7 AD-AII4 323 NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CA F/6 11/8WASTE-OIL BOILER FIRING DEMONSTRATION AT NAS MIRAMAR, SAN DIEGO--ETC(U)JAN A2 T T FU, R S CHAPLER

UNCLASSIFIED NLEllllllhl...-m_-.

HE~l 1

r TN NO: N-1618

TITLE: WASTE-OIL BOILER FIRING DEMONSTRATION

,E AT NAS MIRAMAR, SAN DIEGO, CALIF.

AUTHOR: T. T. Fu and R. S. Chapler

SDATE: January 1982

SPONSOR: Chief of Naval Material

SIIPROGRAM NO: Z0350-01-311

. NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORb.. , -* C PORT HUENEME, CALIFORNIA 93043 PC"

Approved for public release, distibution unlimited. 1LECTELUJ MA 10 SO1

-JS

C-3 82FEt

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE PEFORE COMPLETING FORMIREPORT NIIMRFR 12 GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3 RECIPIENTS$ CATALOG NUMBER

TN-1618 DN6870674TITLE (1-11 51b-1 5TYEOFRPOT ERODCEE

WASTE-OIL BOILER FIRING DEMONSTRATION Final; May 78 - Sep 81AT NAS MIRAMAR, SAN DIEGO, CALIF. 6 PERFORMING ORG REPORT NUMBER

7 AUTHOR(,8CNRC RGATNME(

T. T. Fu and R. S. Chapler

9 PERFORMING ORGANI ZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10 PROGRAM EL EMENT PROJECT TASK

NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 64710N; Z0350-01-31 1Port Hueneme, California 93043

11 CONTROLLING OF FICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1 EOICT

Chief of Naval Material January 1982Washington, DC 20360 1 UBRO AE

14 MONITORING AGENCY NAMNE 8 ADDRESS(.I d,1111-1, 111M, (oH-,.111IHA 0161e) 15 SECURITT CLASS f01 10,s ,p.,,)

Unclassified

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16 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT ( f Ih-, RepE.,r

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

I7 DISTRIRUTION ST ATEMENT (.1 lhP b-- -1-PI.Pd - BI-,A 20. 1 diff-HI 1-01 RHpA,I)

18 SIPP, EMENT ART NOTES

19 KIEY WORDS ICOIIIHAP1 fl-SA, Id,I ,p- 1d,d-rofy 6, 61o-k ~n-Ab-)

Waste oils, fuel oil reclaimed (FOR), boiler fuel, liquid fuel, alternate fuel, combustion,pollutant emissions, energy conservation

20 AP5SACT ICH,,,,, -p. ,d, II .......r .n"d IdeHIlP b, AIAckHJ~r

The waste oils generated in the San Diego area were tested in boilers at NAS Miramar,San Diego, Calif. Approximately 4 million gallons of waste oils have been consumed during,period of more than 3 years. Results show that all four types of waste oils tested can be

successfully fired in the same manner as commercial grade No. 2 fuel oil if they are reasonablyfree of water and sediment. No modifications for existing boiler equipment or changes in

continued

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20. Continued

standard operating procedures are necessary. No unacceptable environmental emissions

were observed. Due to the contaminants in the waste oils, more than normal effort is

sometimes required to clean the oil strainers and the boilers' fireside surfaces. The existingpractice for processing waste oils is reasonably satisfactory. Heating the waste oils to further

remove water and sediment appears to be only an added cost and may be eliminated when

a minimum specification for the waste oil is developed.

Library Card

Naval Civil Engineering LaboratoryWASTE-OIL BOILER FIRING DEMONSTRATION AT NASMIRAMAR, SAN DIEGO, CALIF. (Final), by T. T. Fu andR. S. ChaplerTN-1618 26 pp illus January 1982 Unclassified

1. Waste oils 2. Oil-fired boilers I. Z0350-01-311

The waste oils generated in the San Diego area were tested in boilers at NAS Miramar,San Diego, Calif. Approximately 4 million gallons of waste oils have been consumed during aperiod of more than 3 years. Results show that all four types of waste oils tested can besuccessfully fired in the same manner as commercial grade No. 2 fuel oil if they are reasonablyfree of water and sediment. No modifications for existing boiler equipment or changes in

standard operating procedures are necessary. No unacceptable environmental emissions wereobserved. Due to the contaminants in the waste oils, more than normal effort is sometimesrequired to clean the oil strainers and the boilers' fireside surfaces. The existing practice forprocessing waste oils is reasonably satisfactory. Heating the waste oils to further remove waterand sediment appears to be only an added cost and may be eliminated when a minimumspecification for the waste oil is developed.

UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIrICATION OF THIS PAGE'Wh*n Do- F d)

J-.p

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION ............ ... ........................ 1

BACKGROUND ........... ... ............................ 2

BOILER FACILITY ............ ......................... 3

WASTE OILS ............ .. ............................ 3

BOILER PLANT OPERATION ....... ......................... 5

TEST RESULTS ............. ........................... 6

CONCLUSIONS ............. ........................... 8

RECOMMENDATIONS ............ ......................... 8

ACKNOWLEDGMtENT ........... .. .......................... 9

Accesslon ForSTIS GRA&IDTIC TAB oUnannounced 0JustificatioBy_

Distribution/

Availability Codes

Avail and/or- (~CDist Special COPY

v

INTRODUCTION

Large quantities of waste oils are routinely generated by theNavy's shore facilities. The composition and properties of these wasteoils vary, depending on the particular function and activities involvedat the source of generation. Usually these waste oils are unsuitablefor the intended original applications. The possibility of utilizingthis valuable energy resource for firing boilers was therefore studied.A range of laboratory tests have been conducted, and waste oils havebeen determined to be a satisfactory boiler fuel*.

Due to the unique combination of waste oil characteristics andexisting burner equipment at each facility, details for firing wasteoils must be worked out individually prior to their use on a regularbasis. Therefore, two demonstration sites for waste oil boiler firingswere recommended by Fu and Chapler:*

1. Naval Weapons Center (NWC), China Lake, Calif. NWC boilers arefired on No. 6 fuel oil (a heavy oil), and the waste oils gener-ated there are relatively light and small in quantity comparedto the boiler plant fuel requirement. Testing of blends of thewaste oil into the regular fuel oil was recommended.

