_Peene.pdf

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters

WWTP, industry

Aquaculture

Other (specify)

Potentially this information could be drawn from a prognosis of the effects of Gothenburg Protocol and the new NERC Directive, but not for the Baltic Sea basins and only per country


Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. You can repeat e.g. agriculture if there are effects of agricultural measures already taken on inputs from 2015 and onwards, and there are expect effects of planned agricultural measures on inputs from 2015 and onwards. Important individual measures could also be mentioned

Airborne input to the Baltic Sea

Agriculture

Forestry

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters

WWTP, industry

46

Aquaculture

Other (specify)

47

Latvia

Latvia has reported the information marked with yellow. But bu 15 May 2018 Ilga Kokorite send to following message:

“Dear Lars and Seppo

We have checked the expected reduction figures and we agree that it is not realistic to reach so high load reductions from point sources. Currently, there is no reliable methods how to quantify the expected load reductions in future and how to estimate the retention figures from different sources in Latvian sub-catchments. Since we need major improvements in methodology, I would like to ask you to exclude the previously reported numbers on the expected reductions from further analysis. I’m also sorry for any inconvenience this has caused. Best wishes, Ilga “

Table 1A. Reduction in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during 1995-2014

Nitrogen reduction:

Country: LATVIASub-basin: GULF OF RIGAPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995-2014 Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentionedAt source/

to inland water



Agriculture; Regulation on methods to apply manure and when to apply it; Reducing fertilizer and manure application pr. ha – application standards pr. ha (for different crops)

138,8 t/y Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin management planning period (2010 – 2015). There is no information about measures implemented before 2010.

Agriculture; Construction of manure 28 t/y Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin

48

storage management planning period (2010 – 2015). There is no information about measures implemented before 2010.

Agriculture; Buffer strips, riparian areas around surface waters; Green fields (winter crops), collection crops


Forestry; Buffer strips, riparian areas around surface waters


WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency 47,22 t/y Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin management planning period (2010 – 2015). There is no information about measures implemented before 2010.

Further comments e.g. as retention in catchment, delay from implementing measure until the expected reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to the Baltic Sea are obtained (or when are the potential reduction in nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea of a implementation measure obtained)

Nitrogen retention in catchment: 42,6 %

49

Phosphorus reduction:



to inland water




4.94 t/y Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin management planning period (2010 – 2015). There is no information about measures implemented before 2010.

Agriculture; Construction of manure storage






WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency 7,72 t/y Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin management planning period (2010 – 2015). There is no information about measures implemented before

50

2010.

Phosphorus retention in catchment: 45,3 %

51

Nitrogen reduction:

Country: LATVIASub-basin: GULF OF FINLANDPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea


to inland water








52

Phospohorus reduction:



to inland water








53

Nitrogen reduction:

Country: LATVIASub-basin: BALTIC PROPER Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea


to inland water











54


55




to inland water











BALTIC PROPER (from LV to LT)

No measures were implemented and no measures are planned to implement.Nitrogen retention in catchment: 36,4 %

56

Phosphorus retention in catchment: 36,5%

57

Table 1B Expected reductions in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) from 2015 onwards Nitrogen reduction:


Reduction expected from 2015 and onwards Comments: e.g. when were the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. You can repeat e.g. agriculture if there are effects of agricultural measures already taken on inputs from 2015 and onwards, and there are expect effects of planned agricultural measures on inputs from 2015 and onwards. Important individual measures could also be mentioned





Not calculated

Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 this kind of measure is expected to be implemented, but the reduction was not calculated, because this measure will be implemented in the whole country (Latvia).


No such measures planned

Not calculated Not calculated Measures were implemented during 1st River basin management planning period (2010 – 2015).


797,7 t/y Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 it is expected measures to be implemented by 2021



Not calculated Not calculated

WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency 3455,4 t/y Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 it is expected measures to be implemented by

58

2021


59








Not calculated










WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency 733,8 t/y Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 it is expected measures to be implemented by 2021

60



61

Nitrogen reduction:








Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 no such measures are planned because no significant diffuse pollution impacts were t identified at the waterbody level.

WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency No such measures planned

Not calculated Not calculated After 2015 no such measures are planned because no significant diffuse pollution impacts were identified at the waterbody level.



