heidegger's response to king ferderick of prussia

8/12/2019 Heidegger's Response to King Ferderick of Prussia

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And at a time of nervousness about what the future will hold, here we find Paulunfolding the end of the world with the defeat of evil and the future return to earth ofthe One who made it all, and who will reign with his people forever

In an age when all seems increasingly plastic and transient and fleeting here we find

pure gold, substance and all that is unchanging

Now one of the reasons Im starting like this is to help us see the abiding relevance ofPauls letter both today and to all generations

But one of the things that we need to remember was that each of the New TestamentEpistles had an immediately context

In other words, each one was written against a backdrop of certain issues that werelive ones at the time

And the Book of Romans is no exception; Paul was tackling false teaching and the particular doubts and struggles of his readers

But as was the case throughout his life and ministry, it was the connection betweenJudaism and Christ that needed most to be disentangled and explained

In his letter to the Romans, Paul knew it would by read by numerous people who, likehimself, although now Christians were converts from Judaism

Paul knew that the Christian message raised countless questions for the Jews and sowhat we find here in our passage is him taking time to dealing with some of theobjections to Christianity that were constantly raised by his Jewish opponents

Remember that Paul spent much of his life debating with the Jews in their synagogues

He knew his hecklers questions and he anticipates them in his letter

There are really two objections that he handles in this passage

The first one concerns the status that the Jews had before God (Ch 2: 17- 29); nowthat he was saying that Jews must become Christians, did this make their previous

status irrelevant?

The second one and linked to the first, concerned the advantage of being a Jew (3: 1-8)

Did being a Jew now mean nothing? Were there no benefits of being a Jew?

Let me take each one in turn

First lets look at the status that the Jews had before God (verses 17-29)

What did Paul have in mind here?


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Well Paul knew that the Jews were proud of what they perceived as their standing before God

Look at verse 17a to see who hes addressing

17Now you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and brag about yourrelationship to God

So hes speaking to people who now or previously replied on the fact that they wereGods chosen people; people who had been blessed down through the centuries andhad had the benefits of being including in a covenant relationship

That made them different to the Gentiles, did it not?

Remember what Paul had been saying in his letter up to this point

Hed been looking out at the Gentile world the Greco-Roman world of the paganand hed declared it sinful and under Gods righteous judgement

Its as if has Paul has just put on his wig and brought the Gentile world into the courtof God and as chief prosecuting barrister declared it guilty before its creator

And you can only imagine the Jews reaction

Youre absolutely right Paul we can hear them say; we dont call the Gentiles dogsfor no reason

But the shock that they were about to get is that now Paul has done with the Gentiles,he turns his sights on the Jews, his own people

In the next few verse he is about to argue that the Jews were no different to theGentiles in the sense of being guilty before God and in need of Christs salvation

Some years ago now, there was a man is America who drove his car in a stupid wayand in the process knocked down a killed a lady 1

The police put a case together against him; it was a sound case and they sought to

have him convicted for manslaughter

But when it came to it, they never got him into court

Over the next thirty years he committed four major crimes

And in each case he was found out and the police put together a case for hisconviction

But on each occasion he never appeared in court

1 I obtained this illustration from a sermon by David Pawson.


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The reason was that he was the son of a senior diplomat to the United States and witheach incident he claimed diplomatic immunity from prosecution

And so he escaped the demands of justice and got away with his crimes

Now there is something in the heart of each one of us that thinks we will escape thedemands of Gods justice

We think that we are special

Others perhaps deserve Gods wrath but somehow we personally can claimdiplomatic immunity

Were wrong of course

But Pauls argument here is that of all people the Jews thought they had diplomaticimmunity from Gods justice

They thought they were special; they were Gods chosen people

The Jews had the opposite of an inferiority complex; they had a superiority complex 2

They were in a special category and for them there was no greater outrage than tolump them in with the rest of humanity

