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1370 W 6th St, 3rd floor Cleveland, OH 44113216.574.9100

October 20–22, 2015 • Cobo Convention Center • Detroit, Michigan, USA

HEAT TREATING 2015PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28th

ASM HEAT TREATING SOCIETY CONFERENCE

HT_ConferenceProceedings_Cover.indd 2 10/7/2015 9:02:32 AM

Heat Treating 2015

Proceedings of the 28th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference

October 20–22, 2015 Cobo Convention Center Detroit, Michigan, USA

Organized by

Published by ASM International

Materials Park, Ohio 44073-0002 asminternational.org

Copyright 2015 by

ASM International® All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Great care is taken in the compilation and production of this book, but it should be made clear that NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE GIVEN IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PUBLICATION. Although this information is believed to be accurate by ASM, ASM cannot guarantee that favorable results will be obtained from the use of this publication alone. This publication is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their sole discretion and risk. Since the conditions of product or material use are outside of ASM's control, ASM assumes no liability or obligation in connection with any use of this information. No claim of any kind, whether as to products or information in this publication, and whether or not based on negligence, shall be greater in amount than the purchase price of this product or publication in respect of which damages are claimed. THE REMEDY HEREBY PROVIDED SHALL BE THE EXCLUSIVE AND SOLE REMEDY OF BUYER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER OR NOT CAUSED BY OR RESULTING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF SUCH PARTY. As with any material, evaluation of the material under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Therefore, specific testing under actual conditions is recommended.

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Comments, criticisms, and suggestions are invited, and should be forwarded to ASM International.

EISBN: 978-1-62708-105-4 SAN: 204-7586

ASM International® Materials Park, OH 44073-0002

www.asminternational.org

Heat Treat 2015 Organizing Committee

Conference Chair

Richard D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (US)

Committee Members

Lauralice Canale Universidade de São Paulo (BR)

Rafael Coás Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (MX)

Hanshan Dong University of Birmingham (GB)

Kip Findley Colorado School of Mines (US)

Bozidar Liscic University of Zagreb (HR)

Olga Rowan CAT (US)

Brigitte Haase Sandstedt Hochschule Bremerhaven, (DE)

Satyam Sahay John Deere Technology Center (IN)

Volker Schulze Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)

Božo Smoljan University of Rijeka (HR)

Marcel A. J. Somers Technical University of Denmark (DK)

Eva Troell Swerea (SE)

Gang Wang Tsinghua University (CN)

Emilia Wołowiec-Korecka Lodz University of Technology (PL)

Piotr Zawistowski SECO/WARWICK Corporation (US)

iii

Heat Treat 2015 Reviewers

Extended Abstract and Manuscript Reviewers

Aquil Ahmad Retired Chief Metallurgist, Eaton Corporation

Andrew L. Banka Airflow Sciences Corporation

Sunniva R. Collins Case Western Reserve University

David Coulston LECO Corporation

R. CrydermanColorado School of Mines

John Duggan Heatbath Park Metallurgical

Lesley Frame Inductotherm Group

B. Lynn FergusonDANTE Solutions

Andrew Freborg DANTE Solutions, Inc.

Robert Gaster John Deere Moline Technology Innovation Center

Robert C. Goldstein Fluxtrol Incorporated

Marc Glasser Rolled Alloys

Dave Guisbert QA Metallurgical Services LLC

John R Keough Applied Process Inc — Technologies Division

Stephen Kowalski Kowalski Heat Treating

Tim LeClair Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corp.

D. Scott MacKenzieHoughton International

Robert J. Madeira Inductoheat Inc.

Rozalia Papp Air Liquide U.S. LP

Michael A. Pershing Caterpillar Inc.

George Pfaffmann Ajax Tocco Incorporated

Tom Philips Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Michael J. Schneider The Timken Company

Richard D Sisson Worcester Polytechnic Institute

George E. Totten Portland State University

Qigui Wang General Motors Company

Zbigniew Zurecki Air Products & Chemicals

iv

v

Contents

Advanced Processes

Beyond Larsen MillerA.R. Ramakrishnan and M. Grenier Pyromaitre

Vacuum Furnaces Were Made for Additive ManufacturingRobert Hill

Advances in Heat Treating

Laser Heat Treatment with Latest System ComponentsSteffen Bonss, Jan Hannweber, Udo Karsunke, Stefan Kuehn, Marko Seifert, Dirk Poegen, and Eckhard Beyer Fraunhofer IWS

Replacing Hot Stamped, Boron, and DP1000 with Room Temperature Formable Flash Bainite 1500 Advanced High-Strength Steel

Gary M Cola, Jr., SFP Works, LLC

Residual Stress Distribution in Induction Hardened GearDmitry Ivanov, John Inge Asperheim, and Leif Markegård EFD Induction a.s.