62









Not calculated Not calculated No such measures are planned because no significant diffuse pollution impacts were identified at the waterbody level.

WWTP; Improved WWTP efficiency No such measures planned

Not calculated Not calculated No such measures are planned because no significant diffuse pollution impacts were identified at the waterbody level.



63

Nitrogen reduction:







Not calculated









64


65








Not calculated









66

BALTIC PROPER (from LV to LT)

No measures were implemented and no measures are planned to implement.Nitrogen retention in catchment: 36,4 %Phosphorus retention in catchment: 36,5%

67

Lithuania



Comments:e.g. when was the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentioned







Agriculture Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Main mandatory requirements under the Lithuanian laws regulating the water sector and the EU directives are: construction of manure storage facilities, fertilization plans for manures, crop rotation, protection zones and strips of surface water bodies (regulations on spreading of manure in certain distances; fertilization amounts of nutrients per hectare, Establishing cemetery, dumping grounds; Building of factories, storehouses of chemicals, fertilizers and etc.; In certain distances building of any new houses, summer houses, farms and etc.; Use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals; Tillage, animal grazing, removing of turf; Cutting protected species of trees and bushes Establishing resorts, parking cars and etc.).

In the updated River Basin District Management Plans there are new

69

measures proposed. One group of measures there are to reduce leaching nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture lands, such as requirements to reduce leaching from agriculture imposing mandatory requirements for growing catch crops, legumes and perennial grasses.

Engineering environmental measures (installation of ponds in drainage canals, installation of wetlands) are foreseen where mandatory measures are not enough to reach good status. Creation of compensation scheme for farming which could implement such measures.

Another one group of measures of agriculture there are to collect data about using of mineral fertilizes, to create methodology of preparation of fertilizes plans and to set requirements for mandatory fertilization plans for farms working in > 50 ha arable land; until now such plans was required only for farms with livestock.

Forestry Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Afforestation is the one measure we have. However there are no data about its pollution reduction effect.

Scattered dwelling N – 3142 t/aP- 706 t/a

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Past reduction is calculated between years 2002 and 2013. Connection rate increased between these years from 57 to 75 % population.

70

Storm-waters Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Main measure was renovation of small part of storm water connection systems. However, no large scale measures were implemented to have substantial pollution reductions.

WWTP, industry N – 5831 t/aP- 1043 t/a

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Past reduction is calculated between years 1995 and 2013.

Main measure was waste water treatment plant reconstruction, where was needed to reach good status of water bodies and where these water bodies were affected by point sources.

Aquaculture Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

There is monitoring and control of emissions from fish farms. Based on emission permits are required to keep they pollution low. However, no specific measures are implemented to lower additionally the pollution coming from aquaculture industry.

Other (specify)

to 07-04-2016 16:32

[email protected]

Dear colleagues,

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mailto:[email protected]

With this letter I (the Lithuanian Pressure group representative) would like to ask you for some assistance. My intention to contact the Pressure group is related to currently still ongoing rather heated discussions on several water status improvement measures, which might be included into the River basin management plans under Directive 2000/60/EC (plans not adopted yet). My main question would be if a particular Party has got any practical experience in applying the following measures:

1. Restoration of lakes or any other natural water bodies by using the method of chemical precipitation/inactivation of excessive phosphorus (using polyaluminium chloride, polyaluminium sulphate or any other relevant compound as a flocculant/coagulant)?2. Restoration of lakes by using biomanipulation methods (especially introduction of relevant fish species to improve water quality); 3. The so-called "soft" renaturalization of straightened rivers by using natural materials (wood, stone), managing bank vegetation, but not applying heavy machinery to physically alter river banks etc. The aim is to create more diverse habitats with higher biodiversity and by this improve the status of a water body, but at the same time not to inundate/harm the agricultural drainage systems and avoid conflict with agriculture.

If certain Parties have relevant experience at any single subject from the above-listed ones, I would be very grateful if they could provide me with any relevant information and contact details of governmental institutions (contact persons) or scientists whom we could contact for further information. We are planning a discussion/experience exchange seminar by the end of June, where those measures could be discussed with the public/interested parties, successful/unsuccessful examples would be exchanged etc. In view of this, we consider inviting some experienced persons from other countries where relevant experience exists, for sharing it with us.

