Heinrich Breem

18th Century Immigrant from Germany

and Some of His Descendents

by

Gary Bream

Ninth Generation Descendent

December 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section and Page

I. ORIGINS ................................................................................................................... 1 II. IMMIGRATION........................................................................................................ 1

1. The Journey............................................................................................................. 1 2. Arrival ..................................................................................................................... 4

III. SETTLEMENT.......................................................................................................... 1 1. The First Decade 1740 to 1750............................................................................ 1 2. The Second Decade 1751 to 1760 ....................................................................... 4

IV. GENERATIONS........................................................................................................ 1 1. First Generation ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Heinrich Bream (1700 1751-1762)................................................................... 1 2. Second Generation Children of Heinrich Bream and Catherine.......................... 1

2.1 Jacob Bream (1722 1794) ................................................................................. 1 2.2 Anna Maria Bream (UNK - >1780)..................................................................... 5

3. Third Generation Children of Jacob Bream and UNKNOWN............................ 1 3.1 Samuel Bream (1744-52 - 1800).......................................................................... 1 3.2 Henry Bream (1744-52 - 1828)............................................................................ 8 3.3 Jacob Bream (1750-55 1839).......................................................................... 19 3.4 Margaretha Elisabetha Bream (1755 UNK) ................................................... 23 3.5 Catharina Bream (1756-65 1820-30) .............................................................. 23

4. Fourth Generation Children of Henry Bream and Barbara Leathers................... 1 4.1 Elizabeth Bream (1771 1830-50)...................................................................... 1 4.2 Jacob Bream (1771 1835) ................................................................................. 2 4.3 Mary C Bream (1774 1845).............................................................................. 4 4.4 Catherine Bream (1776 1856)........................................................................... 6 4.5 Henry Bream (1781 1865) ................................................................................ 6 4.6 Magdalena Bream (1789 1852) ...................................................................... 11 4.7 John S Bream (1788 1876) ............................................................................. 12 4.8 Susannah Bream (1793 1850-60) ................................................................... 15 4.9 Daughter Bream (1795-1800 UNK) ............................................................... 15

5. Fifth Generation Children of Jacob Bream and Catherine Phlieger .................... 1 5.1 Anna Bream (UNK died in infancy)................................................................. 1 5.2 Susannah Bream (1797 1850-60) ..................................................................... 1 5.3 Joseph Bream (1799 1877) ............................................................................... 1 5.4 Jacob H Bream (1801 1885) ............................................................................. 3 5.5 Daniel Bream (1802 1877)................................................................................ 4 5.6 Henry Bream (1804-10 1820-30)...................................................................... 6 5.7 Mary (Polly) Bream (1805 1883) ..................................................................... 7 5.8 Catherine (Katie) Bream (1808 1885) .............................................................. 7 5.9 John Bream (1811 1899)................................................................................. 10 5.10 Matilda Bream (1815 1900-10) .................................................................... 10 5.11 Samuel Bream (1815 1881) .......................................................................... 11 5.12 William E Bream (1818 1891)...................................................................... 12

6. Sixth Generation Children of Daniel Bream and Mary Arnold........................... 1 6.1 Jacob H Bream (1837 1913) ............................................................................. 1 6.2 Amelia Bream (1839 1911) .............................................................................. 1

i

ii

6.3 Edward (Edwin) Bream (1841 1864)................................................................ 2 6.4 Ephraim Bream (1843 1923) .......................................................................... 14 6.5 Daniel Bream (1845 1923).............................................................................. 16 6.6 Ezra Bream (1847 1927)................................................................................. 17 6.7 Emma Frances Bream (1849 1930) ................................................................ 19 6.8 Mary Catherine Bream (1852 1925) ............................................................... 19 6.9 Howard Bream (1853 1919) ........................................................................... 19 6.10 Rev. Ira Franklin Bream (1855 1952)........................................................... 20

7. Seventh Generation - Children of Ezra Bream and Emma Cooley ........................ 1 7.1 Myrtle L Bream (1869 1935)............................................................................ 1 7.2 Mary Estella Bream (1881 1968)...................................................................... 1 7.3 Willis Ivan Bream (1882 1975) ........................................................................ 1 7.4 Bertie Julie May Gula Bream (1887 - 1888).................................................... 2 7.5 Horace Ezra Bream (1889 1890) ...................................................................... 2 7.6 Harry Samuel Bream (1892 1991).................................................................... 3 7.7 Myrna Mazell Bream (1897 1993) ................................................................... 7

V. APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 1 Appendix 1 Ancestors of Catherine UNKNOWN wife of Heinrich Bream......... 1 Appendix 2 Ancestors of UNKNOWN wife of Jacob Bream .............................. 1 Appendix 3 Ancestors of Barbara Leathers wife of Henry Bream....................... 1 Appendix 4 Ancestors of Catherine Phlieger wife of Jacob Bream ..................... 1 Appendix 5 Ancestors of Mary Arnold wife of Daniel Bream............................. 1 Appendix 6 Ancestors of Emma Cooley wife of Ezra Bream.............................. 1 Appendix 7 Ancestors of Kathryn Taughinbaugh wife of Harry Bream.............. 1

I. ORIGINS Heinrich Bream emigrated from Germany in the mid-18th century, during a time of heavy immigration from the region. It is not known for certain where Heinrich was from in Germany. The ship list generated on his arrival in Philadelphia indicates that Heinrich and his fellow passengers were Palatines. It is entirely likely that Heinrich was from the Palatinate in Germany, significant numbers of

immigrants in this time period came from that region. Unfortunately, during the time of Heinrichs immigration, the Pennsylvania authorities used the term Palatine to refer to any person emigrating from Germany, regardless of their place of origin.1 The areas of heaviest emigration during the early 18th century included the area along both sides of the middle Rhine River and its tributaries, the Main, Mosel and Neckar Rivers.2 In addition to the Palatinate, this area encompassed the districts of Darmstadt and Hanau, Franconia (including the area around the cities of Nuremburg, Baireuth and Wurzburg), the Archbishopric of Mayence, the Archbishopric of Treves, Wrttemberg, and the districts of Spires, Worms, Hesse-Darmstadt, Zweibrucken, Nassau, Alsace and Baden.

Areas of Highest 18th Century German Emigration3

The Palatinate was divided between two small territorial clusters: the Rhenish, or Lower, Palatinate (Rhenish Pfalz) and the Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz). The Lower Palatinate was located in southwest Germany encompassing both sides of the middle Rhine

River between its Main and Neckar River tributaries (see map on next page4). The Upper Palatinate was located in north Bavaria, on both sides of the Naab River as it flows south toward the Danube River. The Lower Palatinate was the more important region for immigration to Pennsylvania in the 18th century.

1 Frank Ried Diffenderffer, The German Emigration into Pennsylvania through the Port of Philadelphia from 1700 to 1775 (Baltimore, MD, 1977) 2 The history in this section is a synthesis of information from Walter Allen Knittle, Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigrations (Philadelphia,

PA, 1937) and The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI, online edition, 2003 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11415b.htm

3 http://www.progenealogist.com/germanemigration.htm 4 Don Yoder, Rhineland Emigrants: Lists of German Settlers in Colonial America (Baltimore, MD, 1981), 291.

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Heidelberg Castle in 16845

The Lower Palatinate was the land of the count palatine. In early medieval Germany, counts palatine served as stewards of royal territories in the absence of the Holy Roman emperors. In 1356 they won the right to participate in the election of the emperor and were thereafter known as the electors palatine, the leading secular princes of the Holy

Roman Empire. The capital of the Palatinate until the 18th century was at Heidelberg. The Palatinate remained Roman Catholic during the early Reformation but adopted Calvinism in the 1560s when the lands and electoral power passed to Elector Frederick III (1559-1576) of the Palatinate-Simmern line. His grandson Elector Frederick IV (1592-

Modern view of Heidelberg Castle6

1610) championed Protestantism, becoming the head of the Protestant military alliance known as the Evangelical Union in 1608. His son Elector Frederick Vs (1610-1623) acceptance of the Bohemian crown in 1619 contributed to the beginning of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). Frederick lost Bohemia and his German lands and electoral power in 1623, which were given to Bavaria. At the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the Lower Palatinate and electoral power were restored to Frederick Vs son Elector Karl Ludwig (1648-1680), but the Upper Palatinate remained with Bavaria.

5 http://mediaspec.com/castles/rhein/

6 http://mediaspec.com/castles/rhein/

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Elector Karl Philip7

In 1685 the government of the Lower Palatinate passed to the Catholic line of Palatinate-Neuberg with the ascension of Elector Philip Wilhelm (1685-1690). The elector at Heinrich Breams birth was Philip Wilhelms son, Elector Johann Wilhelm (1690-1716). Johann Wilhelms brother, Elector Karl Phillip (1716-1742), was in power at the time of Heinrichs emigration. Because of friction with Protestants in Heidelberg, Karl Philip transferred the capital of the Palatinate from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1720, where he constructed an ornate palace in the French style.