They thought they could wave their Jewish passports at God and wander unopposedinto his presence avoiding his judgement hall altogether

And what Paul is doing in these verses is to disabuse them of any notion that they hadany such exemption for their sins

He is seeking to show that the Jews were in fact no better off than the Gentiles when itcame to their predicament before God

And so Paul fires a series of bullet into the very places where the Jews placed theirsecurity and safely before God

Just see where Paul is seeking to end up

Its in Chapter 3:22b -23

There is no difference (between Jew and Gentile), for all have sinned and fall shortof the glory of God

I suspect that there were many things about Pauls teachings that the Jews found hardto stomach; but that one took the biscuit and provoked their rage

So how does Paul strip away the Jews refuge and false security?

2 David Pawson


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Well hes addressing people with several characteristics

Verse 17

Those who rely on the law (for their salvation, I suspect)

Those who brag about their relationship with God

Verse 18

Those who know Gods will and approve what is superior because they are instructed by the law

In Verses 19-20 he sets out a list of titles that the Jews claimed for themselves

Guides for the blind; lights for those in the dark; instructors of the foolish; teachers ofinfants

These were common sayings amongst the Jews at this time

So Paul sets out the ground of the Jew; the evidence that he sees himself superior tothe Gentiles

They mostly centre around the claim that the Jew has something to teach others theGentiles of course

And didnt possession of the law give them that right?

They were the ones in the know with God and they could put you in the know 3

But then having accepted that the Jews did have the law and with it the knowledge ofGods will and a desire to teach others, Paul then asks the million dollar question

Verse 21

21you, then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against

stealing, do you steal? 22You who say that people should not commit adultery, do youcommit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23You who brag aboutthe law, do you dishonour God by breaking the law?

You see its all very well possessing the law and teaching it

But having the law is not the point

The point is, are you living by the law?

And to they extent that the Jews didnt, they are hypocrites

3 David Pawson


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They are not practicing what they preach

God gave the Jews a special role in the world and that was to be a light to the nations

But nothing dimmed that light like hypocrisy

In any country there is nothing more likely to undermine the law and the enforcementof justice than corrupt judges and bent coppers

Upon their appointment judges and police officers swear to uphold and enforce justice

And it is for that reason that we reserve special distain for corrupt law enforcement personnel

I guess thats why the press are at this present time scandalised over the issue of paedophile priests within the Roman Catholic Church

Those who preach righteousness are thoroughly unrighteous

And so Paul asks the question; are you who know Gods ways living by them?

His questions are rhetorical; we assume that Pauls knowledge of Judaism andremember hed been reared in it led him to think that in many case they werent

And if I had time I could explain to you why most commentators think that Paul was putting his finger on sins that had become common place and accepted amongst Jews

These sins are documented by the first century historian Josephus; the theft of money by Jewish money-lenders; adultery by Jewish husbands; the stealing of synagoguemoney and so on

Those with copies of the law; those who were lecturing others about obeying it wereignoring its demands on themselves

And so Paul comments

24As it is written: "God's name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you."[ b]

There is nothing worse than a hypocrite; we love to hate hypocrites

When a Gentile sins it is bad; when a Jew does it is much worse

For there is the strong risk that the God of the Jews will be blamed for their behaviourand mocked 4

Then Paul comes onto circumcision in verse 25

4 David Pawson


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Circumcision was what marked out the Jews from the other peoples of the world

It was the sign of being in covenant with God; on the eight day of his life every malewas branded as a Jew; he now belonged to Gods covenant people

Once done it was irreversible

In Nazi Germany it led to many men being discovered as Jews who might otherwisehave escaped the gas chambers by lying about their ethnicity

Now Paul knew that circumcision was a badge of pride for the Jew; it was theultimate sign of being the Jew and thus of being different to the other people of theworld

Pauls argument in this passage is that circumcision cannot be seen as a badge only but as connected to the keeping of the law of God

By that he meant at the very least the 10 commandments and probably the rest of theOT law as well

