heavy duty truck emissions · donald h. stedman and gary a. bishop department of chemistry and...
TRANSCRIPT
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First Mexico City Remote Sensing SymposiumMarch 27-28, 2014
Donald H. Stedman and Gary A. BishopDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208www.feat.biochem.du.edu
dstedman@du,edu
HEAVY DUTY TRUCK EMISSIONS
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Truck RSD acknowledgements• Measurements of all pollutants in California supported by NREL, SCAQMD and CARB.
• Peralta weigh station (E‐bound 91) and Port of LA roughly 2000 trucks at each location.
• Optical RSD Measurements 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012.
• 2013 SHED/OHMS measurements Port and Cottonwood weigh station (N‐bound I‐5).
• Texas with NCTCOG and TAMU.• Vancouver with DU and Envirotest Canada.
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Two remote sensing methods to deal with high level exhaust
• Optical remote sensing (RSD) on a tower or scaffolding.
• SHED/OHMS which integrates about an eight second acceleration cycle of emissions.
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Vancouver OHMS
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Streamlined Heavy‐duty Emissions Determination
SHED
OHMSOn‐road Heavy‐duty Measurement System
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Truck about to pass under test shed
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Shows perforated extraction tube leading to instrument enclosure
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Perforated Exhaust Sampling TubeExhaust Sample Blower
AnalyticalInstruments
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OHMS Pipe50 ft
Inline Fan
Horiba AIA 240; NDIR – CO2 & COHoriba FCA 240; FID – HC & NOHoriba FCA 240; UV – Total NOxDroplet Measurement Tech PAX – Black Carbon Dekati Mass Monitor (DMM 230-A) – PM and number
Speed & AccelerationLicense PlateIR Exhaust Temperature
11
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0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0 5 10 15 20 25
Voltage
Time Seconds
CO2CO
HC
NO
NOx
NOx = 25.5NO2 = 5.5gm/kg
Typical Port Truck
Undetectable CO ,HC, PM ,BC
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996
NOx em
ission
s gm
/kg
Model Year
HDDV NOx Emissions by OHMS/SHED and by RSD optical method "O" N= about 10,000
Cottonwood
Peralta
POLA 2013
POLA 2012
Vancouver
Texas
o
o
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
NO
2/NO
xratio
Chassis Model Year
NO2/NOx Ratio
Houston 2009
Peralta 2009
Port of LA 2009
Optical RSD POLA and Peralta
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‐0.4
‐0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
NO2/NOx OHMS Vancouver 2013
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HDDV NOx results
• Optical one second snapshot and SHED/OHMS results provide reasonable agreement on HDDV NOx emissions by model year.
• OHMS results do not (yet?) meet the USEPA 2010 standard of about 1.33 gm/kg of fuel. This may arise from averaging.
• Interesting things happen with the NO2/NOxratio by MY.
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OHMS Smoke Results
• Attend CRC next week for most up to date OHMS smoke results.
• Next slide shows Vancouver smoke results in which the newest HDDV mostly meet the USEPA and CARB standards of about 0.07 gm/kg.
• The one second optical snap shot RSD does appear to have a small offset of about 0.5 gm/kg.
• From older HDDV smoke is throttle dependent.• Note that Port 2007 chassis HDDV were required to meet 2007 motor smoke emission standards.
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
PM and BC g/kg vs model year Vancouver and POLA
PM g/kg
BC g/kg
POLA
Approx. Std.
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Applications
• Entry to Ports? Weigh stations?• Border crossing (including weight power and braking capability)
• HDV I/M “My car gets tested what are you doing about all those trucks”? Essentially an ASM or IM240 test using the road as the dynamometer
• DPF (and SCR) deterioration; random testing
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Texas
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Texas
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Port of LA OHMS
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Cottonwood OHMS
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Conclusions• OHMS works!• It works in narrow low tents and taller wider tents (except tall and wide loses some lower exhaust trucks in a strong headwind).
• Texas had problems with CO and HC early and BC all the time.
• Vancouver and more recent data look very good.• Emissions results of new regulations are apparent especially smoke.
• OHMS test takes 15 seconds. • PEMS >2 hrs, HDDyno ~12 hrs!
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Thank You
• Questions