Palace at Mannheim8

There were probably several reasons leading to the mass migration of Germans from the Palatinate and surrounding regions to America in the early to mid 18th century. The area was the scene of near constant warfare over the previous century. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was particularly devastating to the region although the area rebounded quickly under the leadership of Elector Karl Ludwig. The respite was short lived as the Palatinate came under repeated assault from the armies of Louis XIV of France in 1674 and during the War for Reunions (1683-1684), the War of the Grand Alliance (1689-1697) and again in 1707 in the War for Spanish Succession (1701-1714). To add to the devastation caused by repeated invasions, an extraordinarily cold winter in 1708-1709 led directly to one of the first big waves of German emigration to America in late 1709. A third contributing factor was the heavy taxation during this time period as rulers in Germany sought to emulate the extravagance of Louis XIV at Versailles. A fourth reason was religious persecution although this may not have been as significant a reason as sometimes supposed.9 In the early 18th century the principle of Cuius region eius religio, which was established in 1555 at the Peace of Augsburg, was still the official policy of the government. It recognized three churches: Catholic, Lutheran and Calvinist. It also provided that the religion of the ruler should be the religion of the people. As a result, the Neuberg line which was in power during Heinrichs lifetime did tend to favor Catholics over Protestants. The emigrants from the earlier part of the 18th century however (~1710) did not report religious persecution as a factor in their choosing to emigrate.10 It is not known if it became more significant by 1740 when Heinrich

7 Ralph Beaver Strassburger and William John Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers: A Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808. Volume 1, (Rockport, ME, 1992), 360 8 http://www.schloesser-magazin.de/eng/objekte/ma/ma_saekue.php 9 Walter Allen Knittle, Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigrations (Philadelphia, PA, 1937), 6-11 10 Ibid, 11

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left. In addition to the conditions in the Palatinate itself, emigration was actively assisted by England as part of its attempts to secure religious and civil rights for Protestants on the European continent. On March 23, 1709 England passed its first general naturalization law for naturalizing foreign born Protestants. The bill included provisions that all children of naturalized parents were to be considered natural-born subjects, that naturalized citizens were allowed to purchase land which could be transmitted to their children, and that naturalized citizens were permitted to take part in trade and commerce. An additional cause of emigration for many Germans was the desire to acquire land for themselves that could then be passed on to their children. This desire for land was fed by numerous pamphlets then in circulation throughout the Rhine Valley extolling the virtues of the New World. William Penn himself had made several trips to the Rhine region, and German translations of his brief description of the new province were in circulation within the Rhine Valley. Penn had offered to sell one hundred acres of land for two English pounds and a low rental. Agents for the English proprietors of the American Colonies were sent throughout the Palatinate to induce emigration. These companies had received large bounties in land from the government and were anxious to recruit colonists to settle their lands and make them revenue producing. Not all of these agents were reputable however and some actively

defrauded unsuspecting emigrants. These less than reputable agents were known to the

Title page of German Version of William Penns Letters11

Dutch as Zeilverkooper, or soul-sellers, but to the Germans as Neulanders or Newlanders.12 Many Germans were induced to emigrate based on letters from earlier emigrants sent back to Germany which provided favorable reports of the New World. There were those however who used this same process to dupe unsuspecting emigrants. Unscrupulous shipmasters would sometimes destroy or alter letters sent back to Germany that described anything negative about the New World. In addition, in Germany a business grew around forging letters presenting a favorable impression of the New World.13

11 Knittle, Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigrations 35 12 Diffenderffer, The German Emigration into Pennsylvania, 171. 13 Sharon V Salinger, To Serve Well and Faithfully: Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania 1682-1800, (Bowie, MD, 2000), 85

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George Christofel Brehm: A Possible Family for Heinrich Bream George Christofel Brehm was born on June 8, 1707 in Weisbaden, Germany. Weisbaden was located near Frankfurt on the Main River in the Hessen-Nassau district of Germany. He was the son of Johann Nicholas Brehm and Maria Elisabetha Ambrosius. He immigrated on the ship Edinburgh on September 16, 1751, settling in the vicinity of Adamstown, Lancaster County where he died in June of 1782. Many of his descendents moved on to North Carolina. There is at least one personal family tree which indicates George Christofel had three bothers, Heinrich, Peter and Jacob, although no documentary source of the information is given, so its authenticity cannot be verified. There are records for Breams with each of those Christian names emigrating from Germany: George Christofel in 1751 and Heinrich and Jacob in 1740. There were records for two Peter Breams immigrating: one in 1751 on board the Edinburgh with George Christofel who was probably Georges son Peter who would have been 17 years old at that time. A second Peter (age 39 years) immigrated on August 27, 1739 aboard the ship Samuel. This Peter settled in York County, where he died sometime before April of 1750 in Manchester Twp, York County. Other than these four Breams, the only other Bream appearing in the published ships lists is a Loui (Lodwick) Prim who immigrated on the ship Patience in 1753.14 Lodwick (Brem) appears to have settled in Berks County by the late 1750s. Thus far Ive found no interactions between George Christofel and either Heinrich or Peter in Pennsylvania that suggests that they were related. There is a possible connection between Peter and Heinrich however which hints at a possible familial relationship. Peters wife Anna Catharina was party in an Administration Bond to William Plumstead as part of the settlement of her husband Peters estate in 1750.15 In addition to Anna Catharina, Andrew Swartz and Bartholomew Maul were also parties to the bond. Heinrich Bream and his wife Catherine were sponsors of the baptism of Andrew Swartzs son Heinrich in 1751.16 Peter and Heinrich were also both present in the records of Christs Lutheran Church in the city of York.17 So circumstantial evidence suggests that there may have been a relationship between Peter and Heinrich. Based on their respective ages, this relationship could have been as brothers. It is still not known for certain whether either of these immigrants was related to each other or was related in any way to the family of George Christofel.

14 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers. Volume 1 , 526 15 Estate papers of Peter Prem, York County Historical Society 16 Kieth A Dull, Early German Settlers of York County, Pennsylvania (Bowie, MD, 2003), 362 17 Marlene S Bates and F Edward Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records of the 18th Century, Vol 2 (Westminster, MD, 2001)

II. IMMIGRATION

1. The Journey Heinrich and his family probably began their trip in the spring (most likely May or June) of 1740. Having decided to leave Germany, Heinrich would have been required to take official leave of the local government. If he owned property, he would have had to sell it and pay 10% of its value to the state treasury. If he was

living in vassalage he would have had to apply for manumission as well as permission to emigrate. Many emigrating families would often attend a final church service in their home parish to bid farewell to the community.18

Die Pfalz Castle on the Rhine River near Bacharach19

Heinrich would have had to secure passage for his family down the Rhine River to Rotterdam in Holland, probably initiating this journey further upstream on one of the Rhines tributaries. The trip down the Rhine often lasted 4-6 weeks, in part because of the numerous stops at custom houses, at least 36 between the cities of Heilbronn (just south of Heidelberg on the Neckar

River) and Rotterdam, where custom officials examined the ships and required the passengers to pay tolls. Once in Rotterdam there was a further delay of about 5-6 weeks, during which time families might spend the last of their money.20

Stolzenfels Castle on the Rhein River near Koblenz21

18 Yoder, Rhineland Emigrants: Lists of German Settlers in Colonial America, x.

19 http://mediaspec.com/castles/rhein/ 20 Gottlieb Mittelbergers Journey to Pennsylvania in the year 1750 and return to Germany in the year 1754, translated by Oscar Handlin and

John Clive (Cambridge, MA, 1960), 11.

21 http://mediaspec.com/castles/rhein/

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In Rotterdam, Heinrich would have had to secure passage on a ship to Pennsylvania by striking a

(from Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania Pioneers; p. 424)

bargain with a ships captain. If he had sufficient funds he could purchase his families passage outright. If he lacked the funds he would have had to sail as a redemptioner, either as an indentured servant who entered into a contract to serve a term of years to a master before setting sail, or as a free willer who agreed to sell themselves and their families upon arrival to repay the cost of their transportation.22 Heinrich secured passage on the ship Loyal Judith which was

commanded by Lovell Paynter. The Loyal Judith was a type of ship referred to as a pink which was in reference to its having a narrow stern. The Loyal Judith made at least 5 trips transporting German emigrants to Pennsylvania between the years of 1732 to 1743.23 It is not clear if Lovell Paynter made other voyages transporting German immigrants. There are records of an Edward Paynter who made crossings in September of 1738 commanding the Winter Galley and in September of 1739 commanding the Loyal Judith24. Its unknown whether Lovell and Edward are in fact the same person. Conditions were often overcrowded on the ships the people are packed densely, like herrings, so to say, in the large sea vessels. One person receives a place scarcely two feet wide and six feet long in a bedstead, while many a ship carries four to six hundred souls; not to mention the innumerable implements, tools, provisions, water barrels and other things which likewise occupy much space.25 Leaving Rotterdam, probably sometime in August of 1740, the Loyal Judith first sailed to the port of Deal, on the southeast coast of England near Dover. Depending on the winds, this View of Rotterdam Harbor - 1729

22 Diffenderffer, The German Emigration into Pennsylvania, 171.

23 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers. Volume 3, 218: 24 Ibid, Volume 1, 198,264.