2. Naval Air Station Miramar (NAS Miramar), San Diego, Calif.NAS Miramar boilers are fired on light fuel oils. Large quant-ities of waste oils are generated in the San Diego area (pri-marily from ship operations). Testing of the ship's waste oilsby direct firing was recommended.

For the work described in item I above, extensive tests were con-ducted using an in-service boiler at NWC. Both schemes of batch blendingand in-line blending of waste oils into the regular No. 6 fuel oil weresatisfactorily demonstrated. No modifications to the existing boilerequipment and fuel system component were necessary. No difficultieswere encountered in firing these blends nor were there excessive stackemissions or maintenance requirements. The results and experimentaldetails are described in TN-1580.**

This document is a final report on the work described in item 2above.

*Civil Engineering Laboratory. Technical Note N-1570: Utilizationof Navy-generated waste oils as boiler fuel - Economic analysis andlaboratory tests, by T. T. Fu and R. S. Chapler. Port Hueneme,Calif., Feb 1980.

_Technical Note N-1580: Waste oil boiler firing demon-stration at NWC, China Lake, Calif., by T. T. Fu and R. S. Chapler.Port Hueneme, Calif., Jun 1980.

1

BACKGROUND

NAS Mliramar's boiler plant provides steam for the entire station.There are three water-tube boilers in the plant, each having a maximumoperating capacity of 30,000 pounds of steam per hour. Due to thenature of the base operations, there is a sizeable year-round steamdemand. For example, the actual steam demand and fuel consumptionprofiles for FY79 and FY80 are portrayed in Figure 1. For convenienceof comparison, the annual consumptions of energy and waste oils aresummarized in Table 1. These figures show that the NAS Mliramar boilerplant has a total waste oil burning capacity of about 2 million gallonsper year.

The waste oils generated in the San Diego area are from the follow-ing four sources:

Mliramar Naval Air Station: Primarily contaminated JP-5 fromaircraft operations.

San Diego Naval Station: Primarily oils recovered frombilge and ballast waters fromship operations.

North Island Naval Air Station: Combinations of oils recoveredfrom ship and aircraft operationsand industrial waste treatment.

Point Loma Reclamation Facility: Ship's waste oils with water andsoisremoved by heating and

settling. This oil is known asFOR (Fuel Oil Reclaimed).

All these waste oils are mixtures of contaminated fuel oils, usedlubricants, cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, solvents, etc. The largestquantities are obtained from ship oily waste (approximately 93%) and theremaining from shore activities. Because of the origin, all these wasteoils are low in viscosity and gravity (or density) and may be regardedas a type of light fuel oil.

According to an estimate by Young*, the total waste oils generatedin the San Diego area are about 8 million gallons per year. This fig-ure, although believed to be high, serves to indicate that the achiev-able benefit or savings by substituting waste oils for conventionalboiler fuels is unquestionably high. NAS Miramar has both a largeenergy requirement and the capability to utilize the waste oils andtherefore was selected for demonstrating direct firing of the waste oilsgenerated in the San Diego area

In Miay 1978, the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL) proposedto Public Works, NAS Miramar (PW/I1) to use one of their boilers todemonstrate firing of the waste oils generated at NS San Diego. Discus-sions led to the signing of a memorandum of understanding between NCELand PW/11 in September 1978. The following items were agreed upon:

*Personal c omunications with Jeffery B. Young, Pountney & Young, Inc.,San Diego, Calif., Nov 1980.

2

1. PW/M would designate a boiler and an underground fuel storagetank for NCEL to conduct the tests and provide personnelsupport to assist in carrying out the planned work during nor-mal operating hours.

2. NCEL would fund PW/11 to design and install a separate fuel-handling system between the designated tank and boiler so thatany test work would not interfere with normal plant operation.All other existing systems for the boiler would remain unchanged.

3. NCEL would obtain the waste oils and plan and conduct thetests, pay any extra expenses incurred during the tests, andreport the test results.

BOILER FACILITY

The No. 4 boiler and the north tank at Building K-212 were designatedby PW/I1 for the tests. The unit is a water-tube, package-type boilerthat produces 125 psig saturated steam at 30,000 lb/hr maximum operatingcapacity. It has two burners fired either on natural gas or light fueloil with a steam atomization nozzle. The fuel tank is underground andhas a 30,000-gallon capacity. Pursuant to the agreement, PW/M designedand installed a fuel-handling system between this tank and the boiler.It consists of a water-stripping pump to remove water from the tankbottom, a steam-driven fuel transfer pump, fuel supply and return lines,flow meters, and pressure regulators. The overall arrangement is shownschematically in Figure 2. As seen, the burner may draw oil either fromthe north tank or from the main fuel supply simply by operating theappropriate valves. The overall view of the boiler is shown in Figure 3,while the fuel pump and burners are shown in Figure 4.

The existing instrumentation consists of flowmeters for steam,feedwater, and fuel; stack gas temperature and oxygen concentrationmeasurements; and miscellaneous pressure and temperature gages. NCELinstalled an automatic instrumentation package to continuously monitorand measure 0 2,NO,, and CO concentrations in the stack gas. The schematicand installation o this instrumentation package are shown in Figures 5and 6 respectively.

WASTE OILS

NCEL initially obtained a written agreement from NS San Diego tofurnish, at no cost, the waste oils generated from their waterfrontoperations. PW/M took the responsibility of hauling the waste oils toNAS Miramar and was given priority in using the waste oils generated atNS San Diego. Whenever practical, the oil was taken first to the hold-ing tanks located at the NAS Miramar Fuel Division for further removalof water and solids by gravitational settling. The oil on the top wasthen hauled to the boiler plant. NAS Miramar also obtained FOR from

F Point Loma, San Diego, at $0.35 a gallon. This oil is of better qualitybecause it is fairly uniform and contains less water and sediment.