Heat Treating 400-Series Stainless in Air without FlakingSusan J. Kerber, Material Interface, Inc.

Austempering Treatment in HIP Improves Ausferritic Steels and Ductile IronsRichard Larker1 and Per Rubin2

(1) Indexator Materials Technology AB(2) Rubin Materialteknik

Behavior of a Complex Steel Part during Hardening Heat TreatmentVishal R. Marje, Srivatsa Kulkarni, G. Balachandran, and V. Balasubramanian, Kalyani Carpenter Special Steels Ltd.

New Technical Resource for Induction Heat Treating ProfessionalsValery Rudnev, Inductoheat Inc.

The Effects of Tempering on the Structure of Martensite in 52100 SteelHaixuan Yu, Yuan Lu, Xiaoqing Cai, and Richard D.Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

High Temperature Austenitizing of Low Alloy Steels—What is Left after 40 Years?Donato Firrao, Paolo Matteis, Pietro Cornetti, and Alberto Sapora Politecnico di Torino (Turin Technical University)

vi

Development of Nanostructured Austempered Ductile Cast IronSusil K. Putatunda, Saranya Panneerselvam, and Mohamed Alshwigi Wayne State University

Analysis of Heat Treat Growth on Carburized Ring Gear and Multivariate Regression Model Development

Olga K. Rowan and Thomas J. Yaniak Caterpillar Inc.

Design and Validation of Induction Heat Treatment Processes Utilizing 2D and 3D Computer Simulation

Collin Russell, Inductoheat Inc. (Inductotherm Group)

Principles of Heat Treatment Processes ModelingEmilia Wołowiec-Korecka, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Aluminum, Titanum, Copper Alloys, Refractory Metals, Etc.

Analyses of Aging in Aluminum Cast Alloys by X-Ray DiffractionM. Delgado1, F.A. Pérez-González1, N.F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca, R. Colás1, C.S. Cázares2, J.A. González2, J. Talamantes-Silva2, and S. Haro3

(1) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León(2) Nemak México(3) Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas

New Heat Treatment Technologies for Aluminum Automotive Body StructuresTim Donofrio

Quenching and Distortion Analyses in AluminumL. Espinosa1, O. Zapata1, F.A. Pérez-González1, L.A. Reyes1, R. Colás1, K. Mariella2, and A. Cantú2

(1) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León(2) Nutec Bickley

Microstructure Effects on Tensile Brittleness of As-Quenched Zl205A at Elevated Temperature

Wang Wenguang1, Wang Gang1, Rong Yiming1, and Guannan Guo2

(1) Tsinghua University(2) Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Effects of Deformation and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Ashish Supare, Shital Jadhav, Sandip Patil, Amit Powar, Bhagwan Farane, and Rajkumar Singh Bharat Forge Ltd.

vii

Applied Energy

Effect of Steel Hardenability on Stress Formation in an Induction Hardened Axle ShaftB. Lynn Ferguson1, Justin Sims1, Z. Charlie Li1, Valentin Nemkov2, Robert Goldstein2, and John Jackowski2

(1) DANTE Solutions, Inc.(2) Fluxtrol, Inc.

Torsional Fatigue Behavior of Through Surface Hardened Low Hardenability Steel Compared To Gas Carburized SAE 8620 Steel

Erin M. Govier, Matthew Glass, and James Larsen Eaton

The Pick-Up-Revolution for Hardening CV-Joints—Combining Multiple Heat Treating Operations into the Same Set-Up for Speed, Process Stability, and Ease of Integration into the Process Chain

Christian Krause1, Mark Davis2, and Dirk Schlesselmann1

(1) EMAG eldec induction GmbH(2) eldec LLC

Effective Ways of Joining Using Induction Heating TechnologyScott R. Larrabee, Radyne Corporation

Breakthrough in Induction Hardening ShaftsValery Rudnev, William West, Aaron Goodwin, and Steve Fillip Inductoheat Inc.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Analysis of Rapidly Heat Treated M-42 High-Speed Steels

R.N. KarthikBabu, R. Sarvesh, Prasad A. Rajendra, and G. Swaminathan Sri Sairam Engineering College

Applied Technology

Advances in Power Supplies for Efficient Electric HeatingSouheil Benzerrouk, Warner Power LLC

Multiple Chamber Vacuum Furnace Designs Improve Efficiency, Part Appearance, and Hot Zone Maintenance

Benjamin T. Bernard, Surface Combustion, Inc.

