heat stress prevention – a case study | dr. divyang shah, – occupational health & medical...
DESCRIPTION
Global HSE Conference | Sept 26 - 27 2013 | New Delhi, IndiaTRANSCRIPT
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HEAT STRESS
PREVENTION – A CASE
STUDY
Dr. Divyang Shah
MD (PSM), DIH
Deputy General Manager – Occupational Health & Medical Services,
Alan Shreeve
Head - ConstructionCairn India Ltd.
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Agenda
What is heat stress
Problem statement
Intervention Strategy
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Heat Storage =Metabolism ± Radiation ± Conduction ± Convection - Evaporation
Heat Stress is the burden or load of heat that must be dissipated if the body is to remain in thermal equilibrium.
What is heat stress?
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Causal Factors
Personal Risk Factors-
• Age- 40 or more• Weight (BMI > 35)• Poor Physical fitness• Lack of Acclimatization• Alcohol & medication• Hypertension/ Heart
disease• Previous heat related
illness
Environmental Factors-
• Ambient air temperature• Radiant heat• Air movement• Relative humidity
Job factors-• Types of clothing's/ PPEs• Work load
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Effect on Body Due To Increase of Core Temp.
Exposure to hot environment
Body temperature rises
To get rid of excess heat heart rate increases
Blood flow to skin increases which carried away the excess heat from vital organs to skin
Body sweats
Evaporation of sweat
Results in decrease in body temp
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Effects of Heat Stress
HEAT CRAMPS
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Rajasthan, situated in the western part of India is known for the largest desert in Indian subcontinent. The largest discovery of oil in Indian soil was made in 2006.
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Problem Statement
The death toll is expected to rise with experts forecasting temperatures approaching 50 oC (122 oF) in coming months. More than 100 people are reported to have died in the state of Gujarat where the mercury topped at 48.5 oC last week. At least 90 died in Maharashtra, 35 in Rajasthan and 34 in Bihar.
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Problem Statement
• 2009-10 The peak of construction activities
• More than 18000 workforce were involved in construction and commissioning activities
• The temperature in this area usually reaches up to 480C (1200F) in summer,
• Being a mega construction project, all personnel were pressed against tight project execution schedule.
Jan/
04
May
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Sep/0
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May
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Sep/0
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May
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Sep/0
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Jan/
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May
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Sep/0
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May
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Jan/
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May
/09
Sep/0
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1020
25
30
35
40
45
50Maximum Temperature over last 6 years
Average Max.
Highest
Tem
p o
C
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Major Activities
Work at Height
Excavation
Manual Material Handling
Civil / Earthen work
Travel
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INTERVENTIONS
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Management commitment
Rahul Dhir, CEO & MDElango P, Interim CEOExecutive Directors
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Heat Stress Prevention Guidelines
Table of ContentsDOCUMENT CHANGE HISTORY
2TABLE OF CONTENTS
21. PURPOSE
32. SCOPE
33. DEFINITIONS
34. RECOGNIZE THE HEAT STRESS HAZARD IN TERMS OF BODY TEMPERATURE:
45. EVALUATION:
56. CONTROL:
67. ACCLIMATISATION
88. MONITORING REGIME
89. TRAINING AND SUPPORT
910. RESPONSIBILITIES
911. REFERENCES
10APPENDIX–A FITNESS FOR WORK IN HEAT STRESS ENVIRONMENT 11APPENDIX-B HEAT STRESS INDICES
12APPENDIX-C FLAG SIGNS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
14APPENDIX-D WBGT AND RECOMMENDED WORK REST REGIME 16APPENDIX–E SELF EVALUATION
17APPENDIX-F GUIDELINES FOR ACCLIMATISATION AND RE-ACCLIMATISATION
18APPENDIX-G EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS
19
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Cairn India HSS 12 April 2023
Control of Heat Stress
Acclimatization
Fluid Replacement
Engineering Controls
Work Practices
Administrative Controls