Due to the urgency of current national discussions, I would appreciate it very much if any of the above-mentioned information, if available and possible, is provided by the 15th of April.

Kind regards,

Mindaugas Gudas

72

Poland: - updated May 2017

Country: PolandSub-basin: BAPPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 2000- 2012 Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards

Comments:

At source/or to inland water (tons/year)



At source/ to inland water (tons/year)



Agriculture Data not available

Data not available

12607 t N3386 t P

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Past reduction values based on PLC-4,PLC-5, PLC-6.

Forestry Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Scattered dwelling Data not available

Data not available

18283 t N Data not available

Data not available

Data not available


Storm-waters Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

WWTP, industry WWTP: 12847 N2244 P, INDRY: 343 P

Data not available

Data not available

1200-1900 t N160- 270 t P

Data not available

Data not available

Expected reductions as a result of The National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment ( 2015- 2020).


Aquaculture Data not Data not Data not Data not Data not Data not

73

available available available available available available

Natural Background Data not available

Data not available

14688 t N566 t N

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available


Atmospheric deposition(2006-2012)

Data not available

1574 t N24 t P

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Past reduction is calculated between years 2006-2012.


Direct Point Sources (2006-2012)

376 t N36 t P

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Past reduction is calculated between years 2006-2012.


74

Polish update medio Sept. 2017:

Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agricultures and points sources, and can inserted extra rows in the table. Contracting Parties can insert both values for N and P in each row of the tables or make an individual table for the two nutrients. Under the table some examples of individual measures.

Country: PolandSub-basin: Baltic ProperPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. You can repeat e.g. agriculture if there are effects of agricultural measures already taken on inputs from 2015 and onwards, and there are expect effects of planned agricultural measures on inputs from 2015 and onwards. Important individual measures could also be mentioned




Agriculture Measures included in National Marine Water Protection Programme (actions planned to implement):- Ensuring the conditions for the safe storage of natural fertilizers (amendments in Water Law- July 2017);- Increasing the amount of land covered by fertilization plans (amendments in Water Law- July 2017);- Countering surface water erosion at the interface between fields and inland waters;- Continue and strengthen the thread of water protection in the agricultural advisory, including the development and promotion of the Code of Good Agricultural Practice

Forestry

Scattered dwelling

Storm-waters Measures included in National Marine Water Protection

75

Programme (actions planned to implement):-Diagnosis of technical and economic feasibility of limiting the nutrient load discharged from the great agglomerations by drainage system; (Storm Water Quality Monitoring Programme for 7 big cittys in Poland, Elaboration Strategy for rational storm water management for 7 big cittys)

- Education and information campaign for the rational management of rainwater;

WWTP, industry The National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment – data based on 2016 year:

Nitrogen*–88,3% reduction (agglomerations with nutrients monitoring systems obtains about 141930 Mg N per year, when about 16566 Mg N enters the surface water ).

Phosphorus* –88,9% reduction

Measures included in National Marine Water Protection Programme (actions planned to implement):

-Evaluation of technical and economic feasibility of increasing the nitrogen reduction at selected wastewater treatment plants of the chemical industry;- Increasing requirements for phosphorus removal in wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plants;-Plans for establishing 99 new MWWTP till 2021 and modernisation about 721 of existing MWWTP (The National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment )

76

(agglomerations with nutrients monitoring systems obtains about 20098 Mg P per year, when about 2239 Mg enters the surface water).

*- Assuming that quantity of Ptot and Ntot in treated sewage without extra removal is same as in raw sewage – real nutrients reduction is higher than presented.

Aquaculture

Other (specify)


77

Russia

Appendix 1: Contracting Parties are requested to copy the table below, one for nitrogen and one for phosphorus, respectively per sub-basin.

Table 1A Reduction in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during 1995-2014 and before 1995. Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agricultures and points sources, and can inserted extra rows in the table as appropriated. Contracting Parties can insert both values for N and P in each row of the tables or make an individual table for the two nutrients. Under the table 1b some examples of individual measures.