In verse 25 he says that circumcision is only of value if the one who is circumcisedkeeps the whole law

And by simply logic, if a man breaks the law, he becomes as if he were notcircumcised

Then he pulls the rung from under the Jews by saying that someone who isuncircumcised but who keeps the laws requirements can be regarded as if he werecircumcised

And they would condemn the Jew who although circumcised breaks the law

In other words, now the roles are reversed for when that happens the Gentile is nowteaching the Jew

The uncircumcised is teaching the circumcised

And so Paul concludes this section in the following way:

28A man is not a Jew if he is only one outwardly, nor is circumcision merelyoutward and physical. 29No, a man is a Jew if he is one inwardly; and circumcision iscircumcision of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man's praise isnot from men, but from God.

In other words, Jewishness, according to Paul has in the final instance nothing to dowith race or circumcision; it is to do with conduct; it is not about having the law butobeying it

It is about having ones heart changed by the Holy Spirit


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So if you have the badge of being Gods circumcision - but live without theresponsibilities it bestows, the badge becomes invalid

Paul is saying that the Gentile without the badge is better off than the Jew with it, if

he is living according to his conscious before God when the Jew is not

So according to Paul you can be a real Jew without having Jewish blood flowingthrough your veins

The Jew who constantly transgresses the law of God may as well be an uncircumcisedGentile for the benefit it gives them before God

In fact circumcision actually can become a curse rather than give benefit

For circumcision is a permanent reminder of ones covenant responsibilities and bestows greater accountability for sin

Paul said exactly that when he wrote to the church in Galatia:

3Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated toobey the whole law 5.

And since we cant kept the whole law no one can circumcision becomes a permanent mark of our covenant failure

What matters is the condition of the heart towards God and since the Jews had brokenthe law of God they shared the same territory as the Gentiles

Both camps were sinners in need of the salvation wrought by Christ

So thats the thrust of Pauls answer to the first question Paul was used to hearing

Surely our Jewish status means that we dont need Christ to die for us?

And Paul says, no, you couldnt be more wrong

Their status as Jews was not something to give them any security before God

Now lets now turn to a related question; the one that Paul seeks to answer in Chapter3: 1-8

This concerned the advantage of being a Jew

Look in verse 1

1What advantage, then, is there in being a Jew, or what value is there incircumcision?

5 Chapter 5:3


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Let me read you a section from John MacArthurs commentary on Romans as heseeks to answer that very question

Looking at the rather tragic history of the Jewish people, one is inclined to think

there has been little advantage in being a Jew. In spite of the reality that they are sucha noble strain of humanity and chosen by God, their history has been a saga ofslavery, hardship, warfare, persecution, slander, captivity, dispersion, and humiliation.

They were menial slaves in Egypt for some 400 years, and after God miraculouslydelivered them, they wandered in a barren wi1derness for forty years, until an entiregeneration died out. When they eventually entered the land God had promised them,they had to fight to gain every square foot of it and continue to fight to protect whatthey gained. After several hundred years, civil war divided the nation. The northernkingdom eventually was almost decimated by Assyria, with the remnant being takencaptive to that country. Later, the southern kingdom was conquered and exiled inBabylon for seventy years, after which some were allowed to return to Palestine.

Not long after they rebuilt their homeland, they were conquered by Greece, and thedespotic Antiochus Epiphanes (E pif an ees) revelled in desecrating their Temple,corrupting their sacrifices, and slaughtering their priests. Under Roman rule they faredno better. Tens of thousands of Jewish rebels were publicly crucified, and underHerod the Great scores of male Jewish babies were slaughtered because of his insane

jealousy of the Christ child. In the year A.D. 70, the Roman general Titus Vespasian,carried out Caesars order to utterly destroy Jerusalem, its Temple, and most of itscitizens. According to Josephus, over a million Jews of all ages were mercilessly

butchered, and some 100,000 of those who survived were sold into slavery or sent toRome to die in the gladiator games. Two years previously, Gentiles in Caesarea hadkilled 20,000 Jews and sold many more into slavery. During that same period of time,the inhabitants of Damascus cut the throats of 10,000 Jews in a single day.