The 1:1 Rule for Quench Tanks—A Suboptimal and Misapplied Design CriterionWilliam J. Bernard, III, Surface Combustion, Inc.

viii

Specifying Nitriding Process RequirementsMadhu S. Chatterjee1 and Roxana Ruxanda2

(1) General Motors(2) Emerson Climate Technologies

Obtaining Nadcap Accreditation—Helping You Pass Your AuditNathan Durham, Ipsen

Choosing the Proper Heat Resistant Alloy Based on Application CriteriaMarc Glasser, Rolled Alloys

RA 602 CA—An Alloy for the Highest Temperature ProcessesMarc Glasser, Rolled Alloys

The Growth of Predictive Maintenance and Its Effect on Future Furnace PerformanceAymeric Goldsteinas, Ipsen USA

Retiring Paper-Based Maintenance Systems in Commercial Heat Treating ShopsRoger A Jones, Solar Atmospheres, Inc.

Heat Treating in the Digital AgeBill Klick, O’Brien & Gere (Denton TSI)

Maximizing the Work Zone with Creative FixturesRobert E. Kornfeld, Hi-Tech Furnace Systems, Inc.

Reducing Ammonia Consumption and Emissions Using Zeroflow Gas NitridingLeszek Małdziński1 and Mark K. Hemsath2

(1) Poznan University of Technology (2) SECO/Warwick Corp.

Understanding Furnace Atmosphere Composition for Neutral and Gas Carburizing Applications

Jim Oakes, Super Systems Inc.

Understanding Process Sensitivities in Press Quenching—An integrated ApproachArthur C. Reardon1, Andrew Freborg2, Z. Charlie Li2, and B. Lynn Ferguson2

(1) The Gleason Works(2) DANTE Solutions Inc.

Effects of Polymer Concentration in Quenchant BathJustin Schlitzer and John Hollenbeck Honeywell Federal Manufacturing and Technologies LLC

Everything You Wanted To Know About AMS2750E but Were Afraid To AskJason Schulze, Director of Technical Services

Hydroprime Modular Plants Provide Low Cost, Reliable Hydrogen for Heat TreatingGoutam H. Shahani1, Kyle Finley1, Larry Lyda1, Grzegorz Moroz2, and Nick Onelli2

(1) Hydro-Chem, Canton(2)Linde LLC Murray Hill

ix

Next Gen Technology—Wearables and Predictive Maintenance in Heat TreatmentPeter Sherwin, Eurotherm by Schneider Electric

Prediction of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Composition of Quenched and Tempered Steel

Božo Smoljan, Dario Iljki, and Neven Tomaši University of Rijeka

Furnace Atmosphere Troubleshooting—Producing the Highest Quality Stainless Steel CutleryRichard F. Speaker, Air Liquide Industrial U.S. LP

Rockwell Hardness Bench Testing of Induction Heat Treated Work PiecesF. R Specht, North America Interpower Induction USA

Controlled Gas Nitriding/Nitrocarburizing Process Control and Precalculation PossibilitiesS. Heineck and Frank Theisen STANGE Elektronik GmbH

How it’s Done and Why—Transitioning Parts from Atmosphere Carburizing to Low-Pressure Vacuum Carburizing

Vincent Lelong1 and Amberlee Welch2

(1) ECM-USA, Inc.(2) Nexteer Automotive

Temperature Processing Evolves Atmosphere Practices to Meet Community Needs—At a ProfitDavid Wolff1, Will Engelhard2, and Richard Brennan3

(1) Proton OnSite(2) Temperature Processing(3) Thermo Products

Best Practice for Design and Manufacturing of Heat Treating InductorsC.Yakey, V. Nemkov, R. Goldstein, and J. Jackowski Fluxtrol Inc.