3

Later, toward the end of the tests reported here, some waste oilswere obtained from NAS North Island.* This oil was an inferior material.It was difficult to ignite and readily plugged up fuel strainers due tothe large amounts of suspended water and solids in the industrial wastes.To improve the quality and to help accelerate the settling process, itwas blended with the contaminated JP-5 available from NAS Miramar in aproportion of about one part JP-5 to five parts waste oil, and wasallowed to settle for several days. After removal of the separatedwater and sediments (usually 15 to 20%), the blended material was satis-factory for boiler firing.

In summary, PW/fl has used all four types of waste oils describedabove in its boiler plant. Due to the unknown nature of the wastestreams from which the waste oils are recovered, their properties varyfrom one batch to another and precise determination is not consideredmeaningful. Fortunately, this is not necessary because from the stand-point of using them as boiler fuels, the requirements of interest arethat the waste oils be combustible and contain no ingredients that wouldhave adverse effects on boiler components and the environment. For thisreason, the basic properties of random samples of FOR and the waste oilsmost available and used in large quantities (i.e., ship's waste oil) arecompared with the specifications for No. 2 fuel oil in Table 2. Quali-tatively, these oils, other than being close to black and having asomewhat higher BS&W and ash content, appear to be the same as No. 2fuel oil.

A collection of the data for the waste oil samples analyzed by thePetroleum Laboratory, Naval Supply Center Point Loma Annex, San Diego,Calif., during FY80 and FY81 was obtained, and the relevant informationis summarized in Table 3. Note that these waste oils are reasonablyclose to each other in properties. Although some of the samples containhigher water and sediment than FOR, there appears to be only a very weakjustification for further treatment of the waste oils by the reclamationfacility which provides only heat to the oil to accelerate gravitationalsettling, an unnecessary added cost. Navy use of heavy, high-viscosityfuel oils has diminished significantly in recent years; therefore, thewaste oils generated are primarily light and of low-viscosity. Gravita-tional settling alone can effectively separate contaminant water andsolids from the oil without the heating normally required for the moreviscous fuels. At present, no guidelines on the limits of propertiesfor waste oils are available. It is clear that, with some guidelinesdeveloped for processing and handling waste oils, the Navy can easilyeliminate the waste oil reclamation facility.

*The waste oils from NAS North Island are from buildings 788 and 426.The former is a salvage facility for the fuel farm and the latter isan industrial waste treatment plant. The salvaged fuel sometimescontains some low-flash fuel such as JP-4. In order to bring theflash point up, blending with high-flash point fuel is done at theMiramar fuel farm. The material from the industrial waste plantusually contains large amounts of water and suspended solid materialand does not burn readily.

Contaminants in the waste oils can be harmful to the environmentand boiler components. Analyses of three waste oil samples were made todetermine the type and amount of contaminants in each. The results aresummarized in Table 4. Judging from the origin of the waste oils avail-able in the area, the amount of contaminants in the waste oils shouldvary from the least in FOR to the most in the NAS North Island wasteoil. The results in Table 3 show that this is indeed the case.

The much higher contaminant levels in the waste oil from NAS NorthIsland are most likely from industrial wastes. It is reasonable toexpect that the chloride comes mostly from seawater, the iron and copperfrom steel and copper ship components or simply the rusts from thesecomponents in contact with the oil, and the rest of the contaminantsfrom industrial waste streams. Comparing the amount of contaminants inFOR, it is also reasonable to expect that except for sulfur, a signifi-carnt percentage of these contaminants can be removed from the waste oilsthrough the FOR treatment (heating and gravitational settling). Theharmful contaminants, such as chromium, lead, and cadmium, are wellbelow the levels that would be of concern.

Samples of these four types of waste oils were also analyzed usinga Beckman IR 4250 spectrophotometer. The absorption spectra for eachsample of oil were obtained for both a O.l-iun path length and thatsqueezed between two salt crystals. The results show that these wasteoils are all practically the same and have the same characteristicfeatures as aliphatic hydrocarbons (typical of conventional type fueloils).

Based on the above results, it is safe to consider that the wasteoils generated in the San Diego area are practically the same as commner-cial grade No. 2 fuel oil. With as much water and sediment removed aspossible by settling and straining, these waste oils should be adequatesubstitutes for No. 2 fuel oil. No significant modification to theexisting boiler systems should be anticipated.

BOILER PLANT OPERATION

The operating profiles of the HAS Miramar boiler plant (Build-ing K-212) are shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 7 shows the steamexport (demand) and fuel consumption profiles during the days of highestand lowest levels in FY80. Figure 8 shows the same profiles during thehighest and lowest months. Comparing these two figures, note that thehighest demands were between 0600 and 1700 during week days when prac-tically all the base activities take place. The demands at other timesare relatively stable and lack characteristic changes.

There are three boilers in the plant: one is always on-line tocarry the total or main load; one is in a standby status to provide forfluctuating steam demand exceeding the capacity of the first boiler; andone is either idle or being maintained. During warm months (e.g.,September), the steam demand level is practically constant which repre-sents the steady daily requirements of the base plus any losses due toleakage. Therefore, one boiler is sufficient during these months, andit is fired at 10,000 lb/hr or one-third the boiler's capacity or higher.

5

During cold months, two boilers are often required: one at full outputcapacity and the other at varying output to meet any fluctuating steamdemands. For example, considering the case as shown by the top curve inFigure 8, two boilers will be required: one boiler would be always onat full load and one would carry a varying load between 0 and 11,000 lb/hr. During mild weather, the steam demand is likely below the capacityof one boiler and may vary between 10,000 and 30,000 lb/hr. Since allthe boilers must be routinely maintained, they are normally operated ona rotating schedule; the full spectrum of load conditions will always beexperienced by all the boilers during the period between overhauls(normally 2,500 bailer operating hours at NAS Miramar). Therefore,monitoring the operation of any one of the three boilers for a periodcorresponding to one overhaul cycle would yield the data needed in orderto determine the operational requirements and environmental effects ofwaste oil burning.