In A.D. 115 the Jews of Cyrene, Egypt, Cyprus, and Mesopotamia rebelled againstRome. When they failed, Emperor Hadrian destroyed 985 towns in Palestine andkilled at least 600,000 Jewish men. Thousands more perished from starvation anddisease. So many Jews were sold into slavery that the price of an able-bodied maleslave dropped to that of a horse. In the year 380 Emperor Theodosius I formulated alegal code that declared Jews to be an inferior race of human beings a demonic

idea that strongly permeated most of Europe for over a thousand years and that even persists in many parts of the world in our own day.

For some two centuries the Jews were oppressed by the Byzantine branch of thedivided Roman empire. Emperor Heroclitus banished them from Jerusalem in 628and later tried to exterminate them. Leo the Assyrian gave them the choice ofconverting to Christianity or being banished from the realm. When the first crusadewas launched in 1096 (to recapture the Holy Land from the Ottoman Turks, thecrusaders slaughtered countless thousands of Jews on their way to Palestine, brutallytrampling many to death under their horses hooves. That carnage, course, wascommitted in the name of Christianity.


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In 1254 King Louis IX banished all Jews from France. When many later returned tothat country; Philip the Fair expelled 100,000 of them again in 1306. In 1492 the Jewswere expelled from Spain even as Columbus began his first voyage across theAtlantic, and four years later they were expelled from Portugal as well. Soon most ofwestern Europe closed to them except for a few areas in northern Italy, Germany, and

Poland. Although the French Revolution emancipated many Jews, vicious anti-Semitism continued to dominate most of Europe and parts of Russia. Thousands ofJews were massacred in the Ukraine in 1818. In 1894, because of growing anti-Semitism in the French army, a Jewish officer named Dreyfus was falsely accused oftreason, and that charge was used as an excuse to purge the military of all Jews ofhigh rank.

When a number of influential Jews began to dream of re-establishing a homeland inPalestine, the Zionist movement was born, its first congress being convened in Basel,Switzerland, in 1897. By 1914, some 90,000 Jews had settled in Palestine. In theunparalleled Nazi holocaust of the early 1940s at least 6,000,000 Jews wereexterminated, this time for racial rather than religious reasons.

Although in our society anti-Semitism is seldom expressed so openly, Jews in many parts of the world still suffer for no other reason than their Jewishness. From the purely historical perspective, therefore, Jews have been among the most continuouslyand harshly disadvantaged people of all time.

So when one looks at the history the Jewish people, one is inclined to think there has been little advantage in being a Jew

But what does the apostle Paul say?

Paul didnt want to leave the impression that being Jewish was meaningless; as wesuspect his opponents were suggesting

In answer to his own question he writes

Much in every way (there were many advantages), first of all they were entrustedwith the very words of God

There was nothing meaningless about being the receivers and custodians of the word

of God

They were given this book that they might give it to the world

And they did; most of you hold a copy in your hands

They treasured these words, they treated them with the reverence their deserve, theyguarded their accuracy, they copied them and put them into places of safety whenthey risked being destroyed

The Jews may have failed in many areas; but lets not forget that they didnt fail in

that responsibility


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And we are the beneficiaries

Now for the remainder of our passage we find Paul addressing a few related themes

His argument is quite hard to follow and Im not going to unpack it all here; time

simply doesnt permit, but let me make a few remarks

Lets read verses 3 and 4

Speaking of the Jews he writes:

3What if some did not have faith? Will their lack of faith nullify God'sfaithfulness? 4Not at all! Let God be true, and every man a liar. As it is written: "Sothat you may be proved right when you speak and prevail when you judge."[ a]

Paul has built his argument with the charge that Jews are not in right standing beforeGod just because they are Jewish