Enhancement of Carbonitride Tool—Retained Austenite and Microhardness PredictionLei Zhang, Liang He, and R.D. Sisson Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Technology and Advancements in Analog and Digital ControlSteve Miller, Eurotherm

Atmosphere Technology

Optimization of Protective Atmospheres for Annealing and Hardening Operations in Continuous Furnaces

Liang He and Zbigniew Zurecki Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

x

Plasma Nitriding Potential and a New Modeling Approach for Plasma Nitriding Process ControlMarian Georg Skalecki1, Heinrich Klümper-Westkamp1, Franz Hoffmann1, Hans-Werner Zoch1, Sebastian Bischoff2, and Jörn Rohde2

(1) Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik (IWT)(2) Rohde Schutzgasöfen GmbH

Microstructure Development

Microstructure Development in AISI 4140 Steels during TemperingXiaoqing Cai and R.D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Improvement in Mechanical Properties of 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steels Using Modified Heat Treatments

Srivatsa Kulkarni, Perla Srinivas, P.K. Biswal, G. Balachandran, and V. Balasubramanian Kalyani Carpenter Special Steels Pvt. Ltd.

Determination of the Cause of Low Temperature Charpy Toughness Values in ASTM A350 LF2 Flanges

Andrew B. Nissan and Kirk C. Baker Chevron

Microstructure and Failure Analysis of Austenitic Fe-Ni Alloys and Ni-Cr-Fe Alloys for Furnace Alloys and Fixtures

Anbo Wang and R.D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V via Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Yangzi Xu, Yuan Lu, and R.D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Meandering Winding Magnetometers for the Evaluation of Surface Hardness on Carburized Steel

Lei Zhang and Richard D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

The Influence of Temperature on the Austenite Grain Size and Microstructure of 4140 SteelRui Zhang and Richard D. Sisson, Jr. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Processes and Applications

Induction Coupled Thermomagnetic Processing Aquil Ahmad1 and George Pfaffmann2

(1) Eaton(2) Ajax Tocco Incorporated

xi

How Mass Imbalance and Cold-Sink Effects influence Induction Hardened Case DepthAndrew Bernhard, Radyne

Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on AISI H13 Tool SteelValmik Bhavar, Shreyans Khot, Prakash Kattire, Mohan Mehta, and R.K.P. Singh Pune

Advanced Robotics in Heat Treat Verification Using Eddy CurrentDan DeVries, Criterion NDT

Torsional Fatigue Behavior of 8620 Steel Subjected to High-Magnetic Field Thermal ProcessingJames M. Larsen, Erin M. Govier, and Matthew J. Glass Eaton Vehicle Group

Applying and Specifying Metallurgical Engineering in the Production of Heavy Truck Axle Shafts

Steven C. Heifner, Sypris Technologies, Inc.

Ten New Trends in Heat Treatment—Global ProspectiveJanusz Kowalewski

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AISI 41B30 Forgings in As-Forged and Normalized Condition

Dusan Milicevic, Commercial Forged Products Inc.

Energy Savings through Steady State ControlChris Mooney, Eurotherm by Schneider Electric

Austempering: Process, Applications, and EquipmentWallace John Titus and Michael E. Neumann AFC-Holcroft LLC

The Sub-Zero Celsius Treatment of Precipitation Hardenable Semi-Austenitic Stainless SteelsMatteo Villa, Mikkel F. Hansen, and Marcel A.J. Somers Technical University of Denmark

Sustainable Energy Efficiency in IndustryMichael L. Stowe, Advanced Energy

Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for Furnace Design and ImprovementsRonald E. Waligora, AFC-Holcroft LLC

Simulation of Nitriding ProcessesKarl-Michael Winter, Process-Electronic GmbH

Quenching and Cooling

Countermeasures for Various Defective Phenomenon in the Heat Treatment ProcessKatsumi Ichitani and Yuji Arita Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.

xii

Controlled Cooling as an Alternative to Normalizing/Isoannealing Heat Treatment of Case Carburizing Grade Steel Forgings

Priyanshu Bajaj1, Pallav Chatterjee2, and Udayan B. Pathak2

(1) Kalyani Forge Limited(2) Tata Motors Limited

High-Strength Steel Bainitizing Using Controlled In Situ Gas Quenching within Machining Processes

Thibaud Bucquet, Udo Fritsching, Maxim Gulpak, and André Wagner IWT Bremen

Quenching Process Analysis of an Aluminum Cylinder Using Computational Fluid DynamicsAlberto Cantu-Perez1, Nutec Bickley2, Rafael Colás2, Luis Espinosa2, Omar Rodriguez3, and Arturo Keer3 (1) Karlo Mariella(2) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León(3) Instituto Tecnológico Sanmiguelense

Role of Staggered-Array Water Jet on Intensive Quenching for Heat TreatmentJungho Lee1, Tae Hoon Kim1, Kyu Hyung Do1, Sangho Sohn1, Seong Hyuk Lee2, and Chang Kyung Choi3

(1) Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) (2) Chung-Ang University (3) Michigan Technological University

Coupling CFD and Oil Quench Hardening Analysis of Gear ComponentZhichao (Charlie) Li1, B. Lynn Ferguson1, David Greif2, Zlatko Kovacic2, Simon Urbas2, and Rok Kopun2 (1) DANTE solutions(2) AVL-AST d.o.o.