TEST RESULTS

The No. 4 boiler originally assigned for testing purposes wastemporarily unavailable at the time when the test setup was ready becauseof routine maintenance. Since all three boilers in the plant are iden-tical units, the actual test work began with the No. 2 boiler. All fourtypes of waste oils were found to be satisfactory for boiler firing andcould be handled in the same manner as for No. 2 fuel oil. No irregu-larities were observed other than the requirements for mare frequentcleaning of the fuel strainers and the occasional stripping of any watersettled in the bottom of the tank.

The boiler was operated routinely from 21 April 1979 to 6 Octo-ber 1980 for a total of 2,410" operating hours. As discussed earlier,the boiler experienced all types of load variations. During normaloperation, therp was no vi"sible smoke from the stack; the oxygen con-centration in the stack or flue gas varied between 5% and 6% with occas-ional excursions up to 8% and down to 3%. The stack gas temperatureincreased with the steam load as expected, but it also depended on theindividual boiler. The following is an illustration of such a variationduring a cold day, 11 January 1980, between No. 2 and No. 4 boilers (thevariation of the outside air temperature during the 24-hour period wasbetween 581F and 62*F).

Steam Load Stack Gas Temp.Boiler _(lb/hr) (OF)

No. 2 18,600 - 25,200 550 - 620

No. 4 15,000 - 21,600 420 - 500

The CO (carbon monoxide) level was always low and was in the range of 10to 20 ppm. The NO X(nitrogen oxides) concentration was also low and wasin the range of 80 to 120 ppm (corrected to 3% oxygen). These arerecorded on a strip chart; a typical output on this chart is shown inFigure 6. The automatic calibration feature of this instrumentationpackage, the levels of 0 29NO , and CO when the burner fuel/air ratio

6

control is operated on both automatic and manual modes, and the varia-tions of CO and NO resulting from the sudden drop of O2 levels are allillustrated. Since these emissions are not regulated for boilers ofthis size, and since the emissions were well below regulated levels(e.g., 225 ppm is the maximum allowable NO emission for boilers greaterthan 50 million Btu/hr burning liquid or solid fuels), the waste oilstested were all satisfactory from an environmental standpoint.

After 2,418 hours of operation, the boiler was shut down for routinemaintenance. During this period approximately 37 x 106 pounds of steamwas exported and 400,000 gallons of waste oils had been consumed. Whenthe interior of the boiler was inspected, a 1-to-2-mm-thick, whitepowdery, friable deposit was found on the boiler's fireside surfaces.Burning clean light fuel oil or natural gas does not generate muchdeposit on the boiler's fireside surfaces, but this deposit situation isconsidered better than burning low-grade, heavy fuel oils (e.g., No. 6oil). In the region closest to the flame, there was a greenish, fused,scaly material (looked like peeling paint) deposited over the whitedeposit (Figure 9).

According to the boiler operators, the white deposit was not uncom-mon when burning waste oils, but the greenish material had not beenobserved before. Samples of these deposits were brought back to NCELfor analysis. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of both the green andwhite deposit samples show that they were similar. A result of theseanalyses is shown in Figure 10. Note that the major peaks were gener-ated for silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium. Smaller quantitiesof iron, zinc, copper, and potassium were also detected. The white,powdery deposit is slightly acidic, which is typical of oil-ash prod-ucts. The greenish color of the fused deposit is believed to be due tosome zinc and copper compounds.

Since the waste oils from NAS North Island were burned during thelast part of the tests and the greenish material was apparently depos-ited last, it is reasonable to believe that this greenish material wasfrom the North Island waste oils, which contained relatively largequantities of zinc and copper as illustrated in Table 4. (This oil wasrecovered from mixtures of industrial wastes, bilge waters, contaminatedfuels, etc., at the treatment plant. Excessive contamination of the oilwas not unexpected.)

Both the white and greenish deposits could be easily brushed offand did not appear to cause any physical damage to the boiler's firesidesurfaces. Approximately 50% more time would be required to clean theboiler's fireside surfaces after burning waste oils than burning regularfuels.

Since no major difficulties were encountered as the program pro-ceeded, the test work was extended to burn the waste oils in the otherboilers of the plant. So far, the available waste oils have not beensufficient to furnish the full demand of the boiler plant, and naturalgas has been used at times to make up the deficiency. The extent ofwaste oil burning at NAS Miramar can be illustrated by the quantities ofwaste oils, including FOR, that have been hauled in by the Fuel Divisionduring the last four years:

7

Waste Oil (gal)

Pt. LomaFY Naval Station North Island (FOR) Total

78 105,313 0 0 105,313

79 620,435 0 819,350 1,439,785

80 713,500 236,000 320,000 1,269,500

81 774,300 204,700 225,00 1,204,0

Total 2,213,548 440,700 1,364,350 4,018,598

CONCLUSIONS

Approximately 4 million gallons of waste oils generated in theSan Diego area have been consumed by the boilers at NAS Miramar during aperiod of more than 3 years. Results show that these waste oils aresatisfactory substitutes for regular fuel oils and can be fired withoutrequiring modifications to the existing equipment. No apparent adverseeffects to either the boiler components or the environment were observed.

To prepare for firing, the waste oils should be stripped of waterand sediments by gravitational settling. Experience has shown that theelaborate and costly method of processing Fuel Oil Reclaimed, by heatingand settling, is unnecessary. The additional maintenance efforts asso-ciated with waste oil firing are:

1. More frequent cleaning of the fuel strainers

2. Approximately 50% more effort to clean the boiler's firesidesurfaces

The extent of the additional work described above varies according tothe particular fuel used. This effort is considered minor, however,because it is a routine part of boiler operation.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The majority of the Navy's boilers are small, fire-tube, unmannedunits. The total fuel requirements for these boilers are therefore,very significant. Because of the success in firing waste oils in theboilers at NAS Miramar (large size, water-tube, normally attended), alogical extension to the overall effort would be to conduct demonstra-tion tests using small firetube boilers. The Marine Corps Station atCamp Pendleton has more than 500 small boilers in operation. In lightof the above and because of the very large quantities of waste oilgenerated in the San Diego area (as estimated by Young*), a firingdemonstration should be conducted at Camp Pendleton.