And in response his hecklers were saying something like this

If youre saying that the Old Testament dispensation didnt make a man or womanright with God, then you must be implying that God been unfaithful to His people

That he has failed

And in response, Paul rejects this strongly, saying that the unfaithfulness of some ofGods people towards Him doesnt nullify His faithfulness to them

In other words, Paul is saying that covenant unfaithfulness by one party part doesntinvalidate the faithfulness of the other party 6

That although most Jews had failed in their covenant responsibilities, God had notfailed them

Their God-given advantage in being Jewish remained an advantage, even if it wasabused 7

Paul then goes even further arguing in effect that the sinfulness and unfaithfulness ofthe Jews has actually highlighted Gods righteousness and faithfulness

The mistake of Pauls hecklers was to think that we go from man to God rather thanGod to man 8

We hear this today

People say, I cant believe in God, look at his people

6

The New Bible Commentary Revised, Ed. D. Guthrie, p10207 Stuart Olyott, The Gospel as it Really Is, p25.8 This application came from David Pawson


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But I suspect that on the day of judgement that will be a lame excuse

For each one of us has to deal with God and His Christ directly

We cant argue from the people of God to God

Ultimately we must go by Gods witness of Himself; not each others witness to God

Dont judge God by His people even if theyre unfaithful; rather let God be true andeveryman a liar Paul says

The failure of Gods people will not excuse us if we refuse to believe

There are generally two types of people in this world 9

There are those who think that they are in the right and God is in the wrong

These are the folk are always pointing the figure at Gods people and the state of theworld and all the suffering and the intolerance of Christians

They know better then God; they are in the right

And the other type are those who think God is in the right and they are in the wrong

What Paul is seeking to do in these verses is to show people that the second one isalways true

In the end God will be shown to be justified; he will be seen to be in the right

In the final verses of this chapter (5-8) Paul anticipates another heckler

Paul has just concluded that the Jews have proved to have been unfaithful to God butthat their very unfaithfulness has actually etched out Gods faithfulness andrighteousness all the more

And in response his Jewish heckler, says, well if that is correct then and good hascome out of the situation, then God will be unjust if he judges us

In other words, if something good comes out of their sin and Gods faithfulness ishighlighted then the sin of the Jews is not so bad, even excusable

It severity is mitigated

Or to put it another way, the heckler he is saying, If we were part of thedemonstration of Gods righteousness, why should we be blamed for making thatdemonstration possible 10

9 This application came from David Pawson10 David Pawson


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Sometimes our minds can twist things to make any point we want if it is convenient tomake it

Especially if it involves justifying and thereby excusing our sin; human beings are better at that than anything else

It starts when we are about 18 months old

And Paul suggests here that such ideas are ridiculous

Hes saying that the idea that God coming out of the situation looking better actuallydiminishes His right to judge our sin is a crazy argument

Sin is always sin and justice requires sin to be punished

Just because good comes out of evil, the evil is never justified

If God let the Jew off for his sin or you or I for that matter just because we provide a lesson in Gods righteousness He would have to let off the whole world

And if justice collapses in an evil world, the whole world would collapse with it

And you and I and our whole race would be set for an eternity of literally hell on earth

Just because God can bring good out of evil, evil is never justified

Lets finish with a little application

(1) Dont forget the Jews 11

I know that some people get overly-preoccupied by Israel and the Jews

But lets not go the other way and forget the role of the Jews in Gods purposes

The Jews were a historical demonstration of Gods ways or we could say of Godhimself

They demonstrate his power

The Emperor Frederick of Prussia once said to the German philosopher Heidegger,give me one proof of the existence of God

And Heidegger replied, Your Highness, The Jews

The fact that the Jews have survived 3000 years and maintained their identity at all isa miracle

11 I derived these thoughts from David Pawson and JC Ryle


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The fact that a nation grew up in the Middle East which was radically distinct from allthe other nations around them is a miracle