25 Mittelbergers Journey, 11.

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trip could take from 2 to 4 weeks. Once in Deal there was often another delay of 1 to 2 weeks when the ships were waiting either to be passed through the custom house or waiting for favorable winds. In Deal everything would have been reexamined and additional custom charges levied. For many families this meant spending the last of their money. Families that had planned to arrive in Pennsylvania free, would often times end up as redemptioners instead.26

Sailing Vessel of the Eighteenth Century

While not always the case, the ocean voyage proper was often perilous. As Gottlieb Mittelberger writes, When the ships have for the last time weighed their anchors [], the real misery begins.27 The passengers were often without proper food and water, and diseases such as dysentery, scurvy, typhoid and smallpox were common. Children were the most vulnerable and died in large numbers.28 In some instances these poor conditions were simply the result of bad luck, such as unfavorable winds, but in other cases the results were premeditated. Because transportation rules specified that if a passenger survived the half-way point in the journey the family was responsible for the cost of the passage, whether or not they ultimately survived, unscrupulous

captains would only provide sufficient provisions for half of the journey, literally starving the passengers during the final half of the journey.29 Estimates for the mortality rate of the German emigrants during the voyages range from 20 to 50%.30

Excerpts from Gottlieb Mittlebergers account of his voyage to Pennsylvania During the voyage there is on board these ships terrible misery, stench, fumes, horror, vomiting, many kinds of sickness, fever, dysentery, headache, heat, constipation, boils, scurvy, cancer mouth-rot and the like, all of which come from the old and sharply salted food and meat, also from very bad and foul water so that many die miserably. Add to this, want of provisions, hunger, thirst, cold, heat, dampness, anxiety, want, afflictions and lamentations, together with other troubles such as lice which abound so plentifully, especially on sick people, that they can be scraped off the body. The misery reaches the climax when a gale rages for two or three days and nights, so that everyone believes that the ship will go to the bottom. Children from one to seven years rarely survive the voyage; and many a time parents are compelled to see their children miserably suffer and die from hunger, thirst and sickness, and then cast into the water. I witnessed such misery in no less than thirty-two children in our ship, all of whom were thrown into the sea. That most of the people get sick is not surprising, because, in addition to all other trials and hardships, warm food is served only three times a week, the rations being very poor and very small. These meals can hardly be eaten on account of being so unclean. The water which is served out on the ships is often very black, thick and full of worms, so that one cannot drink it without loathing, even with the greatest thirst. Toward the end we were compelled to eat the ships biscuit which had been spoiled long-ago; though in a whole biscuit there was scarcely a piece the size of a dollar that had not been full of red worms and spiders nests. Great hunger and thirst force us to eat and drink everything; but many do so at the risk of their lives.31

26 Salinger, To Serve Well and Faithfully, 88 27 Gottlieb Mittelbergers Journey to Pennsylvania in the year 1750 and return to Germany in the year 1754, translated by Carl Theo Eben (Philadelphia, PA, 1888), 18. 28 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers:, Volume 1. xxxiv 29 Salinger, To Serve Well and Faithfully, 94 30 Ibid, 93 31 Mittelbergers Journey to Pennsylvania translated by Carl Theo Eben (Philadelphia, PA, 1888),

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When the ships finally reached the Delaware River and Philadelphia was in sight, many ships had to endure yet another delay. Each ship was visited by a health officer. If any passengers with infectious diseases were discovered on board, the ship was required to remove one mile from the city.32 Passengers could often remain onboard for another 2 to 3 weeks during which time many of the sick died.33

2. Arrival The Loyal Judith arrived in Philadelphia on Friday, November 25, 1740. It is not known who else Heinrich may have been traveling with. While many ship lists recorded wives and children as well, the ship list for the Loyal Judith only recorded males greater than 16 years. In addition to Heinrich (who was listed as 40 years old)

the list also recorded a Jacob Bream, probably Heinrichs son. Jacob was listed as 18 years old. If Heinrich was traveling with any other male children, they must have been under 16 years old.

View of Philadelphia Harbor in 176834

Heinrich probably carried with him a passport which all emigrants were supposed to be provided. The passport of Andrew Lorentz provides an example:

We, the Burgomaster and Council of the city of Chur in the Canton of the Grisons, confess herewith that, through the grace of God, we enjoy at present in our city and neighboring places, a good, healthy and pure air and that no dangerous plague or infectious disease prevails. In testimony whereof the bearer of this, Mr. Andrew Lorentz, a citizen here, and single, who intends to travel to Amsterdam, for the purposes of business, has been given this certificate, provided with the seal of our chancery, so that he may pass and repass at all places, freely and unimpeded. Given the 8th of September 1784.35

Heinrich may have also carried a letter of recommendation, issued by the pastor of Heinrichs church in the Palatinate. An example is provided by the letter carried by John Michael Paulus:

The bearer of this letter, John Michael Paulus, hitherto a member of our congregation at Essenheim and Catharine, his lawful wife, both members of our Church, Reformed according to the Word of God, are willing and have the intention, in the name of God, to undertake the journey to the American

32 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers. Volume 1. xxxv 33 Salinger, To Serve Well and Faithfully, 90 34 http://www.mapsofpa.com/18thcentury/1768jeffreyssh.jpg 35 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers:. Volume 1. xxxviii

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Colonies, belonging to England, that they may find there a more abundant livelihood. They are herewith commended, upon their difficult and dangerous journey, to the protection of the Almighty, the love of our faithful Savior Jesus Christ and the communion of the Holy Spirit, to keep them in body and soul. I recommend them faithfully to all ecclesiastical and secular authorities, as well to the Christian and charitable consideration of every person. Given at Essenheim in the Electoral Palatinate, near the city of Mayence, May 2, 1742. J. Radernher, pastor of the Reformed Church here.36

(from Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania Pioneers)

After the ship docked, the immigrants were led in procession to the courthouse where they signed the Oath of Allegiance and the Oath of Abjuration in the presence of the Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania, George Thomas and the Mayor of Philadelphia, Samuel Hassell. Heinrich signed his own name at the bottom of the document and spelled his last name Brem, Brim or possibly Breem.37 Jacob apparently could not write. His name was written by a clerk and he ascribed to the oath by making his mark beside his name.

The Oath of Allegiance We Subscribers, Natives and Late Inhabitants of the Palatinate upon the Rhine & Places adjacent, having transported ourselves and Families into this Province of Pensilvania (sic), a Colony subject to the Crown of Great Britain, in hopes and Expectation of finding a Retreat & peaceable Settlement therein, Do Solemnly promise & Engage, that We will be faithful & bear true Allegiance to his present MAJESTY KING GEORGE THE SECOND, and his Successors, Kings of Great Britain, and will be faithful to the Proprietor of this Province; And that we will demean ourselves peaceably to all His said Majesties Subjects, and strictly observe & conform to the Laws of England and of this Province, to the utmost of our Power and best of our understanding.38

Heinrich and Jacob also affixed their signathe Oath of Abjuration. Heinrich again sighimself, with the spelling of his surname apto be Breem, while Jacob again providedby his name which was written by a clerk.

tures to ned for

pearing his mark 39

36 Ibid, Volume 1. xxxviii

1

37 Ibid, Volume 2. 289 38 Ibid:, Volume 1. 4 39 Ibid, Volume 2. 29

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The Oath of Abjuration

I _____ do solemnly & sincerely promise &declare that I will be true & faithful tGeorge the Second and do sosincerely and truly Profess Testifie

o Kinglemnly(sic) &

Declare that I do from my heart abho& renounce as impious & heretical thatwicked Doctrine & Position that Excommunicated or deprived by the P

r, detest

Princesope or

any Authority of the See of Rome may bedeposed or murthered (sic) by their Sor any other whatsoever. And I do that no Forreign (sic) Prince Person

ubjectsdeclarePrelate

State or Potentate hath or ought to hPower Jurisdiction Superiority Preem

ave anyinence

or Authority Ecclesiastical or Swithin the Realm of Great BritainDominions thereunto belonging.

I ____ do solemnly sincerely anacknowledge profess testify & declaKing George the Second is lawful & King of the Realm of Great Britain &others his Dominions & Countries

piritual or the

d trulyre that

rightful of all

thereuntobelonging, And I do solemnly & sincerely

Personing the

declare that I do believe the pretending to be Prince of Wales durLife of the late King James, and siDecease pretending to be & takinhimself the Stile & Title of King of E

nce hisg uponngland

by the name of James the thirdScotland by the name of James the Ei

, or ofghth or

the Stile & Title of Great Title whatsothe Crown of the Realm of Great Brit

ever toain, nor

any of the Dominions thereunto belonging.And I do renounce & refuse any Allegianceor obedience to him & do solemnly promisethat I will be true and faithful, & bearallegiance to King George the Second

true & to

Oath of Abjuration40

him will faithful against all traitorouCrown & Dignity & I will do my besSuccessors all Treasons and traitorouswill be true & faithful to the Successthe same is & stands settled by An Athe Succession of the Crown to the laone other Act Entituled (sic) An Act fof the subject is & stands settled & elate said Queen, to the late Princess Sophbeing Protestants; and all thes

s Conspiracies & attempts made against his Person t Endeavours (sic) to disclose & make known to King George the Second & his Conspiracies which I shall Know to be made against him or any of them. And I ion of the Crown against him the said James & all other Persons whatsoever as ct Entitled An Act declaring the Rights & Liberties of the Subject & settling

te Queen Anne & the Heirs of her Body being Protestants, and as the same by or the further Limitation of the Crown & better securing the Rights & Liberties ntailed after the Decease of the said late Queen, & for Default of Issue of the

ia Electoress & Dutchess Dowager of Hannover & the Heirs of her Body e things I do plainly & sincerely acknowledge promise & declare according to these

ording to the plain & common Sense and understanding of the same Words, Equivocation mental Evasion or secret Reservation whatsoever. And I do make this Recognition

whatsoever which shall be

express Words by me spoken & accwithout any Acknowledgement Renunciation & Promise heartily willingly & truly.41