Critical Heat Transfer Coefficient Test for Gas Quench Steel HardenabilityYuan Lu1, R.D. Sisson, Jr1, Yiming (Kevin) Rong1, and Jeffrey Mocsari2

(1) Worcester Polytechnic Institute(2) Metals & Combustion R&D

Application of Vegetable-Based Quench Oil to Achieve Safety and Environmental AdvantagesJonn Nebbe1 and D. Scott MacKenzie2

(1) Eaton Corporation (2) Houghton International

Defining the Adequacy of Direct Harden Water Quench SystemsMichael A. Pershing, Christopher A. Barnes, and Zachary S. Birky Caterpillar Inc.

Impact of Internal Oxidation and Quenching Path on Fatigue of Powertrain ComponentsA. Stormvinter, H. Kristoffersen, E. Troell, J. Senaneuch, and S. Haglund Swerea KIMAB AB

Metallurgical Behavior of SAE 1045 Steel Quenched into Chemically Modified BioquenchantsRosa L. Simencio Otero1, Lauralice C.F. Canale1, and George E. Totten2

(1) University of São Paulo(2) G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC

xiii

Predictive Model of Wire Rod CoolingIván Viéitez, Rubén López-Cancelos, Elena B. Martín, and Fernando Varas University of Vigo

Effect of Hardenability on Temperature and Phases of Spiral Bevel Gear in Press Quenching Process

Gang Wang1, Yingtao Zhang1, Lin Yang2, Lei Cui2, and Zhichao (Charlie) Li3 (1) Tsinghua University(2) China FAW Group Corporation R&D Center(3) DANTE Solutions, Inc.

Implementation of a Boiling Heat Transfer Model Based on an Experimental DatabaseAndrew L. Banka and Jeffrey D. Franklin Airflow Sciences Corporation

Geometry Optimized QuenchingCato Dybdahl1 and Fredrik Haakonsen2

(1) Sintef Raufoss Manufacturing(2) Kverneland Group Operations Norway

Enhanced Heat Transfer Coefficient Method to Model Air Quench Process—Investigation of | Heat Transfer Coefficient Characteristics by CFD Methods

James Jan, Eben Prabhu, Xingfu Chen, and Ulrich Weiss Ford Motor Company

Ring Gear Microstructure and Heat Treat ResponseYing-Liang R. Lee, Olga K. Rowan, and Michael A. Pershing Caterpillar Inc.

Evaluation of Ultra-High Gas Pressure Quenching during HIPStephen J. Mashl1, Anders Eklund2, and Magnus Ahlfors3

(1) Michigan Technological University (2) Quintus Technologies, LLC(3) Avure Technologies AB

Quench Tank Agitation Design through CFD SimulationAndrew L. Banka1, John D. Nitz1, Chris Desadier2, Jianhua Xie2, and Xiping Zhang3

(1) Airflow Sciences Corporation(2) National Oilwell Varco XL Systems (3) Jiangsu Shuguang Oil Tools Limited

Direct Forge Quenching of Medium Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel ForgingsPriyanshu Bajaj1 and Udayan B. Pathak2

(1) Kalyani Forge Limited (2) Tata Motors Limited

Stabilization of Vegetable Oil-Based Quenchants to Thermal-Oxidative Degradation— (Part I) Effect of Antioxidants on Quenching Performance

Éder Cícero Adão Simêncio1, Rosa L. Simencio Otero1, Lauralice C.F. Canale1, and George E. Totten2

(1) University of São Paulo(2) G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC

xiv

Surface Engineering

Optimizing Surface Activation for Repeatable Compound Layer GrowthZachary S. Birky, Caterpillar Inc.