*Personal communications with Jeffery B. Young, Pountney & Young, Inc.,San Diego, Calif., Nov 1980.

8

2. The present practice of handling waste oils provides satisfactoryboiler fuels without the need for a dedicated facility to further separatethe water and sediments by heating. Experience shows that this addedcost may be readily eliminated if proper quality control is exercised.Development of a minimum specification for this type of boiler fuel isrecommended.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Contributions and cooperation to planning and conducting the testsare gratefully acknowledged for personnel of Public Works and FuelDivision of NAS Miramar: Messrs. Albert Wong, Harold Dowdy, Bill Neipp,Al Valdez, Joe Ford, and George Ransom.

9

Table 1. Annual Consumptions of Energyand Waste Oils for Boilers

Total Waste Oils Waste OilsFY Total

MBtu Gallons (M)

79 286,839 245,988 1,773,527 85.8

80 301,836 180,161 1,298,929 59.7

Notes:

1. The lower waste oil consumption in FY80 than in FY79was due to availability. For example, lack of squadronactivity on base or ship in port will result in reducedwaste oil generation.

2. The energy values used for computation are 1,031Btu/SCF for natural gas and 138,700 Btu/gal. forfuel oil.

Table 2. Comparison of Random Samples of FOR and Waste OilsWith Specification for No. 2 Fuel Oil

Properties No. 2 Fuel FOR Ship'sOil (Spec) Waste Oil

Gravity, API at 60OF >30 34.4 34.0

Viscosity, Cs at 104*F 2.0 - 3.6 4.0 4.7

Flashpoint, OF 212 184 212

BS&W, %Vol <0.10 0.1 0.1

Ash, % wt Trace 0.068 0.057

10

Table 3. Basic Properties of Waste Oil Samples Analyzed bythe Petroleum Laboratory, Point Loma (courtesy ofMr. H. F. Anderson)

Gravity Flash VsoiyCuSample (PI at Point Visosty W&S Ash Sulfur Strip

No. (A (C atWh % % at600F) (OF) 104-F) 1000F

80-422 a 34.3 184 3.0 0.7 0.075-423 34.5 184 2.5 0.7 0.062

-424 34.8 182 3.8 0.5-425 34.6 182 3.6 0.2-426 34.9 190 3.8 0.1

-470 33.9 188 4.1 1.0-471 33.8 188 4.1 1.0

-476 34.7 178 3.7 0.07 0.024 4a

-536 34.6 182 3.6 0.04

-622 34.6 186 3.6 0.6-931 35.2 174 3.3 2.4-1059 34.9 170 3.7 1.6

-1206 34.0 212 4.7 0.1 0.057

-1388 33.6 180 4.4 0.5-1389 34.0 >230 4.54 0.5-1417 34.3 178 3.9 0.1

-1606 33.3 182 4.2 1.0

81-44 34.0 180 4.0 0.1 0.34

-211 35.7 210 3.6 0.02-212 33.8 174 4.1 0.15

-528 32.9 170 4.7 2.2 0.39

-724 33.2-755 35.7 168 0.3

-79 6 a 35.7 170 3.3 0.04 0.015 0.40-797 36.1 >230 2.8 0.30 0.023 0.26

-841 a 34.9 174 3.2 0.2-8 47 a 34.1 178 3.8 0.9 0.063

-906 34.5 172 0.6

-883 35.2 168 0.1

-954 34.5 168 0.8

aFOR processed through the Point Loma heating facility.

.- ow

I

Table 4. Contaminants in FOR and Waste Oils

Waste OilFORContaminants Point Loma NAS NS

North Island San Diego

Chloride, mg/l 2.0 717.0 44.0

Iron, mg/l 16.9 2,300.0 358.0

Zinc, mg/l 22.5 543.0 33.3

Chromium, mg/l 0.35 94.0 1.0

Lead, mg/l 4.7 19.0 15.8

Copper, mg/1 0.99 267.0 2.8

Cadmium, mg/l <0.1 a 1.3 0.25

Nickel, mg/l 0.61 31.0 2.4

Tin, mg/1 <0 .3a 1.6 <0.3 a

Sulfur, % 0.36 0.4 0.4

aNot detected.

12

j-.

30 1

FY7

0

.2

10

0

Toa

-- -- ateO

2o

' I

%I

0o 0Ot Nv Dec. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep t

(Month)

Figure 1. Steam and energy consumption profiles at NAS Miramar.

Existing- to boiler No. 4

r - - -

1 in.

oil return lines A

I n.

flowmeters

2 in., 60 mesh duplex steamI

EMD

i ~ 5 50pM

I150 psi gerPM

stripping pump

I north tank30,000 gal.

Figure 2. Schematic of fuel-handling system installed by PW/M.

14

Figure 3.Overall view of boiler.

15

lu

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16-

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0 Ci

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(c) Sampling probe installation

calibrations; automatically repeatedev'ery eight hours - 02at 4.0%. NOxat 450 ppm,CO at 825 ppm Fuel/air control

02 on automatic mode

Fuelairrato cntrl Low 02 results in highmanually oprtd CO and low NOx levels -

Nox (at 3% 02

0400 0300 0200 0100 2400 2300 2200 2100 2000

Hours of the Day

(d) Typical output

Figure 6. Continued

19

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Fuel

40

30 (Fidy

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200

0 1 ..........

200

11 00

Steam I'

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/. / \ E

/ \ C

V o 6 ."

V

500_

II I II

September

300

2W00 5 1o 15 2() 25 30 35

Day of the Month

Figure 8. Highest and lowest monthly profiles for steam exported and fuel consumed during FY80

at Building K-212, NAS Miramar. (61% of the total energy consumed in January and100% in September was waste oils.)