40 http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/oathsfidelity.asp

41 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers. Volume 1: 4-6

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Following the signing of the Oaths, all of the immigrants were brought back to the ship. Announcements were printed in the newspapers stating how many of the new arrivals were to be sold. If Heinrich had paid for his passage he would have been free to go at this point. If not, buyers would have come aboard ship to inspect the remaining passengers and bargain with them for indentures for a certain number of years. The buyer would pay for the immigrants passage and other debts and receive from the government a document which made the immigrant the buyers property for a finite period.42 One final insult endured by many of these immigrants, when leaving the ship with their possessions they often found that their chests were missing or their possessions had been stolen. Sometimes their belongings had never made it on board.43

Further Accounts of Gottlieb Mittleberger When the ships have landed at Philadelphia after their long voyage no one is permitted to leave them except those who pay for their passage or can give good security; the others who cannot pay must remain on board the ships till they are purchased, and are released from the ships by their purchasers. The sick always fare the worst, for the healthy are naturally preferred and purchased first; and so the sick and wretched must often remain on board in front of the city for two or three weeks, and frequently die, whereas many a one if he could pay his debt and was permitted to leave the ship immediately, might recover. Every day Englishmen, Dutchmen and high German people come from the city of Philadelphia and other places, some of great distance [] and go on board the newly arrived ship that has brought and offers for sale passengers from Europe, and select among the healthy persons such as they deem suitable for their business, and bargain with them how long they will are still in debt. serve for their passage money, for which most of them When they have come to an agree emselves in writing to serve three, ment, it happens that adult persons bind thfour or six years for the amount due by them according to their age and strength. But very young people, from ten to fifteen years, must serve until they are twenty-one years old. Many persons must sell and trade away their children [] for if their children take the debt upon themselves, the parents can leave the ship free and unrestrained; but as the parents often do not know where and to what people their children are going, it often happens that such parents and children, after leaving the ship do not see each other again for years, perhaps no more in all their lives. When people arrive who cannot make themselves free, but have children under five years of age, they cannot free themselves by them; for such children must be given to somebody without compensation to be brought up, and they must serve for their bringing up till they are twenty-one years old. Children from five to ten years, who pay half-price for their passage, must likewise serve for it until they are twenty-one years old; they cannot, therefore, redeem their parents by taking the debt of the latter upon themselves. But children above ten years can take part of their parents debts upon themselves. A woman must stand for her husband if he arrives sick, and in a like manner a man for his sick wife, and take the debt upon herself or himself, and thus serve five or six years not alone for his or her debt, but also for that of the sick husband or wife. But if both are sick, such persons are sent from the ship to the hospital, but not until it appears probable that they will find no purchasers. As soon as they are well again they must serve for their passage or pay if they have the means. It often happens that whole families, husband, wife and children, are separated by being sold to different purchasers, especially when they have not paid any part of their passage money.44

ll and Faithfully, 90 anslated by Carl Theo Eben (Philadelphia, PA, 1888),

42 Ibid. Volume 1. xxxvii 43 Salinger, To Serve We44 Mittelbergers Journey to Pennsylvania in, tr

III-1

II

1. r

the Pennsylvania records for approximately the first decade

th t does not prove it. The first record of Heinrich in the New World is from 1751 which places him near Yorktown (city of York) in York County. Several other possible family members (based on circumstantial evidence only; see Section III-2) are also active in York County during this time period, specifically Manchester, Hellam and Lower Windsor Twps. This concentration of activity would put the family in the region of York County just west of the Susquehanna River. Heinrichs migration westward from Philadelphia to the west side of the Susquehanna River would have naturally followed the roads available in the time period prior to 1751. The most direct route to York County at that time would have been the Lancaster Road from Philadelphia to Lancaster, continuing westward to the Susquehanna River at Wrights Ferry (see 1749 Evans Map of Pennsylvania). The familys concentration of activities around the area of this ferry suggests they may have crossed at or near that location. John Wrights Ferry had been in operation since 1730.45 On the western bank of the Susquehanna River, the Old Monocacy Road led directly from the ferry to Yorktown (see 1770 map of York County Roads and Ferries). Built in 1739, the Old Monocacy Road was the oldest road in York County. Passing through Yorktown, it continued through Hanover and Littlestown before heading into Maryland and Virginia. It was one of the main routes taken by settlers migrating from Philadelphia into Western Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas.46 Another crossing was at Andersons Ferry, located just upstream from Wrights Ferry near the present city of Marietta. Andersons Ferry was established in 1730. The Accomac Road, which led from the ferry to the Old Monacacy Road, was built in 1748.47 There was a possible association of Heinrichs family with the Conojohela settlement south of Wrights Ferry (see Section III-2). Located in the current Lower Windsor Twp, the Conojohela settlement on the Conojohela and Cabin Creeks and the Kreutz settlement just to the north on Kreutz (or Grist) Creek were two of the earliest settlements west of the Susquehanna River.48 A ferry operated by Thomas Cressap (later referred to as the Blue Rock Ferry) was established in the area of these settlements prior to 1737.49 Its possible that Heinrich and his family could have crossed the Susquehanna here and possibly spent some time in the settlement.

I. SETTLEMENT

The First Decade 1740 to 1750 Apart from the record of their arrival in November of 1740, neitheHeinrich, Jacob nor any other potential members of their family have beenidentified in after their arrival. Their absence from the records would be consistent with

em spending some period of time after their immigration as indentured servants, although i

45 George R Prowell, History of York County Pennsylvania (Chicago, IL, 1907), Volume 1, Part I. 05. 46 Robert L Bloom, A History of Adams County, Pennsylvania 1700-1990 (Gettysburg, PA, 1992), 30.

47 Prowell, History of York County, Volume 1, Part I.. 105

48 Charles H Glatfelter, Pastors and People: German Lutheran and Reformed Churches in the Pennsylvania Field, 1717-1793, Volume I, Pastors and

Congregations (Breinigsville, PA, 1980), 461.

49 Prowell, History of York County, Volume 1, Part I. 106.

Page

Page III-2

Pennsy

Lewis Evans 1749 Map of lvania50

/1749evans.jpg 50 http://www.mapsofpa.com/18thcentury

Page III-3

York County Roads and Ferries as shown in W. Sculls map of 177051

a.jpg 51 http://www.mapsofpa.com/18thcentury/1777fadenatlasp

There is a possible reference to Jacob Bream that would place him in Bethel Twp, Lancaster County (now part of Berks and Lebanon Counties) in 1755 (see Section III-2). If this is true it suggests that Heinrich and Jacob may not have been traveling together. Jacob may have taken a more northerly road west, leading up through Reading. It is also conceivable that Heinrich was traveling with Jacob as well, but went on ahead into York County. If Jacob was truly in Bethel Twp, he may have made his way back down to Lancaster before heading west across the Susquehanna, or he could have crossed on the several ferries nearer to Harrisburg (Harris Town; see 1749 map). John Harris established a ferry at the site of Harrisburg in 1733.52 Roads linking Harrisburg to York were in place by 1745.53 Other ferries operating between Harriss Ferry in the north and Andersons Ferry in the south included William Chesneys Ferry near New Market, Robert Chambers Ferry below New Cumberland (est. 1735), Nathan Husseys Ferry near Goldsboro (est. 1738), and Joshua Lowes Ferry above the falls at York Haven (est. 1737).54

2. The Second Decade 1751 to 1760 There are a handful of references to Breams in York County during the 1750s that

ntial relationships between the several individuals mentioned. Heinrich Bream is mentioned in a record from Christs Lutheran Church in York. This is the only record of Heinrich Bream in the New World that has been

Heinrich Bream

hint at pote

identified.

The church records indicate that on November 17, 1751, Heinrich (Brehm) and his wife Catherine sponsored the baptism of Heinrich Swartz, the son of Andrew (Andreas) and Anna rgaret Swartz.55 The pastor was probably Helfrich Schaum who was the pastor of the church at that time

Ma

Christ Lutheran Church, York

A Lutheran church was organized in York, shortly after the founding of t ity, in 1741 with John Casper Stoever as its pastor. Stoever had been pasto to the people of the area since at least as he traveled throughout the newly settled area. During the years prior to the churches founding, Bartholomew Maul ducted religious services during evers absence; he also taught the first oc school connected with the church. The first church structure was built 743-4 from logs. The cornerstone for the stchurch (shown right) was laid on Jun 1761 and completed in 1762. schoolhouse is shown to the right rea the church.57

56

he c

ring1733

conSto

par

in 1

hial

one e 2,Ther of

52 Ibid, Volume 1, Part I. 105

53 Ibid, Volume 1, Part I. 98-100

54 Ibid, Volume 1, Part I. 105

55 Dull, Early German Settlers of York County, 362 56 Glatfelter, Pastors and People: German Lutheran and Reformed Churches in the Pennsylvania Field, 1717-1793, Volume II The History. 185.57 Ibid Vol I . 476-481.

Page III-4

(1748-1754).58 This is the only record of Heinrichs wifes name.

