Vathana Ngeth Biomedical Engineering

University of Rhode Island

Heart Valves for Congenital Heart Disease Patients

What is congenital heart disease?

• Problems of the heart present at birth

• Most common birth defect• 8 out of every 1000

newborns affected• No types of prevention

http://www.healthcentral.com/common/images/1/18133_11388_5.jpg

What is aortic valve stenosis?Issues:• Stiffening• Thickening• Valve fusionSymptoms:• Causes chest pain• Poor circulation• Easily fatigued

https://carmenwiki.osu.edu/download/attachments/15439430/aortic%20stenosis-1.jpg

• Allows for the blood to flow out of the heart

Biological Valves

• Animal tissues or donors• Used the least• Short life duration

http://www.reidhealthcare.ie/images/cardiac-surgery/bhv1_web.png

http://www.clemson.edu/media-relations/archive/newsroom/multimedia/images/2008_images/september/pigvalve.jpg

• No need for blood thinners• Lower risk of thrombi

Caged Ball Valve

http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~nag38/Images/ball_clip_image001.jpg

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/278433/530wm/M5610088-Artificial_heart_valve-SPL.jpg

http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/tdn.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/b/15/edf/b15edf66-da7f-11df-b4d8-001cc4c03286-revisions/4cbbe6ff3a85e.image.jpg

Tilting Disc Valve

http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/tilting-disc-heart-valve.jpg

Bi-leaflet Valve

http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~nag38/Images/bil_clip_image001.jpg

http://www.lbl.gov/ritchie/Programs/BIO/bileaflet.jpg

What is the procedure?

• Replacement surgery– Incisions in the chest

through skin and muscle• Open heart• Endoscopy

– Assistance of lung-heart machine

– Average duration 3-6 hours

• Too severe for repair (minimally invasive surgery)

http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/22868.jpg

Complications

• Extreme stress on the body• Restarting the heart• Fluid buildup around the cardiac cavity• Proper valve function• Very high risk of infection• Blood clots

Patient’s future

• Biological Heart Valve– Another major surgery

• Mechanical Heat Valve– Blood thinner medication– Regular heart check-ups

• Limited to no physically rigorous activity

Future of heart valves and procedures

• Development of better materials– Stronger for less degradation

• More fluid dynamic valves• Better techniques to reduce pain and

recovery time

Works Cited"Aortic Valve." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 12 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve>."Artificial Heart Valve." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 15 Oct. 2011. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart_valve>."Heart Valve Surgery." Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. University of Southern Carolina. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.cts.usc.edu/hpg-heartvalvesurgery.html>."New Heart Valve Replacement Technologies Offer Hope for High-risk Patients." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100308122029.htm>.Pick, Adam. "Biological Heart Valve Replacement - Pig, Cow or Human?" Heart Valve Surgery Guide - Heart Surgery Book, Articles, Heart Surgeon Locator, Patient Journals. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <http://www.heart-valve- surgery.com/biological-heart-valve-replacement.php>."What Are Congenital Heart Defects? - NHLBI, NIH." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 1 July 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/chd/>.Zieve, David. "Congenital Heart Disease - PubMed Health." PubMedHealth.com. A.D.A.M.

Inc., 21 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002103/>.

Questions?