21

INA It

22U

ILU

(.2

14~

tu n~j Avl -

23~

DISTRIBUTION LIST

A\FBi (AFI I I.). Wright I'aticrson Oil: 82AI1( DF1NIC . iliam, AZ. AII(i 1)1-F (F> Ncther'4. ( p.dlcI.'%%

AFF1 YX: AFFS( D)EB. Ivndall. Fl-: CL.S( II. Wrwmhi-Piater-mm: %1,\( I ) I (CIl. P' Ii llli~o'i scolii. LL:

S/\NIS() NINNI). Norton AF1 (WA Samso Wec 4 SilLCr VandCnbtir!. CA: Stini.. hibrar% . O(mut NIARNMY ARRAI)C( NI. Do'.cr, N.I DI)AN-(V.F-%I (I, C 1 ) F1lmiiiliiLj. %kitliimion DC. )ANNI'-I

\Na'.hinL'ion DC(: I)A.N-NIL'. \Voshin.oi.n DC(: FRAMI)ONI Icch Supp D~ir. MF SIM.5)-E 1:1 Mlo Illut.NJ Natick R&D C) (mmand ( KWOh IhIUJNat NMI -: iCI-Cc R0 D1% . Fo'rt I hli huca - NAZ

A RMY - CE RI. -librar\. Chanpign HI.A RMY CO RI'S OF ENGINEE RS IRI)-Fng. Di%- . inaha NE: Scattic Dm'~ I brarl . Seattic WAARMY ENG R DIST. F-ibritr\. Portland ORARMIY MISSIL.E R&D) (NI) S(I Inlo (Cn 4 I)( C Rcd-si.'ii Ascial. ALASCO PN'. (ENS NI 'A imas), I'hildaticiphia. PA(INCLAN"I Civil Engr. SLupp. Plans. Oir Nor4.Ik. VAN-CINCIPA( File Enmgrng Di% (J44) Nlakalapa. Ill(NAVRES ('ode 43 (Dir. Faciliic) Nc\\ Or~can,,. lA(NM NI(Xdc NI A 1-44. Wa~hi ngtorl DlC: C ode NIXA!-( )8E. W\ashii nn . I)C - NI A\l - (144. Wkashingtol Mn

(NC(ode N ( P-94. Washington D)C: C. 'tc (OP 987 Washiln atoll M C . .Cd ( P-41 Wash. IW oC C de 4)PNAN

4 191[24 (Ml4 OI'-4 '( W ashinaon, IC 0( ,10P,7.1 i43 Boosiman 4). Pena aon

(OMIFLEACI. OKINAW\A I'WI E ngr [)i\. Saischo. Lipan: PW( ) Kaidcni;. O kina(COMNNANNIARIANAS Code N4. (44til

CC)NIC)CEANSNSPAC SCE. Pcarl IHarbotr IllD)11FET lSITPPC 1N I)FSC -O WF ( I'crmn Ftierng ) A IC Va d lia NVA1)OF: INEL Icch. I-ib (Reports Secltn). Idaho Fallk 11)1) I11 C Dc I)cc nsc I1cch n icalII n I o (Ct r Al cx a ndia Nt \ A

I)INSR1)C (Codc i22 4Ijbrar% 4. Annaporlis MDlE:NNI R(NNIENIAI\[ PRCIEC(IION ACiENC N RcL. Ill I ihr~irl\. Philadelphia PA

EIIC )II3\I1A(E EAI lWC) Virainia lich VANFNIFIANI (EC Of)44r. Norfolk NAIHRARY OV CON(;RVESS W-inlM. DC Scicrlce- & lecl D4)NIANRINEF CO RPS 13ASE: (odc 406(. Cilampl I.eiciFIlC. NC. I'WI - Entr 1)1\. ( Cmpll I'cnidlcto't ("C.V 'I)

Nlairtt. C ontrol Il)i\. Camp itlcr. Kimitasaki. Japan: I'WC Campi xi cucnc NC: PW( ). C amp S. 1) llitlcr.

Kawasa ik i partIARINE (C)RIS 11C)S Code IIF-2, \kriShinat.'no 1)(,

MIC AS CO . Kaneo'he it Ill: C ode S4. Ctlantic' N-N: [-ics Niailt Dept O pc atiotii I )i. (hem P~loint: I'.' IIgilitic, I)ix . Iwakrini. Japan: PWC). Yuitn Az

M(I)FC NSAI' REP. Quantic.' NANICL 13 151. llatrstow CA: F'W( 4.iiair'.o C AM(RI) PWO. San Diegon Cai

NA -NEI'M) E ngr I)i\. Atsagi. Japiii : l'W( Sigo)cllia Sicil'.: l'W( . -Nsic apaiiNAIF OIN(. San D~icgo. CANARI: Codc (,12. Jax. FE-N/CS Codec 114. Alameda CA: C odc 187. Jacks.'n'illc IF; ('dc 4S7141,4 limn,iic4. NF: Codc 4is (ENS 1I'.

flickcvl. Corpus Chrisi IX: ('dc 744. Atlanta. Mairictti 6AN: D~ir. tl i\ Ii. -l~iimulis. COtmcr. PWI).Pa;tuixent Rivcr. NIl). Lakchursi. NJ:I Lead. Chief. I'eit' Olt I''..SCIl IlCIp) l)i%. - Cl. IX p\%' i~fNviLaguirct. Cmrpti. Christi IX: P _) Friar Di% IDir. Mlillingtoni. IN: PWDl - lirar I)i\. - (iiio. Cuba: ,'P\% DFngr Di%.. o Hlarbor. WA: l'N\I Nfaini ('ii lDir . FI~r I' '..I.Nrncrgc ~it~l1i.lcrnruda: PW1). Willow% C roa.c PA: I".'. 0 liclic (hissc. -A 1-N lW (hawI lid li111Ci. [V: l'O Kc'.We't Fl.: 11W Whiting Fillt. Nlilim'n Fl.. l'W). (444, l'omi. R IP,: l''..( . I~M1rs, IV: I'W0. (;lecn'jc. IF1PW( . Kinpwil Ic IX: l'WC . Nfil linaimn IN: PNWC . M1ira mar,- Sim I ic' A '.. C 4O.-. '(Icit Field (CAN: SC INo rfolIk . NA: SC TF. Ba rbcrs P'oint HL Shorc -ail. (Ir No rforlk VA -