PPEs
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Cairn India HSS 12 April 2023
Acclimatisation
Activity (Percentage of full work assignment)
Day Experienced Worker New Worker
1st 50% 20%
2nd 60% 40%
3rd 80% 60%
4th 100% 80%
5th 100% 100%
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Awareness campaign
Self EvaluationUrine Colour
Interpretation and remedyExtremely Dehydrated
Drink water immediately
Mildly Dehydrated
Drink More Water
Not dehydrated
Drink water regularly
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Heat index chart
Relative Humidity in %
100% 95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15% 10%
Air Temp (in OC)
49 50 49
48 49 48
47 50 47 47
46 49 46 46
45 50 47 45 45
44 49 46 43 44
43 49 47 45 42 43
42 50 48 46 43 41 42
41 48 46 44 42 40 41
40 49 47 45 43 41 39 40
39 49 47 45 43 41 40 37 39
38 49 47 45 43 42 40 39 36 38
37 49 47 45 44 42 40 38 37 35 37
36 50 49 47 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 34 36
35 50 48 47 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 35 33 35
34 49 48 46 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 34 34 31 34
33 50 48 47 46 44 43 41 40 38 37 36 34 33 33 30 33
32 50 49 48 46 45 44 42 41 40 38 37 35 34 33 32 30 29 32
31 50 49 48 47 45 44 43 42 40 39 38 37 35 34 33 32 30 29 28 31
30 48 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 30
29 46 45 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 29
28 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 30 30 29 28 27 26 25 28
27 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 26 25 27
26 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 27 27 26 25 26
25 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 25
24 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 24
23 33 32 31 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 23
22 31 30 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 22
21 29 29 28 27 26 26 25 21
100% 95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15% 10%
Old chartLimitation: Requires WBGT meter, in absence of which interpretation in incorrect
New chartAdvantage: Based on recent research and publication, does not require special equipment, interpretation is based on air temperature and relative humidity only.
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Flag signsDanger
Category/ Flag
Colour
WBGT Index
Humidex (Based on temp. and humidity)
Heat related Health Risk
Water Requirement(1 cup = ½
litre)
Work: Rest
Period(Minute
s)
Controls
Humidex -1Moderate physical
Work, unacclimatised worker,
OR Heavy physical work, acclimatised worker
Humidex -2Moderate physical work, acclimatised
worker,OR
Light physical work, unacclimatised
worker
IV. Extreme Danger
≥40 ≥46 ≥50 Heat stroke or sunstroke imminent
1 cup every 10 minutes
- A. For drilling & well services activity*: Work rest regime of 20:10 minutes, worker must be acclimatizedB. For other Activities and Operations: Work inside the buildings and under well ventilated shed/ shade areas. No work at elevation or where exposed to direct sun
III. Danger 34-39 38-45 43-49 Sunstroke, Heat Exhaustion or Heat cramps likely. Heat Stroke possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity
1 cup every 15 minutes
30:10 Work under shade, Elevated work stopped
II. Extreme Caution
28-33 30-37 36-42 Heat stroke, Heat Exhaustion or Heat cramps possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity
1 cup every 20 minutes
45:15 No working alone, Self-pace
I. Caution 22-27 Up to 29 Up to 35 Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.
1 cup every 30 minutes
Continuous
work
Continuous visual monitoring of workers in direct sun and heavy work
*There are certain jobs (like preparing casings, cleaning, housekeeping etc) which can be planned during other than “Red Flag” period. Rest periods do not necessarily mean that the workers are on break; these can be productive times. During the rest periods, workers may continue to perform mild or light work, such as completing paperwork, sorting small parts, attending a meeting, or receiving training (e.g., instructions for upcoming work, a time out for safety or a tailgate safety talk).
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•Heat Stress induction training
•Frequent workshops and road shows for workforce
•>700 earthen pots at worksite
•All workforce provided with insulated water bottle before entering the
site
•Rest shelters
•Hourly monitoring and broadcasting of heat index
•Flag signs at work locations
to ensure continuous focus
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Success: Zero Incident of Heat Related Illness throughout the Project Period
Prime Minister of India with First oil from the facility