Evolution of Steel Surface Morphology during Controlled Gaseous NitridingD. Koshel1, J. Kalucki1, M. Ellaya1, and C. Harnagea2

(1) Nitrex Metal Inc.(2) INRS-EMT 1650

Torsional Fatigue Performance of Induction Hardened 1045 and 10V45 SteelsLee Rothleutner1, Robert Cryderman1, Chester J. Van Tyne1, and Jody Burke2 (1) Colorado School of Mines(2) Gerdau Special Steel North America

Modelling of Composition and Stress Profiles in Low-Temperature Surface Engineered Stainless Steel

Freja N. Jespersen, Jesper H. Hattel, and Marcel A.J. Somers Technical University of Denmark

Influence of Plastic Deformation on Low-Temperature Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel by Gaseous Nitriding

Federico Bottoli, Grethe Winther, Thomas L. Christiansen, and Marcel A.J. Somers Technical University of Denmark

Internal Nitriding of Fe-Cr-Mo Alloys—Precipitation of Mixed Nitrides and Role of the Cr/Mo-Ratio

Tobias Steiner1, Sai Ramudu Meka1, Eric J. Mittemeijer1, and Thomas Waldenmaier2

(1) Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems (formerly MPI for Metals Research)(2) Robert Bosch GmbH

Microstructural Evaluation of Salt Nitrocarburizing as a Function of TimeJulio Alberto Juarez-Islas1 and Mario Fabian Mendez2

(1) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (2) Especialidades Termicas

Vacuum Processes and Technology

New Applications for Synchronized Vacuum Heat TreatmentVolker Heuer1, Dr. Klaus Löser1, and Bill Gornicki2

(1) ALD-Vacuum Technologies GmbH(2) ALD-Holcroft

Minimizing Alpha Case during Vacuum Furnace Heat TreatingDonald Jordan, Solar Atmospheres

Dynamic Fluoride Ion Cleaning as a Pre-Braze ProcessRobert E. Kornfeld, Hi-Tech Furnace Systems, Inc.

xv

Low Pressure Carburizing in a Vacuum FurnaceThomas Lord, Seco/Warwick

Maximizing Quenching and Cooling in Vacuum Heat TreatingThomas Wingens, Tenova Core Inc.

Posters

Comparative Impact Behavior of High C Steel after Conventional Quenching and Tempering and Austempering

Jan Vatavuk1, George E. Totten2, José E. Nucci3, Luigi L.M. Albano3, and Lauralice de C.F. Canale3

(1) Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie(2) Portland State University(3) University of São Paulo

Modeling and Optimization of Metal Induction Heating before Hot Forming and Heat Treatment

Yuliya Pleshivtseva, Samara State Technical University

Effect of Heating Rate on the Microstructure and Fatigue Properties of 2524 Aluminum AlloyCong Tang, Danqing Yia, Bin Wanga, Huiqun Liua, Fanghua Shena, and Zhe Tiana Central South University

Influence of Sintering Atmosphere in the Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Shaped from Powder Injection Molding Process

Willian Januário de Freitas1, Gustavo Satoru Takeya2, Luiz Carlos Casteletti2, and George Edward Totten3

(1) 3M Brazil(2) Universidade de São Paulo(3) Portland State University

Boroaustempering Treatment on Alloyed Ductile IronsFábio Edson Mariani1, Gustavo Satoru Takeya1, Luiz Carlos Casteletti1, Amadeu Lombardi Neto2, and George Edward Totten3

(1) Universidade de São Paulo(2) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(3) Portland State University

Wear Properties of a Gray Cast Iron Coated with Niobium Carbide Produced by Pack ProcessFábio Edson Mariani1, Gustavo Bortoluci de Assis1, Luiz Carlos Casteletti1, Amadeu Lombardi Neto2, and George Edward Totten3

(1) Universidade de São Paulo(2) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(3) Portland State University

Study of Boriding Kinetics for Alloyed Ductile IronsFábio Edson Mariani1, Galtiere Correa Rego1, Luiz Carlos Casteletti1, Amadeu Lombardi Neto2, and George Edward Totten3

(1) Universidade de São Paulo(2) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(3) Portland State University

xvi

Influence of Boriding Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance of the AISI H13 Tool SteelStenio Cristaldo Heck1, Gustavo Satoru Takeya1, Luiz Carlos Casteletti1, Amadeu Lombardi Neto2, and George Edward Totten3 (1) Universidade de São Paulo(2) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(3) Portland State University

Heat Treatment of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels Alloyed with NiobiumLuiz Carlos Casteletti1, Fábio Edson Mariani1, Amadeu Lombardi Neto2, André Itman Filho3, and George Edward Totten4

(1) Universidade de São Paulo(2) Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná(3) Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo(4) Portland State University

The R&D of Heat Treatment Process and Equipment for Thick Wall Petroleum Pipe Used with Screw Drill Tool

Wang Zhanjun, Zhang Wenliang, Wang Jin, Wu Jialong, Wang Chengcheng, Chen Tianxiang, and Jia Wei Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Technology