NA IL RFSEARUII COUNCIL Nasal Stuilics Borar,. Washington M)NAINA.NIEI)CEN (ode 43 4 I'WC)) liihcsdam. Nil)NAVACI PWO. London ['KNAVAC IDE PW~O. HI Lock U ' KNAY AEROSPREC ;MEI)(EN S(1-, lcnsacola 1:1ANAY AIRI)E N -I WI). Engr Di\ Mpg. N'.artiistcr. PA: I".'. 0) aminic. PA

24

N A\At I (N IC FAC Pli I\ Irudlianapol is IN: F'WDF Dcput\ Di1r. D)71. Intl IanapoI i INNAV'(( C )SISY'SI ( R F.ibrair\ Panama Citv. Fl-N ..\ \'(( C)M .\l A I SF RS I.5\ I'WC . Norlolk VA: PW( . Waihiast~ 111 SCT I 'nit I N apIcI Ft al%NAV()NlSA C0S (61F PueIIFrtro Rico: ('(lif 4011 Nca Mialin. G~rece: P\V) - lari ( ontroIl D1%. Diego

Gjarcia I,- PI\F).F N( D~i\ [)ii \\a;shinglonl. DC.: P'V0 . Etnokilh. A\trli.i. F'S. 1 ort Amatlor Panamali(aalN .55C 15511'PW( . Ihurso. Sco)tland)

NAVEFIRAF'R( )IV(T'N technical I ibrar\. Pt nsacolit. Ft.N ASI FD R5C IN FnIfr I)Cit (COLIC 4.2 Netiplort. RINAVFI:..( PWO. lrtdt WalcsI U K: F'W). Ca.pe Iit teas liittor NC P\V( . Ccntc rs ic Ich. [ rdilc (A:

1,W). GuminNAV'FA(' P\'d). I.cstcs DI1NAVFAC P\V(). Point Stir, Fij! Stir (CAN AV'FA( -FN( A '(C O (oc 012 0 'It I AI taid r L it. VA. C' otIc 043 At IcitaI I Ia. VA . ( 'ti IC(44 Ac C\aIn drI.

V A. ('(tic I 1441i A Ic ta nrira V a: Cod 1,ic14113 Alex andtria . \ A: C. dc WsIA II Fl icrilbringw Alcvmtinta. \A:5

C'ode Ill. (fI Stcsc ns A Icuaria . VA: ctdc 0I81 A itndi i;i. VANAS'EA('ING(A - (' IFS D)IV ('.'IC 112 Washjnirion. D C: ('title 401 \%I' Isliicror Do( . eI 401; Wis'h. IP(

F110- I Witshinlton. DO.NAS'FA(TN((I - FAN! I DI\. CDIR F: Peltier: C o)dc I II, \001111, I.5 tr BIR Dcpir. FDir. Nipics 11ilt

RF)I&EI. 1112.C Norilk S'SNAS'F',-'N( ((15 - NCR RI D1 )5. C'odec (14 I'llIhid" lpliil. P'.A. ( C .ic (It'll'hi.tcpr. I' I CII '11odcJA.(IL Ill..

RI lISFl. P'hiladelphia FPS: (")tic Ill P'iadlh A.N.'S'F'ACEN6(OMA - P'AC DIV. lKti) Cotic 1011. Pecarl flarb.'r. Ill, ( (M11 'P'II SRI I RBOCR Ill. (odc.

2(111 Pecarl Harbor. Ill: C'i,it 4112. RF)I'&. Pearl Ha~rbor Ill: ('.,imrrniicf. F'cjil IHirl'r IllN.'SSFAC'EN6(^)51 - DI1F )V. (*title 4113. (ialdtl. Chrcson. SC od itll. RII MIl. C hrlr' SoNA\'FA('ENGi(M -\S D5[1'FIV ('odc 114FB San Firun.'. C A: 09PF'20 sail Iliull. ( A. RF) I M Il o dc -'(Ill

San FBruno1. (CA

NAS'F':S(N((A)N ('C)NIRA ,\RC(C'C'. Ouatico. VANAVF( R( AkI B Comimander I N42). F'ucrlto RicoNAVI IC)SF P\\DF) -Enr F)i\. Ficatifort - SO'

N.-SS'IAGi P551) -Errcr D~i%. (tiarn:ll S(F. (LMIl: SOTE. Stibic Fla%. R 1)

NAVC (1 ANSYS( EN Codic 4473 Flai.idc I iblrart . San Dicizo. (A. ( ')tlc 44."It1 I I Ch I ihi ',II Di)cc. CA

N.SV0 RDMFS I. LS FIAC P551 -Enar Flu. %%VlritQ SaIsl, \'MiNAS\ CRDS I A P51) F Dir. Finir FDi\. Inldiall Icead. %ID): P\\50. Intlianlliciti. \1I). '\\ (), I "umt Ill, K)

NA\F'I'' Y0FF Codec 311) Alcexandlria VANAVI BASI- SCL'. (.oronaido, Sanl ICicc CSNA\'RA1) RI FCFAC F'WC. Kaini Scva Japan

NAVRIC iNEI)('N F'WF) - Eng~ Dli\. (Camp FLcicunc. NC': FMM Ncyttr RI.,'5 P I( I'l'ri uilb. N

NAVREC IF)CEN P\VC1. Clunita. lapanlNASiRL0 NIF])(T 'N SUL'E 1). Kal'c 1 SOTV Siff) ICI!'. C(.A: SC I. .III 'rp F''iiIlt'i.j V M. IC . M IuL t

0akland (ANANREC IMEDC 'N SCOT. Yokot~ika. JaipanNAVSC' F('L('C (FF ('35 Port IFirFucnmc. C. ColI. Codec C 44A Port F Fucnicnrc. ( ANAVS(SOI. F'SS'(. Athcnls 0iANAV\kS[EAS''OS SEA W1E (I. Kc'sl Washingrori. DC.' SI.A515 I. 'isinr.'n. I)(NAVSECC RUAC /1 (Facil. 01ii. C alcta II, Painama (anal; P\W Adtak .AK: ['W I Ft/cul Scotlandt. [',W) .