They demonstrate Gods power

But they also demonstrate Gods mercy and his love

He took a powerless and landless bunch of slaves and made of them a great nation

He didnt choose a people who were great in number or a nation that was establishedand rich and a great player on the world stage like Egypt or Babylon or Greece

He passed those nations by

He chose the Jews because he loved them and wanted them as his precious possession

And that is all; we have no other explanation

The Jews demonstrate Gods mercy and his love

But the Jews also demonstrate Gods justice and his discipline

For His choosing of the Jews and His love for them didnt mean that he failed todiscipline them for their sin and their rebellion

Actually its quite the opposite

Those who had had such great privileges faced perhaps greater discipline than allother peoples of the earth

Its as if the Jews were used by God as a demonstration of his justice and disciplinemore than all the others

When I look at the Jews and study their history in the Old Testament, Im reminded ofGods inflexibility towards a rebellious and sinful people

He disciplines even His own people; even those he loves and will never finally

forsake

Perhaps its because he loves them

His love is not an indulgent love; let all parents take note

And so we should remember that whilst the Jews are a living demonstration Gods power, mercy and love, they are also a living demonstration of his justice and hiswillingness to punish his wayward people

Let us never forget it

If you want to know God and his ways; study the Old Testament


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Gods revelation of himself and the history of the Jews in the Old Testament are oneand the same thing

Dont forget the Jews is my first lesson

(2) The benefits and risks of a godly upbringing

I dont think that anyone here is a converted Jew

But these verses still have relevance for us

If Paul was here with us, Im sure that he would tell us that growing up in a Christianfamily is a huge benefit

Having the Scriptures read to us by our parents, having them pray over us, attendingSunday School and growing up in a church family are wonderful privileges and givegreat advantages over those who never had them

But they cant save us

Knowing Gods will puts us in a great position to do Gods will 12

But it doesnt mean that we will do it

Many who have these privileges never act upon them and drift off into godlessexistence outside of the covenant people, the church

Many come back of course; I did

But a great number of the children I knew in Sunday School and from Christianhomes are in that category today

But the fact that they fail to take advantage of their heritage does not make God afailure

And I think at this point Paul would get even more serious

He would doubtless suggest that such people are actually in a more dangerous plight before God than those without those privileges

For privilege brings accountability

Neglecting that heritage makes you worse off than if you never knew it

As with the Jews, growing up with a Christian advantage is something to be gratefulfor but it doesnt make you better than those growing up with none

12 Stuart Olyott, The Gospel as it Really Is p26.


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Extra bits

(1) Remember that Paul is seeking to establish universal guilt, both of the Jew and

Gentile

What Paul is doing in these chapters is seeking to convince his fellow Jews of theirsinfulness and guilt before God 13

He was speaking to people who didnt feel guilty or in need of Christ

But Paul was not in the least bit concerned about whether they felt guilty or sinful; hewas in the business of persuading them that they were

One of the problems of today is that we have often presented the gospel as a means tohuman happiness

And presents us with the problem; why would people be interested in Christianity as aroute to happiness when they are already happy?

I was raised among people who believed that we must work hard to persuade peoplewho thought they were unhappy that they werent happy!!

These verses persuade me that if Paul were speaking to such people he would beseeking to show people the reality of their lostness, not their unhappiness

Were not seeking to make people feel lost, just show them what they are

Not persuade them that they have a guilty conscience but that they are guilty beforeGod whether their conscience troubles them or not

The gospel is not a remedy for human misery it is a remedy for real human guilt before a holy God

It is Gods assessment of us that counts as true not our own

If our feelings and estimation of ourselves dont mesh with Gods, it is his that count

Yes I know that joy and happiness and meaning come with the gospel, but they are a by-product not the essence of what the gospel achieves

One of the problems we face

13 The idea for this point came from John Stott on a sermon he preached on this passage.

heidegger's response to king ferderick of prussia

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