Andrew (Andreas) Swartz Family Andrew Swartz was born in Germany around 1720. Its not known when he emigrated, although he may have been a son of the Andreas Swartz who emigrated on the ship Friendship on October 16, 1727. Of the 52 adult males listed on the Friendships register, 10 were listed as sick and 6 were listed as dead.59 An Abraham Swartz was also on board. Andrew Swartz named one of his sons Abraham suggestive of a possible link of Andrew to these Swartzs. Andrew was living in Shrewsbury Twp, York County by 1762. This is the same Andrew Swartz who was a party, along with Catherine Prem and Bartholomew Maul (the schoolmaster), in an Administration Bond to William Plumstead as part of the settlement to Catherine Prems husband Peters (possibly Heinrichs brother; see Section I Origins) estate in 1750.60 Two 8th generation descendents of Andrew Swartz, Viola Fiscel and Clarence Swartz, married 8th generation descendents of Heinrich Bream (see Section IV-7.6).

Peter Bream A descendenLutheran ChuOctober 14, 17

on January 22, 1760. Justina died shortly after the birth of her

at Christ Lutheran

t of Peter and Catherine Prem (Brehm) also appears in the records for Christ rch. The records document the death of Peter and Catherines daughter Justina on 60 and her burial two days later.61 Justina was born on March 2, 1742 and was

married to George Beck

Title page of 18th century Lutheran hymnal62

daughter Christina Beck. Christinas baptism is also recorded

Church. Christina was baptized on the same day of her birth, October 6, 1760.63 Witnesses were George Becks parents George and Anna Susanna Beck. Lucas Raus was most likely the pastor involved (served 1758-1763 at Christ Lutheran Church).64

58 Ibid, Vol I, 481.

59 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers:. Volume 1. 16 ork County Historical Society

unty, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 285

d People, Vol I. 481

60 Estate papers of Peter Prem, Y61 Bates and Wright, York Co62 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I. 446 63 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 169 64 Glatfelter, Pastors an

Page III-5

Anna Catherine Bream The death of an Anna Catherine Bream (Brehm) is recorded in the register for Christ Lutheran Church. She died on May 9, 175 65 Rev. John

el Schwerdtfeger was likely presiding at her bur ars old. Given 3 and was buried the following day in the city.

ial.66 She was listed as 54 yeSamuthat both Heinrich and Peters wives were named Catherine and that both had at least some association with the church, it cannot be concluded which Catherines death is being recorded. Anna Maria Bream Another Bream in the York County records from the 1750s is Anna Maria Bream (Bremm). Anna Maria, along with Jacob Henrich (childs uncle), sponsored the baptism of Jacob Henrich in 1755. Jacob was the son of Nicholas and Margaretha Henrich (Henry). Nicholas had settled in Shrewsbury Twp by 1762 and possibly as ear

67

ly as 1754.68

ember 18, 1755. The baptism the register for Schusters Union Church

regarding Andrew Swartz) and the sister of Henrich Swartz whose baptism was sponsored by Heinrich and Catherine Bream.70 Anna Maria (Brehm) was married to Johannes (Mathias) Demuth on February 15, 1757. Their wedding is recorded in the church register for Candochly Union Church in Lower Windsor Twp.71 They were married by

Schusters Union Church

63,

for a cJohn NicHenry, took oupropertyThis wachurch wpropertywas est1763.72

Jacob (Jr) was born on Decis recorded inin Shrewsbury (now Springfield) Twp, York County in 1768 but may have occurred elsewhere.69 Jacob

The best documented evidence suggests that Schusters Union

married Anna Catharina Swartz, the daughter of Church was organized in 17althougAndrew and Anna Margaretha Swartz (see note above h land had been set aside hurch as early as 1753.

holas Helle and Nicholas trustees for the church, t a warrant for the on November 24, 1768. rrant indicates that a as already built on the

. The first parish register ablished in January of

John Samuel Schwerdtfeger (served 1755-1758). Rev. Schwerdtfeger had been the pastor at Christ Lutheran Church from 175Anna Maria had their son Abraham baptized in Christ Lutheran ChurcRaus most likely presided; he was also the pastor at Canadocholy Un(served 1758-1763).75 Also married at Conodochly Union Church by Jacob Phlieger and Anna Maria Catherine Traut (married February 25, 1

3-1754.73 Mathias and h in 1759.74 Rev. Lucas

ion Church at that time Rev. Schwerdtfeger was

755).76 Jacobs daughter

65 Bates and Wright,

Glatfelter, Pasto

Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 1 , 1 Mary Marshall Brewer, Land Records of York County Pennsylvania 1746-1764 (Lewes, Deleware, 2004), 106.

69 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I 475

ounty, 313 125

vania Church Records, Vol 2 , 164

ania Church Records, Vol 1 , 125

York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 278 rs and People, Vol I 481 66

67

68

70 Dull, Early German Settlers of York C71 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 3 , 72 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I. 475 73 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I 481

74 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsyl75 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I 462

76 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylv

Page III-6

Maria Catherine, who was baptized at Christ Lutheran Church in 1780,77 married Heinrich

er (served 1755-1758) who established the first church register in 1755. He was followed by Lucas Raus

-1763. Services were originally conducted in a schoolhouse, with the first church

Breams great-grandson Jacob.

Canadochly Union Church Canadochly Union Church was organized about 1753. The first pastor was John Samuel Schwerdtfeg

who served from 175878built about 1764.

Circumstantial evidence and physical proximity suggest that Anna Maria was related to

r Cou ty had a daughter Anna Maria n to have married John Steinhauser by

rried, s e would have been born prior to ted to

Heinrich Bream. George Christophel Bream in Lancaste nMargaretha of about the appropriate age but she is know1756. Assuming Anna Maria was at least 18 when she maHeinrichs emigration. Given her age, if she was reladaughter.

hHeinrich she was most likely a

Jacob Bream The first possible mention of Jacob Bream (Brehm) in the Casper Stoevers private register documenting the baLancaster (now Berk

Pennsyptism

s and Lebanon) County.79 Margaretha Eliz The sponsors were

with Hity of

nd Twp

n Septem er 28, 1759 in Warrington Twp,

York County.81 It is unclear for how long Jacob may have occupied the property before obtaining the survey. The original warrant for the land had been issued to John Smith for 100 acres on April 1, 175182. The land had been occupied since about 1746. This is the first record of any Bream establishing a permanent residence in the New World. Given that by this point Jacob had been living in Pennsylvania for almost 20 years, he had almost certainly been settled somewhere prior to this time as well; perhaps he had spent time living in Bethel Twp. Jacob would remain on this Warrington Twp property until his death in 1794. After Jacobs death the property was transferred to Abraham Miley. Neighbors at the time Jacob received his survey included Sebastian Keller, Andrew Paulley, Martin Huber, and the heirs of Joseph Ulrich. Neighbors in 1795 when Abraham Miley received a new survey of the property included Henry Weaver (formerly Frederick Rider received from Henry Flick), Michael Ulrich, John Davies and Henry Weaver.

lvania records is a record in John of a daughter in Bethel Twp, abetha was born on February 9, Robert Grain and wife. Its only

einrich. His location in Bethel the other members of Heinrichs , Berks County by 1757

1755 and was baptized on February 16, 1755.speculation that this is the Jacob Bream who emigratedTwp would place him outside the general sphere of activfamily at that time. A Lodwig Brem was living in Rocklapossible that this Jacob is related to him instead.

80 so its

Jacob Bream received a survey for 124 acres of land o b

77 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 218 78 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I 461 79 Records of Rev. John Casper Stoever: Baptismal and Marriage, 1730-1779 (Harrisburg, PA, 1896)

80 I Daniel Rupp, History of the Counties of Berks and Lebanon (Lancaster, PA, 1844), 243

81 York County Heritage Trust

82 Neal Otto Hively, Original Pennsylvania Land Record Series: Warrington and Washington Townships (2002), 57

Page III-7

Jacobs land was located just north of where the Bermudian Creek enters Conewago Creek near the McAllister Mill Road. This road, which led northwesterly out of York to Trents Gap (Mt Holly Springs Gap), had been opened in 1749 and provided a route into the Cumberland Valley. The property is near the current intersection of Winding Rd and Harmony Grove Rd on the Washington Twp/

Warrington Twp border. Nearby landholders included Frederick Leathers whose daughter Barbara would marry Jacobs son Henry, Frederick Rider whose daughter Hannah would marry

Page III-8

Page III-9

acobs son Jacob, and George Heiges whose son Valentine would marry Jacobs granddaughter Magdalena (daughter of Jacobs son Samuel) (see fold-out map at back).

A Note on the Pennsylvania Land Acquisition Process in the 18th Century83 Land acquisition in Pennsylvania in the 18th century involved five steps: The process was initiated with an (1) Application to Warrant to the Proprietors from interested settlers. This resulted in the issuance of a land warrant. A (2) Warrant was an official order from the colony to the Deputy Surveyor of the county to initiate a field survey of the described tract of land. The warrant certificate detailed the county, township, the person to whom the warrant was issued, the approximate acreage desired, and the date of issue. There would then follow the official (3) Survey that was authorized by the warrant. The (4) Application for Patent was a preliminary step that led to an official review prior to full granting of the Patent. During this step the property boundaries were reviewed for accuracy and validity. A (5) Patent was the official granting of full, clear release and title of the land by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania. This step was always at the owners initiative. Some families delayed applying for a Patent until as late as the mid 1870s.