Country:___Russia_______Sub-basin:___Gulf of FinlandPlease indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P during 1995-2014 Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentioned




AgricultureForestryScattered dwellingStorm-watersWWTP, industry N reduction =

4 095 t/aP reduction = 2 735 t/a

N reduction = 4 095 t/aP reduction = 2 735 t/a

Measures implemented by the Vodokanal of Saint-Petersburg (starting from 1987), measures located near the seaside

Aquaculture79

Other (specify)

Table 1B Expected reductions in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (in tons/y) from 2015 onwards as a result of

1) measures already taken within the sector before 2015 and 2) measures planned Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agricultures and points sources, and can inserted extra rows in the table. Contracting Parties can insert both values for N and P in each row of the tables or make an individual table for the two nutrients. Under the table some examples of individual measures.

Country:____Russia______Sub-basin:__GoF________Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction in N and P expected from 2015 and onwards

Comments:e.g. when were the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. You can repeat e.g. agriculture if there are effects of agricultural measures already taken on inputs from 2015 and onwards, and there are expect effects of planned agricultural measures on inputs from 2015 and onwards. Important individual measures could also be mentioned




AgricultureForestryScattered dwellingStorm-watersWWTP, industry N reduction = N reduction = Reductions expected as result of

80

2 686 t/aP reduction = 530 t/a

2 261 t/aP reduction = 299 t/a

implementation regional programmes in St. Petersburg, Leningrad oblast and Karelia within state programme “Clean water” - very rough estimate

AquacultureOther (specify)


Additional information for the evaluation of the effect of measures taken on nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to the Baltic Sea. Reduction achieved as a result of measures taken in wastewater sector in Kaliningrad region.

Reduction (in tons/y) during 1995-2014 as a result of measures taken within the sector during, and expect effect from 2015 onwards of the already taken measures or planned measures on nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. The Contracting Parties are invited to report individual measures e.g. for agriculture and points sources, and extra rows can be inserted in the table. After the table are some examples of individual measures.

Country:__RUSSIA___Sub-basin:__BAP__Please indicated if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995*-2014 Reduction expected from 2015*and onwards

Comments:e.g. when was the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. Further the important individual measures





81

could be mentionedN P N** P** N P N*** P***

Reconstruction and expansion of WWTP in Kaliningrad region (Baltiysk, Sovetsk)

121,5 48,1 100,6 44,8 Measures were implemented:In 2011 for Baltiysk WWTPIn 2013 for Sovetsk WWTP

Construction/reconstruction and modernization of WWTP in Kaliningrad region (including Kaliningrad city WWTP)

954,7 213,4 922,9 200,2 Main measures were implemented:In 2016 for united WWTPs of coastal citiesIn 2016 for Gusev WWTPIn 2015 for Chernyahovsk WWTPIn 2015 for Kaliningrad city WWTPIn 2016 for Mamonovo WWTPIn 2016 for Neman city WWTP

Further comments * - loads in 2006 have been used as reference values for calculation nutrient loads reduction.** - retention in Neman river for Sovetsk WWTP loads reduction has been excluded. The RusNIP II and PLC-6 Guideline recommended values were used for calculating nutrients retention.*** - retention in the Pregolya river for Gusev nd Chernyahovsk WWTP loads reductions and in the Neman river for Neman WWTP loads reductions have been excluded. Retention values from PLC-6 Guideline have been used.

82

https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer6400/978-91-620-6645-1.pdf?pid=14264

Sweden:

Sept.2016

we have looked through the questionnaire on measures again and since none of us will attend the upcoming PLC-6-meeting we send some comments to the status of compiling data.

Information on effect of taken measures is generally difficult to present, since we lack a common system for collecting, storing and visualizing this data, although we are working on it.

We are considering comparing the load figures from PLC4 (1995), and through the source apportionment back-calculating the effect of measures during this period. We have these figures readily available. However, as we have changed methodology (model system and indata) the results are not easily comparable. Moreover, the load in the different calculations have been normalized based on different periods, further complicating the possibility to compare data. We are considering a project to back-calculate data using the most recent techniques which hopefully will spread some light on this issue. If other contracting parties have similar issues, perhaps we can agree a common approach. Whichever approach is taken, we fear that it will not be possible to deliver a scientifically robust assessment in time for the PLC-6-report.

