healthcare and acoustics an architecture/engineering consulting … · 2019. 4. 9. · room...
TRANSCRIPT
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
FGI / HIPAA / LEED / HCAHPSimpact on the
Acoustical Design for Healthcare Facilities
Steve Thorburn PE, [email protected]
An Architecture/Engineering Consulting firm
specializing in Acoustics, Technology and Lighting
Design for the Commercial, Corporate, Leisure,
Public, Residential, and Healthcare Industries.
Raleigh Durham, North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina
San Francisco, California
Los Angeles, California
Orlando, Florida
Designers – Consultants - Engineers
Five Offices
32 Team Members
Over 3,000 Different Projects
National and International Projects
Slide 4
What Does an
Acoustical Consultant
Do?
Slide 5
Slide 6
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
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Slide 12
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Warning: Today’s session is just a slice of
Acoustical Issues.
It is a very narrow,myopic review of what needs to be considered
in the acoustical detailing of a medical
facility.
FGI / HIPAA / LEED / HCAHPSimpact on the
Acoustical Design for Healthcare Facilities
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Email your AIA Number to:
[email protected] – Subject: NCHEA Spring 2019
AIA Registered Provider
Thorburn Associates Inc. is a registered provider with the American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are
available on request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material
of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to
specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Acoustical Design for Healthcare Facilities
• This session explores how Healthcare / FGI / HIPAA / LEED / HCAHPS
codes, regulations, and design guidelines impact the acoustical
comfort of patients, their families, and building occupants.
Participants will learn how acoustics has a positive impact on the
design of healthcare facilities including hospitals and trauma centers,
laboratories, and assistive living facilities.
• Objectives:
- Review the codes, regulations, and design guidelines impacted by
acoustical issues.
- Learn solutions for making a building friendly for the occupants.
- Learn solutions for making a building friendly for the environment.
- Explore case studies
• AIA/CEU = one HSW/SD
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Housekeeping
• ADA Issues
• Questions
• AIA Credit
Email your AIA Number to:
[email protected] – Subject: NCHEA Spring 2019
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Slide 22
So why does it all matter?So why does it all matter?
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A Trip to the Doctor’s Office is Rarely
Associated with a Good Feeling!
A Trip to the Doctor’s Office is Rarely
Associated with a Good Feeling!
Who or What is Steering the Ship?Who or What is Steering the Ship?
-HIPAA
-HCAHPS
-LEED
-ASHE/FGI
-HIPAA
-HCAHPS
-LEED
-ASHE/FGI
Slide 24Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Minimum Quality of Care
State Medical Inspectors
(DHSR / OSHPD / AHCA)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
American Hospital Association
(AHA / ASHE)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Internal Criteria from Medical Center
State / Local Building Code (s)
10A NCAC 13B .6105FGI Guidelines
January 1, 2018
North Carolina adopted
portions of the
2014 FGI Guidelines.
2018 is the current printing
of the FGI Guidelines.
FGI Guidelines
• Developed to meet the unique needs of the healthcare
market, including inpatient and outpatient care facilities and licensed long term care facilities.
• May also be used for
• medical offices
• FGI Outpatient Building Section was not adopted by North Carolina (Chapter 3 in 2010 FGI)
• In 2018 FGI outpatient is it’s own book!
• assisted living facilities
• medical education & research centers
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
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HIPAAHIPAAThorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Signal To Noise
Articulation Index
Speech Privacy
Signal To Noise
Articulation Index
Speech Privacy
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HIPAAHIPAA
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
HIPAAHIPAA
Lobbies and Patient Check InLobbies and Patient Check In
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HIPAAHIPAA
Patient and Procedure Rooms
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HIPAAHIPAA
Did Max have it solved
with the Cone of Silence?
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HIPAAHIPAA
HCAHPSHospital Care Quality Information
from the Consumer Perspective
“two individual items address the cleanliness and
quietness of patients’ rooms”
The Patient and their Families get to grade
the Hospital!
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Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
FGI vs LEED v4 Health Care for Acoustics
=
=LEED only adopted part of the
FGI Acoustical Requirements
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LEED v4 for Healthcare
• LEED v4 for Healthcare adopted FGI Guidelines
• Based on 2010 FGI Guidelines
• – Health Care Facilities
• No Prerequisites for Acoustics
• 2 Credits possible EQ points• Option 1 Speech Privacy, Sound Isolation and Background Noise
• Option 2 Acoustical Finishes and Exterior Noise Levels
• 2010 SV Guidelines for Heath Care Facilities
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FGI – 1.2-6.1 Acoustic Design
• 1.2-6.1.2 Site Exterior Noise (LEED Option 2)
- 1.2-6.1.2.1 Existing exterior noise sources.