J

83 Ibid. 18-19.

IV. GENERATIONS

1. First Generation

1.1 Heinrich Bream (1700 1751-1762) Heinrich Bream was born ~1700 on November 25, 1u cumented to be in York County and had possibly settled there. Heinrich was able to write, at c He married Catherine (surname unknown). It is possible that Henrich's wife was named Catherine H ion with Catherine Hartzel who married Heinrichs great-grandson Henry. The date and location of Heinrich and C s of 1722 wo(with no male heir), son of Henry Lawrence Bream and grandson of Francis Bream, passed the chest to Glen Bream, son of Henry Lawrence Breams son Robert Bream. He is the most recent owner of the chest (circa 2004). On November 17, 1751, Heinrich Brehm and his wife Catherine sponsored the baptism of Heinrich Swartz, the son of Andrew (Andreas) and Anna Margaret Swartz (see Section III-2). Heinrich had the following children:

i. Jacob (1722 - 1794) m. UNK ii. Anna Maria (1780) m. Mathias Demuth

Heinrichs date of death is unknown, but he may have died prior to 1762 as he does not appear in the 1762 tax list for York County. His burial location is unknown. Heinrichs wife Catherine may be the Anna Catherine Brehm whose death was recorded in the register of Christ Lutheran Church, York. This Catherine Brehm died on May 9, 1753 and was buried the following day in the city. She was listed as 54 years old and therefore born in 1699. It is possible that this Catherine may have been the wife of Peter Prem instead, whose family was also active in Christ Lutheran Church at that time (see Section III-2).

in Germany. He emigrated to Pennsylvania740 aboard the Loyal Judith, Lovell Paynter, Commander. His whereabouts in Pennsylvania ntil 1751 are unknown. In 1751 he was do

least his name. He was the last male Bream for aouple of generations following to be able to write.

erschel although that is based on family legend only. This could be confus

atherines marriage are unknown although a dowry chest inscribed with the date 1722, whichpposedly belonged to Catherine, still exists in the Bream family. A marriage date uould be consistent with the ages of Heinrich and Catherine and also suggest that Jacob was the

ldest child. Her chest has been handed down to the eldest son of each generation. Mark Bream

IV-1.1

2. Second Generation Children of Heinrich Bream and Catherine

) Jacob Bream was born ~1722 in Germany. He emigrated to Pennsylvania with his father

rd the Loyal Judith, Lovell Paynter, Commander. The

ow Berks and Lebanon) County in 1755. He rrington Twp, York County on September 28, 1759

s reported as not possessing property in 1788 (other than one horse and one cow), and this

f his .

County (which adjoins Warrington Twp) from is in the records as James (English variant of Jacob)

, 1774. It is also possible that this well although Jacob Jrs age would seem to be too young.

s refers to this Jacob or his son. This may be a istake however as two Samuel Breams are listed in Warrington Twp, but there is only one

Bream known with this given name for this time period.

2.1 Jacob Bream (1722 1794

Heinrich on November 25, 1740 aboaidentity of Jacobs wife is unknown, however if the family followed the normal German naming conventions for their children her name may have been Maria. Her parents names may have been John/Samuel and Margaretha Elizabetha. Jacob may have been in Bethel Twp, Lancaster (nreceived a survey for 124 acres of land in Wa(see Section III-2). Jacob is included in the Warrington Twp Tax Lists for the years:

1762-1778 1779 - 100 acres, 2 horses, 3 cattle, 55 pounds tax 1780 - 120 acres, 2 horses, 3 cattle, 25 pounds tax 1781 - 125 acres, 2 horses, 2 cattle, 3 pounds tax 1782 - 125 acres, 2 horses, 2 cattle, 7 pounds tax 1783 - Either 90 or 100 acres, either 4 or 5 inhabitants (cannot distinguish from his son Jacob) 1784-1789

Jacob imay have been true as early as 1785-86. Son Samuel reappears in the Warrington Twp tax lists beginning in 1786 (see Section IV-3.1) so its possible Samuel took possession of at least part ofathers farm Jacob was deeded 50 acres in Dover Twp, YorkJoseph Taylor on April 17, 1772.84 He Brahm. Jacob conveyed the land to Dewalt Gonter on Oct 4could be Jacobs son Jacob as Two inhabitants can be accounted for in Jacobs household in 1783: Jacob and his daughter Catharina who does not seem to have been married yet. Sons Henry and Jacob were living on their own by 1783. It is possible that Jacob may have had his son Samuel and Samuels two young daughters living with him in 1783 (see Section IV-3.1). If true, it would mean Jacob Sr was the Jacob listed with 5 inhabitants in 1783. Only one Jacob is listed in the 1790 census for Warrington Twp and it is unknown whether thim

84 Neal Otto Hively, Original Pennsylvania Land Record Series: Dover and Conewago Townships (2002), 109

IV-2.1

Where Jacob worshipped is not known with certainty. He is noticeably absent from the church

Lower Berm

records, which may in part reflect that his children

urch in

Bermud n Church. Jacobs father was

udian Lutheran Church

The Lower Bermudian Lutheran Church was organized March 19, 1745 at the home

Bager (served 1753-1758). Rev. Lucas Raus began the register in 1758. He

ring part ork from 1758-

1763).86

were probably all born prior to his settling in Warrington Twp so that he would not have had to participate in activities such as baptisms which would generally result in entries in church registers. The Lutheran church in closest proximity to Jacob

ould have been Strayers Lutheran Ch

of Heinrich Weidenbach. Heinrich was the grandfather of Conrad Chronister. Conrads father Johannes was a Deacon of the church. The first pastors were Helfrich Schaum (served 1748-1753) and George

wDover Twp, York County which was established about 1757.85 There is no evidence of Jacob participating in this congregation however. The next

eran church would have been Lower

served the church from 1758-1774. Rev. Raus was also serving the congregation at Christ Lutheran Church York duof this period (served in Yclosest Luth

ian Luthera

associat in 1751. Jacob may have continued the associat ry and Jacob) married into families also associat of worship may have shifted to Lower Bermud urch are probably referring to this Jacob Bream. after Tr 787 and on the 23rd Sunday after Trinity in 1790.87 In support of the possibility that Jacob began worshiping at Lower Bermudian Lutheran Church, Jacobs neighbor George

ry Arnold married Jacobs great-grandson

ere Samuel, Henry, Jacob and Catharine nister) and grandson Jacob Chronister. Since his wife was not

ed with Christ Lutheran Church in York, at least ion with this church as at least two of his sons (Hened with this church. By 1783 Jacobs place ian Church. Two entries in the records of this ch A Jacob Bream (Brem, Brehm) is listed as one of the communicants on the 18th Sunday inity in 1

Heiges regularly attended the church.88 Georges son Valentine married Jacobs granddaughter Magdalena (daughter of Samuel; see Section IV-3.1). Other regular members of the Lower Bermudian Lutheran Church who were associated with Jacob Breams family include Johannes Chronister, whos son Conrad married Jacobs daughter Catherine (see Section IV-3.5) around 1783, and Peter Arnold whos granddaughter MaDaniel Bream (see Section IV-5.5). Jacob had the following children:

i. Samuel (1744-52 - 1800) m. UNK ii. Henry (1744-52 - 1828) m. Barbara Leathers

iii. Jacob (1750-55 1839) m. Hannah Reiter iv. Margaretha Elisabetha (1755 UNK) m. UNK v. Catharina (1756-65 1820-30) m. Conrad Chronister

Jacob died in 1794. His will was written on January 10, 1794 and witnessed by Jacob Bott, Henry Weber and Elihu Underwood. It was probated on June 9, 1794 in Warrington Twp.89 Executors were sons Samuel, Henry and Jacob. Children listed w(listed as wife of Conrad Chro

85 Glatfelter, Pastors and People, Vol I. 467

86 Ibid. Vol II. p. 224.

87 F Edward Wright, Adams County Church Records of the 18th Century, (Lewes, DE, 1989), 46-47

88 Ibid, 2-48

89 Estate file of Jacob Bream, York County Historical Society

IV-2.2

mentioned, it is likely she had already died. If my specuwith Jacob in 1783 is accurate (see above), then she mahis property to be sold at public auction and the prolisted children. He willed that his grandson JacobMargaretha Elisabetha was truly a daughter of Jacobapparently never learned to write as he signed his willAllegiance and Abjuration when he arrived in Pennsyl The inventory of Jacobs property was written in Germatestament. He had outstanding bonds due from Isaac PeTwp (possible relation to the Henrys [Heinrichs] whosewith?), Berbel(?) Kronbach of Dover Twp, Philip Traub (Leather?), Peter Eicholtz from Dover Twp, Behrnardt RTwp by 1800), Phillip and Christopher Vogelgosong of and John Olverholtzer (Reading Twp, Adams). Jacobs place of burial is unknown

latio y have died prior tocee Ch

s sh witvan

n. Aff (P bap

of WuppWa

but he may have been buried in the Prim family cemetery in Tyrone Twp which is listed in the Adams County Historical Society Records. This may have been a family plot on the property of Jacobs sons Samuel and Henry. The cemetery is listed as destroyed.

n about the family members at home 1783. Jacob willed for

ds distributed equally among his four ronister receive his riding horse. If

e must have died prior to 1794. Jacob h his mark, just as he had the Oaths of ia.