83

Country: Sweden (SE)Sub-basin: Per countryPlease indicate if information is provided for the whole drainage area of CP to Baltic Sea

Reduction during 1995-2014 Reduction expected from 2015 and onwards1 Comments:e.g. when was the measures implemented/are they expected implemented. Further the important individual measures could be mentioned







Agriculture From http://emep.int/publ/reports/1997/EMEP_1997_R1_p1.pdf, SE released 61 000 tonnes NHx-N in 1995. According to http://emep.int/publ/helcom/2015/Chapter3_nitrogen.pdf, in 2013, losses were 43 000 tonnes NHx-N. Reduction = 18 000 tonnes NHx-N

424,9 tonnes P 297 tonnes P Proposal includes 676 806 ha measures in agricultural land + 1 230 km two stage ditches + 6 900 tonnes manure (improved manure application).

Forestry

Scattered dwelling 88,81 tonnes P 62 tonnes P (assuming 30% retention)

363 632 dwellings identified as needing improved sewerage.

Storm-waters 17 tonnes P 12 tonnes P (assuming 30% retention)

84

http://emep.int/publ/helcom/2015/Chapter3_nitrogen.pdf



http://emep.int/publ/reports/1997/EMEP_1997_R1_p1.pdf



WWTP, industry 1. Program for installing nitrogen removal in coastal mwwtps in the 1990:s (ca 70 mwwtps in KAT and BAP catchments,) to satisfy EU UWWT Directive. Tertiary treatment with nitrogen removal increased from ca.30 % to 70 % between 1990-2012. The degree of purification is still gradually improving.

2. An update of Regulation SNFS 1994:7 in 1998 which require increased N reduction for mwwtps > 100 000pe. The measure was estimated to reduce N load by 2000 ton N/yr at site.

1. The program was estimated to reduce discharges from mwwtps > 10 000 pe (to KAT, BAP) from 19 000 tons N/yr (in 1995) to 14000 ton/yr, i.e. a reduction of 7 000 ton/yr.

2. The measure was estimated to reduce N load to KAT and BAP by almost 2000 ton/yr, since most mwwtps are situated at or near the coast.

3. Calculated reduction was ca.50 tons P/y from small-scale treatment

From http://emep.int/publ/reports/1997/EMEP_1997_R1_p1.pdf, SE released 362 000 tonnes NOx-N 1995. According to http://emep.int/publ/helcom/2015/Chapter3_nitrogen.pdf, SE released 38 000 tonnes NOx-N 2013. Reduction = 324 000 tonnes NOx-N

89 tonnes P 60 tonnes P (assuming 30% retention)

86







3. P-free detergents, 2011. The measure was estimated to reduce N loads by 2000 ton/yr at site.

4. The Environmental Code in 1999 created a regulatory framework covering all forms of impact on environment, enforcement and permits depending for example on locations of the facilities. Energy efficient measures are taken due to the Code.

5. BAT/BREF

facilities. For the bigger mwwtps the calculated effect was rather reduction of the chemical coagulant

4. It´s difficult to quantify the effects, but the Code is used a frequently (also in the WFD-programs).

5. For example the pulp and paper industry and the iron & steel industry are important in Sweden when it comes to N and P discharges. The industry is adjusting to the recently updated BAT conclusions

87

(2014 and 2012).

Aquaculture

Other (specify)

1Estimates of future load reductions are based on the consultation versions of the River Basin Management Authorities’ Programmes of Measures 2015-2021. These have since been revised. The latest values, showing the expected impact on loads to the sea, are presented below. Please note that the River Basin Management Plans have not yet been adopted on a national level and hence have not yet been reported to the European Commission.

Reduction of phosphorous load (tonnes / yr)

Reduction of nitrogen load (tonnes / yr)

2015 - 2021

2015 - 2027

2015 - 2021

2015 – 2027

Bothnian Bay

10 10 8 21

Bothnian Sea

28 30 230 280

Baltic Proper

206 236 1050 1800

The Sound 31 35 730 850

Kattegat 85 96 1400 2000

[Skagerrak]

31 32 130 190

Summa (excluding Skagerrak)

360 407 3418 4951

88