- 1.2-6.1.2.2 Facility noise source emissions
• 1.2-6.1.3 Design Criteria for Acoustic Surfaces (LEED Option 2)
• 1.2-6.1.4 Design Criteria for Room Noise Levels (LEED Option 1)
• 1.2-6.1.5 Design Criteria for Performance of Interior Wall and
Floor/Ceiling Constructions (LEED Option 1)
• 1.2-6.1.6 Speech privacy (LEED Option 1)
• 1.2-6.1.7 Design Criteria for Building Vibration
2018 FGI Acoustical Section
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1.2-6.1.2 Site Exterior Noise
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Site Noise Exterior Site Noise Exposure Category
A B C D
General description Minimal Moderate Significant Extreme
Outdoor day-night average sound
level during (Ldn) (dBA)1< 65 65–69 70–74 ≥ 75
Outdoor average hourly nominal
maximum sound level (L01)2 (dBA) < 75 75–79 80–84 ≥ 85
Design Criteria for Sound Isolation of Exterior Shell in New Construction3
Minimum exterior shell
composite sound transmission
rating4, 5, 6
OITC: 25
or
STC: 35
OITC: 30
or
STC: 40
OITC: 35
or
STC: 45
OITC: 40
or
STC: 50
Table 1.2-3: Categorization of
Hospital Sites by Exterior
Ambient Sound with Design
Criteria for Sound Isolation of
Exterior Shell in New
Construction
1 By definition, the day-night average sound level (Ldn) includes the A-weighting and nighttime penalty.
2 L01 is the sound level exceeded 1 percent of the time.
3 Emission's from Facility HVAC Noise / Central Plant
4 Shell Sound Isolation
5 Shell Sounds Isolation – Non Patient Places
6 Shell Sound Isolation Roof
THIS IS BAD! They are
telling us what to build
without confirming
with the building program
or stacking plan!
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Weighting Curves dB vs dBA
SO
UN
D P
RE
SS
UR
E L
EV
EL
, d
B
OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCIES, Hz
31 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
dB
dBA
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How loud is your site?
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Acoustical Site Planning
Major Roads
Residential
Parking Garage
Acoustical Buffer
CUP and
Loading Docks
ER Entrance
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ER / Trauma Issues
• Helipad – Life flights
• Ambulance Runs
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Generator Noise Source
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Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Loading Dock Issues
Time of day
Size of trucks
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What Part of “Don’t Do This” Did They Not Understand?
2 Chillers
3 Cooling
Towers
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Exterior Noise Takeaways
• Document before you start – you will have a base line to fall back on
• Understand how and what sounds will impact each surface
• walls and roof
• How will the building’s systems and services impact the adjacent
properties
• How will the building’s systems and services impact the building
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Room Acoustics - 1.2-6.1.3 Acoustic Surfaces
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Reverberation(how the room effects what is heard)
Space 1 Design Coefficient 2
Private patient room 0.15
Multi-bed patient room 0.15
Corridor (patient area) 0.15
Medication safety zone 0.15
Nurse station 0.15
Waiting area (near patient area) 0.25
Atrium 0.10
Office 0.15
Examination room 0.15
Treatment room 0.15
Procedure room 0.15
Class 2 imaging room 0.15
Operating room —3
Class 3 imaging room —3
Table 1.2-4: Minimum Design Room-Average
Sound Absorption Coefficients (�)
1 Additional spaces shall be added based on the
functional program.
2 Use the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) rating for estimating the design room-average sound
absorption coefficient when using this table.
3 See appendix section A1.2-6.1.2 (Design criteria for
acoustic surfaces).
Note: If a sound-absorbing panel is attached using
mechanical means, that surface is considered
permanent.
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Reflected Sound in an Untreated Room
Reverberation
time
60 dB
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Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Reverberation
60 dB
time
Reflected Sound in an Untreated Room
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Reflected Sound in an Untreated Room
Reverberation
60 dB
time
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Reflected Sound in an Untreated Room
Reverberation
60 dB
time
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Reverberation Time
The length of time it takes sound to decay 60 decibels,
or to one millionth (1/1,000,000), of its peak sound
level!
- Relationship between Volume and Absorption surface
area ratio.
- Higher volume = longer reverberation time
RT60 = .05V/C
V= Volume
C = Design Coefficient
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Absorption -- NRC
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NRC 1.00
Totally Absorptive
NRC 0.00
Totally Reflective
NRC Calculation
Low Frequency
Resonator
250 = 0.6500 = 0.5
1000 = 0.42000 = 0.4NRC = 0.475
Home Depot
ATC
250 = 0.1500 = 0.4
1000 = 0.62000 = 0.8NRC = 0.475
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Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
ASTM Mounting Conditions
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ASTM Mounting Conditions
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Effect of the Mounting Condition
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1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0125 250 500 1K 2K 4K NRC
Effect of the Mounting Condition
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1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0125 250 500 1K 2K 4K NRC
Effects of Thickness on Absorption
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Effects of Thickness on Absorption
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Healthcare and Acoustics
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ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Effects of Thickness on Absorption
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400 mm is about 16 inches
Room Acoustics Takeaways
• Understand what is specified
• Confirm how it was tested
• Where it will be placed
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1.2-6.1.4 Room Noise Levels (Noise Control) Noise Control
Sound Isolation
Room
Finishes
Building Noise (Systems)
Table 1.2-5: Maximum Design Criteria
for Noise in Interior Spaces Caused by
Building Systems 1
Room Type NC / RC(N) / RNC 2,3,4 dBA
Patient room 40 45
NICU sleep area 30 35
NICU staff and family areas 35 40
Multiple-occupant patient care area 45 50
Examination/treatment room 40 45
Procedure room 40 45
Class 2 imaging room 40 45
Operating room 5 50 55
Class 3 imaging room 5 50 55
Medication safety zone 40 45
Testing/research lab, minimal speech 55 60
Research lab, extensive speech 50 55
Group teaching lab 45 50
Corridor and public area 45 50
Conference room 35 40
Teleconferencing room 25 30
Auditorium / Large lecture room 30 35
Private office 40 45
1 Additional spaces shall be added based on
the building program.