mong his possessions was a German faff, Paup?), John Henry of Codorus tisms the Bream were associated arrngton Twp (father Paul), Frederick

ert of Warrington Twp (in Berwick rrington Twp and York, respectively,

IV-2.3

Jacob Breams Will probated June 9, 1794

IV-2.4

2.2 Anna Maria Bream (UNAnna Marias date of birth is unknown but wa she was probably born in Germany sometime before 1740. Her relationship to Heinrich is not proven, but if she was related to him she was likely a passenger with him on the Loyal Judith. Anna Maria sponsored the baptism of Jacob Henrich (Henry), along with the childs uncle (also named Jacob Henrich) (see Section III-2). Jacob was born on December 18, 1755 however the baptism was not recorded in the register for Schusters Union Church in Shrewsbury (now Springfield) Twp until 1768. He was the son of Nicholas and Margaretha Henrich. Jacob Heinrich married Anna Catharina Swartz, the sister of Henrich Swartz whose baptism was sponsored by Heinrich and Catherine Bream. If Anna Maria was an adult (at least eighteen) at the time she sponsored this baptism, it would mean she would have been born on or before 1737. Anna Maria was married to Johannes (Mathias) Demuth on February 15, 1757. They were married by John Samuel Schwerdtfeger in Candochly Union Church in Lower Windsor Twp. Mathias was the son of Johannes Demuth and UNKNOWN. Johannes is believed to have emigrated on September 25, 1751 aboard the ship Phoenix.90 Mathiass date of birth is unknown, but since he was not listed on the ship list he was probably born after 1735. Mathias and Anna Maria were some of the earliest members of Canadochly Union Church which was established about 1753. Mathias received a Warrant for 25 acres in Hellam Twp on June 1, 1762.91 Mathias and Anna Maria had the following children:

i. Johann Jacob (1757 - UNK) m. UNK ii. Abraham (1759 - UNK) m. Tuth UNK

iii. Peter (UNK - UNK) m. UNK iv. John (1768 1836) m. Susan Croll v. Henry (UNK - UNK) m. UNK

vi. Elizabeth (UNK - UNK) m. UNK vii. Anna Maria (UNK - UNK) m. UNK

Johann Jacob Demuth was born on November 30, 1757 and baptized on December 27, 1757 in Canadochly Union Church. Sponsors were Johann Jacob Hester and Johannes Demuth (the childs grandfather).92 Abraham Demuth was born on September 18, 1759 and baptized on September 24, 1759 in Christ Lutheran Church, York.93 Abrahams family was one of the early families of Kreutz Creek Union Church in Hellam Twp.94 John and wife Susan had a daughter Anna Maria who was born on May 22, 1794 and baptized in June of 1794 at Christ Lutheran Church, York.95

K - >1780) s

90 Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers. Volume 1. 471 91 Neal Otto Hively, The Manor of Springettsbury, York County, Pennsylvania: Its History and Early Settlers (1993), 170

Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 3 , 105 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 164

94 Hively, The Manor of Springettsbury,, 63

92

93

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IV-2.6

will. A Widow Demuth is listed on the Hellam Twp tax

Mathias died in 1778. He did not have alists for 1779 and 1780. Anna Maria was remarried to Sebastian Brown sometime between 1780 and 1786. Sebastian and Anna Maria are not believed to have had any children together. Sebastian died in 1805 in Hellam Twp. His will was probated on March 2, 1805 in Hellam Twp.96 An Anna Maria Brown died in 1839 in Hellam Twp. Its unclear if this is the same Anna Maria, she would have probably been over 100 years old if it was.

Historical Society

95 Bates and Wright, York County, Pennsylvania Church Records, Vol 2 , 252 96 Estate file of Sebastian Brown, York County

3. Third Generation Children of Jacob Bream and UNKNOWN

3.1 Samuel Bream (1744-52 - 1800) Samuel Bream (Prehm) was probably born between 1744 and 1752. The identity of his wife is unknown. Although Samuel was occasionally listed in the records with his surname beginning

frequently listed with a P as well. Samuel bought land in Tyrone Twp on June 7, 1773 from John Wilson Jr.97 (This land was reported as being approximately 150 acres in the original transfer from John Wilson to Samuel, but was reported as 198 acres when it was transferred to

Samuels brother Henry Bream). Samuel and Henry were probably some of the first Germans to move into this area. The 1762 tax list for Tyrone Twp lists only 36 unique surnames and nearly all are English and/or Scotch-Irish98 (see also the fold out map for the names of the original landowners in the area immediately surrounding Samuel and Henrys property). This land was originally owned by Jasper Wilson who probably occupied the land from as early as March 1, 1759. In his will Jasper transferred the property to Leonard Hatton and John Wilson, Sr, the executors of his estate. The property was subsequently sold to John Wilson, Jr on August 18, 1771 who then sold it to Samuel Bream. Samuel farmed this property with his brother Henry.

John Wilson, Jr. In addition to the land which John Wilson sold to Samuel Bream, he also owned approximately 191 acres of property which adjoined the eastern border of Samuel Breams property. In addition to Henry and Samuel, John Wilsons land adjoined property of Stephen Faulk, Valentine Fickes, Anthony Swisher and John Pope. John Wilson had 100 acres of his adjoining land confiscated for treason; he had joined the British forces in New York during the Revolutionary War.99 This land was sold to William Delap. The remainder of John Wilsons land was eventually obtained by Peter Spangler.

with B, he is

Both appear in the Tyrone Twp tax lists for 1774 through 1778 and both are listed as occupying this property in the survey for an adjoining property of John Wilson. It is possible that Samuel and Henry split this property, even if Samuel retained ownership, since the Tyrone Twp tax records for the 18th century consistently list Henry as occupying only 100 acres of this 198 acre property. It is possible that Samuel sublet the remainder of the property after 1778. Samuel retained ownership of the Tyrone Twp property in its entirety until his death. His heirs, Valentine and Magdalena Heiges and Esther Bream sold the property to Samuels brother Henry for 125 on May 14, 1801.100 Samuel and Henrys property was located at the intersection between the present day Upper Bermudian Rd and Bull Valley Rd near Upper Bermudian Lutheran Church.

97 Deed Record Book A. p. 341-342 Adams County Historical Society

98 South Central Pennsylvania Genealogical Society, Inc, Special Publication Number 6: An Alphabetical Listing of the Assessed Inhabitants of

York County, Pennsylvania, for the Year 1762. (York, PA)

ciety

99 Pennsylvania Archives, Sixth Series, Vol 13 (Harrisburg, PA, 1907), 122-135 100 Deed Record Book A. p. 341-342 Adams County Historical So

IV-3.1

am on August 9, 1809.The property was surveyed for Samuels nephew Jacob Br

e 101

101 Pennsylvania Warrant Register B-17. Survey Book Volume B, No. 6, p. 30.

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The outlines of this property (highlighted in yellow) are still evident in an Adams County plat map from 1977. The location of Upper Bermudian Church is underlined in green.

Samuel served as the constable in Tyrone Twp in 1776. He disappears from the tax and census records after 1778.102 Sometime between 1778 and 1786 Samuel moved back to Warrington Twp. His activities and his whereabouts between 1778 and 1786 are unknown although it is possible that Samuel moved back to his father Jacobs farm. It appears that Samuels wife died young, perhaps sometime prior to 1782, the latest age of his youngest daughter. This could account for the 5 inhabitants listed for one of the Jacob Breams in Warrington Twp in 1783: Jacob, daughter Catharina, son Samuel and Samuels two daughters Magdalena and Esther. In 1787 Samuel is listed with 80 acres. There are two possibilities for this Samuel in the 1790 census for Warrington Twp. Samuel Brain is listed with one male greater than 16 years old and 2 females. A Samuel Pream is listed with one male greater than 16 years old, two males less than 16 years old and 1 female. Given that Samuel had no known sons and had at least two known daughters, I believe Samuel Brain is most likely the Samuel referred to here. The identity o

f the second Samuel is

9-1821 (Gettysburg, PA, 1999), 34, 39 102 Joan R Hankey, Index to Adams County Pennsylvania Septennial Census 177

IV-3.3

unknown, although it may be an error and should refer to Samuels father Jacob who is otherwise unaccounted for in the 1790 census.

Heirs of Samuel Bream to Henry Bream Deed Record May 14, 1801 (page 1)

IV-3.4

Heirs of Samuel Bream to Henry Bream Deed Record May 14, 1801 (page 2)

In 1795 Samuel is recorded in Warrington Twp with property of 80 acres and 2 cattle and 2 horses. In 1798 it was recorded as 78 acres which was valued at $508 and adjoined land of Martin Forsht (Foust?). It contained a 2-story log and stone house (26x22 ft) with 11 windows, a log barn (45x20 ft) and an old smith shop.103 On April 5, 1776 the General Assembly of Pennsylvania imposed a fine on all able-bodied effective male white persons capable of bearing arms, not associators, between the ages of sixteen and fifty years (ministers of the gospel of all denominations, schoolmasters in actual employ and servants purchased bona fide and for valuable consideration only excepted. An Act of Assembly passed on February 14, 1777 directed the mode of collecting the fines imposed on persons who did not meet and exercise in order to learn the art military.104 Samuel was fined 1 10 shillings. His brothers Henry and Jacob were also fined (see Sections IV-3.2 and IV-3.3).

103 1798 Direct Tax List for Warrington Twp, York County 104 York County, Pennsylvania in the American Revolution: A Source Book Volume II.. p 199, 221, 226. York County Heritage Trust

IV-3.5

Samuel hai. Magdalena (1775-80 1820-1840) m. Valentine Heiges

ii. Esther (1775-82 - UNK) m. UNK

Samuel died in 1800. His will was written on June 6, 1800 and witnessed by John Hipple and Isaac Vanansdaln (van Arsdalen). It was probated on August 9, 1800 in Warrington Twp.105 Executors were Frederick Wealer and Samuels son-in-law Valentine Heiges. Samuels will identifies his daughters Magdalena (wife of Valentine Heiges) and Esther who was still at home. The will does not record Esther as a minor, so she was likely born prior to 1782. Samuel could not write as evidenced by his signing his will with his mark.