Pucrto' Rico: PWC I. 'I'orri Stir. ( (inas aNAVSE:'S'IA F'WI) - Engr Dli\. Wash- .NAV*SI I'REPFAC' SC E Subic FLayNA NSF 1I'DF Codeti 2012.4. FLo ng FBeach CA: C odc 121 i.brars Powlic SoMIiut. FlrcnrICU1 r \%;VWS (OI odc S(I

Portsmouth. V'A: C odc 382.3 I R. .; ass Fcarl II arbor. Ill: C Odc 4111). ['ii CI Sound:& ('title 4101. Malc I".Vallejo (A: C ode 441) Portsmouth NilF: C'odic 4401. Norflik : C('otic 441). Puci Solund. lircincrionl \%A: (Aide45;1). (harlcstoin SC( Citdc 453 (1 i til. Supr I. Vallejo C: : Iibrars. F'orwinoith NI FL P"W FDcpt. Lonig Beach.(A: PWO. Marc F'.: PWO. Pugect Sounti; SC E. [Pcarl FlItrhor Ill

NAVS*IA C(C) Naival Station. Mayport Fl.: UC). Firookliin NY:' C'ode 4. 12 Mlarine ('orps DI~it. F'rcasuirc Is.. SanFrancisco C A: Frig Diir.. Rota Spain: Long Bea~ch. C'A: Maimt. I. lir Codc 51. Rotiman Panama (anal:

PIWI - Engr Decpt . Adak . AK: F'WD - Enc'r FDiv. MIidtay Is. : P'55' Pelarl H a rbo r. Ill: 'W V. CiataaIl Cuba: F'WC . Kc lasiik Icc anti: F'WC. Mfatporl Fl.: SCOF. C niamn: SCOTI. San IDicego CA: SC 'E. Suibic FLat.RI'.

25

NAVSIIIASE ENS S. Dose. Cirolon. C'I: SCE, P..'al larbi IIIN AN'S11 PPA(-'[ WC) Naples Itals ['WI Sejattle .WV Planj U gr [Di\. N aples litalN AX'S I PFAC PWDI - NMaiut. C'ontrol Di\15Iha rmjm . NI I)NAVSI.PPC) PWO. Lit Naddlenai. haillNA\'SL'RFW\PNC'EN PWO. White Oak. Silser Springz. Nil)NAX'ITE('IRA('EN SCE. Pensacolaj 1:1.NAVU SEAWARENCISIA Kc : port. WAN

Ake.NCE ('A 00(k.Bne) hn Lk A OI S11(11h Lk.A ~0Wd 61111N ae A CA'FN'N(oe23 ~nerI 'iaIaeC: d S 3(h aI. eCA '.IIC.ie21 ii.

NAVWPNSTIA (('lebakI ('olts Neck, NJ: ('OLIC (192. (ijild (:NV Code 1192A WC ['edcricks) Seal 111e~jeh CA:NMain. ('ontrol Dir.. Yorktown VA

NA~vW"PNSrIA PW Office (('ode l0tI'l Yorktow\n. VANA'WPNSFA PWI) - Nimn Control Di% . ('harlestjjn. SC: I'WI - Supr (jel [jjjir Seil Becach. CA: I'IW .

(Charleston. SC: I'O. Seal Wetch CANAVWPNSUPPCEN (jide 091 Crane INN'B(' ('ode 101 Daisville. RI: ('ode 25111 Port 11I1C1C uenem ( C:o jde 4M.11 (juil port NiS: Cojde 430 W I linrne

(jul (port. NI K N UESA ( 'jde 252 (11 Winters) Pjort Ili enlellIC. (A: IMW((oIC jde Sill P.oit Itine elne. ('A:PWO. Daiiisville RI

NNI('B FINE. Operations [Dept: II IREE. Operation, 01l.NRI ('ode 58(1() Washington. DC(NSI) SCE. Sub'ic Ba%. R.P.NL'SC ('ode EA I- I RN. NMunn)I. New Ljindion (IOFFIC'E SE('RE-iARY OF [DEFENSE OAS[) INIRA&L-) D~ir. of Fnrt-p Pentagon. \kashingltjn. D)CONR (Scientific Dirl Pasadena. ('A: Cojde 221, Arlington VA: ('ode 704:t Arlinvtoii \APA('NIISRANFAC III Area Bi. Sands, PWs'( Kekaha., Kauai. IIIPW\C C 'C Njirfolk . VA: ('0., (COIC 101. Oakland. ('AW ) CO, Great I akcs II.: CO). Pecarl Ilinrhiir 111: C'OdeC Ill.

Ci reat Lakes. IL.: C'ode 11. O,( akland . C'A: COI jide1 C'. I.hr.rs I Sanl IDiejo. C; 'jde l;4. C reat Ijkcs.IU.: ('ode 20),1 Gireat Lakes IL: ('jde 2001. (juaj: Code 2211.1. Njorfoilk VA: Code 301C. Noirlolk. NA: ('odei5A, (11. Wheeler): ('jide 6001 (11tiiliie D)ept) Norljilk. NA: ('ode 01101. Gireat Lakes. It.: COIC 601l. Oakland.('A: Code 6101. San Diego C'a: ILibrary . Suibic Ba\ . R.P.: Uld Dept I R Pascual P[earl H arbor, III: UtilitiesOfficer. Giuamn

SP'C' PWC) (COLIC 12011 NIcchanicshUrg PASL'PANX PWO, Williamsburg NAtiS('( (Sniith). Washington. DC': Ci-MNI'I"4 82 (.1 SpencerlU SNA C'h. Mech. Engr. Dept Annapoilis Nil): Enerp-1-nsiron Slth G~ rp. ANnnapiolis. NI I): Nlech Frng. lDept.

IC. Wu). Annapolis NID: PWI) Engr. Di\. IC'. Bradfjird I Annapolis Nil): "WI) Annapolis Nil)

26