hel: transition from oe written old english. hel: transition from oe presence of norse increases...
TRANSCRIPT
HEL: TRANSITION FROM OE
Written Old English
HEL: TRANSITION FROM OE
• Presence of Norse increases grammatical confusion in the spoken language
• But not significantly in the written language
Written Old English
website
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
Confusion of the endings –an, -on, -en, -um
Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive
I want to ride home on that horse
Wé ridon tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood
Ic wille, þæt gé hám ríden – present subjunctive
I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride ...)
Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geriden - past participle
We have ridden the horse hard
Wé ridon on hwítum horsum - dative plural
We rode on white horses
website
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive
I want to ride home on that horse
Wé ridan tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood
Ic wille, þæt gé hám rídan – present subjunctive
I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride ...)
Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geridan - past participle
We have ridden the horse hard
Wé ridan on hwítan horsan - dative plural
We rode on white horses
website
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
Written Old English
1053On þisum geare wæs se cyning on Winceastre on Eastran
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
Translation of this and the next slides can be found at http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/11/texts/thisyear.html
1081On þisum geare se cyng lædde fyrde in to Weala
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
1096On þison geare heold se cyng Wilelm his hired to Xpes mæssan on Windlesoran
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
1122On þis geare wæs se king Heanri on Cristes mæssan on Northwic
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
1137Ðis gear for þe king Stephne ofer sæ to Normandi
Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period
From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
NORSE LOANWORDS
Written Old EnglishWritten Old and Middle English
NORSE LOANWORDS
Old Norse loanwords begin to enter the spoken language
Old Norse loanwords begin to enter the written language
Written Old and Middle English
NORSE LOANWORDS
spoken written
Why the difference?
What had happened in the meantime?
The French had arrived!
next