Samuel Breams Will probated August 9, 1800 (page 1)

d the following children:

105 Estate papers of Samuel Prem, York County Historical Society

IV-3.6

Samuel Breams Will probated August 9, 1800 (page 2)

The Administration Account106 for Samuels estate shows Samuel had outstanding bonds to Aaron Garretson, Elihu Underwood, William Lamer, Martin Roopert, Abraham Miley, Lawrence Heiges, John Heiges, Michael Wahle, George Kniesley, and Michael Fulweiler. He had outstanding debts due from Anthony Trimmer, Jacob Bream, Abraham Beals, Stophel Keiver, Conrad Chronister, Casper Groop, Henry Bream, John Hipple, Frederick Furst, and Philip Erhart. Samuels estate inventory did not provide the names of the individuals who purchased his property.

106 Estate papers of Samuel Prem, York County Historical Society

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Samuel Breams Estate Inventory August 9, 1800 Item Item Item

1 Riding horse and bridle Horse ??? 1 Basket and tools Wearing apparel 1 Windmill 1 Box and shoemaker tools 1 Young bay horse 1 Shapp of bees 1 Basket, 1 plane, 1 old jug 1 Cow and bell 3 Shapp of bees Bushel of leather 1 Lame cow 1 Apple mill 1 Old wheel and swifts 1 Heifer 1 Grindstone Flax and tow yarn 1 Sow and 4 pigs 12 Bundles of flax 1 Check reel 2 Large barrows Hay by the ton 1 Hatchel 1 Sled Rye by the bushel 1 Cabbage knife 1 Plow and irons Oats by the bushel 2 ??? and glass 1 Doubletree and 2 Swingletters 1 Ten plate stove 23 ? of wool 1 Old wheelbarrow 1 Bed, bedstead and cord 2 Bushel of flax seed 1 Mawl and wedges 1 Bedstead 1 Iron kettle 1 Mattock 1 Chest 1 Little kettle 2 Rakes 1 Large table 4 Barrel vessels 1 Hay fork 1 Little table 1 Churn 1 Cutting box and knife 7 Yards of tow linen 1 Doughtrough 12 Empty beehives 4 Yards of woolen cloth 10 Earthen blocks 4 Riddles 1 Looking glass 1 Kitchen Dresser 9 Wooden beehives 1 Lamp 1 Pot back 2 Open-ended barrels 6 Books 4 Knives and 4 forks Planks for a trough and ??? 1 Pair of spectacles 2 Frying pans 2 Cow chairs 6 Bread baskets 2 Iron pots Pine boards and lathes 2 Drawing knives, 2 augers 1 Griddle 1 Scythe and snead 1 Kunk shell 2 Iron ladles and flesh fork 1 Spade and 1 corn hoe 1 Pair sheep shears 1 Water bucket 2 Pair of fetters 6 Bags 1 Crosscut saw

Samuels wife had died prior to 1800 and based on the census data for 1790 its likely she died prior to 1790. If my speculation about Samuel moving back with his father is accurate she may have died around 1779 in Tyrone Twp, the time Samuel disappears from the tax records. Samuels place of burial is unknown but he may have been buried in the Prim family cemetery.

3.2 Henry Bream (1744-52 - 1828) Henry Bream was probably born between 1744 and 1752. He married Barbara Leathers. The date and location of their wedding is unknown. Barbara was born sometime prior to 1755,

IV-3.8

probably in York County. daughter of Frederick Leathers and Bar BarbLea he wifeHen ments from Mifflin County Circuit Co(De 7) pertaining to Lea ispute with thstep arbaras fatFred veral propertieDover Twp, York County which wwith a

She was the

bara Strickler (sp?). ed as t

ara thers is identifi of ry Bream in docu The

urt cember 179 the thers siblings d

107 Beir

mother. wned se

her erick o s in

ere in approximately one mile of J cob

Bre r) farm in Wa Henry moved to Tyrone Twp with his brother Samuel in 1773, where he farmed land which was own ys brother Samuel ( -3.1). Henry cont this property afte returned , although d ownership. Henry may have only occupied a portion of this property as 18th century tax lists consistently report Henry as occupying only 100 acres of the 198 acre property. ct sublet a portion of the property after he moved away, the tenants have not been identified in the records. In 1796, Henry received th ights t mudian Cree p from Arthur Orr ant on the r Orr, cres on November 26, ds of Stephe eas, John Dodds a id). Art perty to nuary 15, 1796. In 1808 Henrys son Henry

r of 100 acres of perty although Henry Sr ostensibly conveyed the tax

29

enry (see

ation is bisected by the Upper Bermudian Rd near Lime Rock Mill Rd and Funt Rd.

ams (Henrys fathe rrington Twp.

ed by Henr See Section IV inued to live onr his brother Samuel to Warrington Twp Samuel retaine

If Samuel did in fa

e r o 236 acres on Ber k in Tyrone Tw, Sr. The original Warr se 236 acres was to Arthu Sr for 150 a1785 (adjoining lan n Folk, John L nd heirs of Rev. Adam Bohur Orr deeded this pro Henry Bream on Ja

Jri

took possession this proghts to the entire 236 acres of land to his son John Bream on February 7, 1824.108 In the

records John is only listed as possessing a portion of this property for tax purposes. In 18neighbors included heirs of Robert Murdoch, John Dodds, Arthur Orr, Christopher Pehtel, andPeter Spengler. Although the rights to the entire 236 acres were transferred to Henrys son Johnin 1824, Henry divided this 236 acre property between his son John and his son HSections IV-4.1 and IV-4.3). Henry relocated to this new property in 1796, shortly after acquiring it. This property spanned the Bermudian Creek and was located in both Tyrone and Huntington Twps. Its present loc

107 Mifflin County Court Records, Centre County Library and Historical Museum

108 Pennsylvania Warrant Register O-39. Survey Book Volume C, No. 156, p. 207.

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IV-3.10

IV-3.11

In 1798, this farm consisted of 198 acres valued at $990. It adjoined land of John Dodds. There was a one story log house (30x22 ft) with two windows and a log barn (60x24 ft) on the property.109 In 1801, Henrys estate was valued at $1,208.110 The property was surveyed for Arthur Orr on April 6, 1787.111 The adjoining land listed as vacant in the survey was either part of, or adjacent to, Upper Bermudian Church.

109 1798 Direct Tax List for Tyrone Twp, York County 110 History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania (Chicago, IL, 1886), 342

111 Pennsylvania Warrant Register O-39. Survey Book Volume C, No. 156, p. 207.

The outlines of this property (highlighted in blue) are still evident in an Adams County plat mapfrom 1977. The location of Upper Bermudian Church is underlined in green.

Henrys other property, still owned by his brother Samuel (highlighted in yellow), was located just to the southeast of Henrys new property. Henrys son Jacob began farming Henrys 100 acre portion of Jacobs Uncle Samuels property beginning in 1796 (see Section IV-4.1). In 1798 the farm consisted of a one story log house (30x21 ft) with 2 windows, a log barn (50x23 ft) and a log stable (21x16 ft). The farm was valued at $539 and adjoined property of Peter Spangler. If the remainder of Samuels property was being sublet, the tenant has not been identified. One possibility was that it was occupied by Henrys brother-in-law Conrad Chronister who was

st have been in close proximity to Henrys property as it also djoined property of Peter Spangler (see Section IV-3.5). Henry received the rights to the entire

198 acre property from the heirs of his brother Samuel for 125 on May 14, 1801 (see Section IV-3.1). Henry sold this property to his son Jacob for 550 on October 17, 1803.112

farming land in Tyrone Twp which mua

112 Deed Record Book B. p. 212-214 Adams County Historical Society

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Henry Bream and wife Barbara to Jacob Bream Deed Record October 17, 1803 (page 1)

IV-3.13

Henry Bream and wife Barbara to Jacob Bream Deed Record October 17, 1803 (page 2)

IV-3.14

Henry Bream and wife Barbara to Jacob Bream Deed Record October 17, 1803 (page 3)

Henry acquired a lot in Heidlersburg (Lot #21) in 1817. It appears that he may have moved to this lot in 1825-26. He is listed in the 1825 tax records as without land and in 1826 as only possessing Lot #21. This lot was located near the center of Heidlersburg and is highlighted in green in the 1872 I. W. Field & Co. map of Heidlersburg (reproduced from the 1994 reprint by the Adams County Historical Society). In 1829, following Henrys death, the lot is listed as belonging to Henrys heirs, however by 1830 the lot was in the possession of Henry Jr.

IV-3.15

Its no urch dams, Cumberland or York Counties. He could have been worshipping at Upper

Bermudian Church which was established in the early 1780s. The church register does not begin until 1791 however and his children would have probably been baptized prior to that date, so his absence from the records of this church could be coincidental. The first record of association of the Breams with this church is from 1800. Interestingly, this generation of Breams had a significant association with Reformed Protestantism. The Leathers were Mennonite. In addition, Henrys children Mary, Henry and Elizabeth married into Reformed families. Henrys daughter Mary baptized herself as an adult suggesting that she may not have been baptized as a child.

Upper Bermudian Union Church The Lutheran and Reformed congregations were probably formed in the early 1780s. The first log church was built about 1782. The first brick church was dedicated A