2 See the white paper “Sound & Vibration
Design Guidelines for Health Care
Facilities.
3 Chose One System (NC)!
4 Spaces shall be designed to fall below the
maximum values shown in this table with
no rattles or tonal characteristics.
5 See appendix section A 1.2-6.1.4 (Room
noise levels in operating rooms)
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Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
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ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
80
70
6050
40
30
20
10
1K
OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCIES, Hz
SO
UN
D P
RE
SS
UR
E L
EV
EL
, d
B
31 63 125 250 500 2K 4K 8K
NC-65
NC-60
NC-55
NC-50
NC-45
NC-40
NC-35
NC-30
NC-25
NC-20
NC-15
Moderately fair listening conditions
Lobbies, Labs, Open Plan Offices
Large Offices, Reception Areas,
-For moderately good listening conditions
Private Offices, Classrooms, Libraries
-For good listening conditions
Auditoriums, Conference Rooms
-For very good listening conditions
Concert Halls, Churches
-For excellent listening conditions
Amount of noise mechanical (building) systems makes in a room
Background Noise Noise Criteria (NC) Ratings
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1.2-6.1.5 Design Criteria for Performance of Interior Wall and Floor/Ceiling Constructions(sound isolation)
Noise Control
Sound Isolation
Room
Finishes
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What happens when sound hits a structure
Ii
Ir
ItIa
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• A measurement of how much sound energy is reduced in the
transmission of sound through a material.
• The acoustical version of FIRE RATING
• Sound is blocked by partitions with mass (CMU)
• Sound can also be blocked by two lightweight partitions separated by a
large air space (stud wall)
Noise Reduction
Sound Transmission Loss
• STC is the measure results of the Noise Reduction across frequency
• STC is a laboratory measurement, ASTC or NIC is the field
measurement of Noise Reduction
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STC Ratingswww.usgdesignstudio.com
Adjacency Combination STC 2
Patient room Corridor (with entrance) 353
Patient room Patient room (wall–same floor) 454
Patient room Patient room (floor–to–floor) 50
Patient room Consultation room 50
Patient room Public space 50
Patient room Service area 605
Patient room MRI room 605
Examination room Corridor (with entrance) 353
Examination room Examination room (with electronic
masking) 406
Examination room Examination room (no electronic
masking) 50
Examination room Public space 50
Examination room MRI room 605
Treatment room Corridor (with entrance) 353
Treatment room Treatment room 50
Operating room Operating room 50
Operating room MRI scanner room 605, 7
Consultation room Public space 50
Consultation room Corridor (with entrance) 353
Toilet room Public space 45
Public space MRI scanner room 50
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NR (noise reduction) /STC (sound transmission class)
• 1 Additional spaces shall be added based on the building program.
• 2 The STC values stated assume the need for normal speech privacy as shown in Table 1.2-7 (Design Criteria for
Speech Privacy for Enclosed Rooms and Open-Plan Spaces)—except at corridor walls with doors—assuming a
background sound level of at least 30 dBA. When selecting assemblies based on their tested or published STC
ratings, it should be noted that laboratory STC test reports can, in general, be considered accurate to +/- 2 STC
points. Consequently, an assembly with a tested or published STC rating as low as 2 points below the stated
minimum may be considered acceptable.
• 3 In cases where greater speech privacy is required between patient care rooms when both room doors to the
connecting corridor are closed, the composite demising wall performance requirement shall be STC 50.
• 4 This is the performance required for the wall around the door. Note that sound isolation in these instances
will be limited by the door's performance (e.g., STC 20 for a close-fitted 5-PSF door). It is up to the facility to
determine if doors require a higher acoustic performance or if full perimeter gasketing and bottom seals
should be required. Doors are not required to be sound sealed to maintain the STC rating, although a facility
may choose to do so for specialty patient environments such as bereavement rooms, consultation rooms,
sleep therapy rooms, etc.
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Healthcare and Acoustics
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NR (noise reduction) /STC (sound transmission class)
• 5 Relaxation of STC 60 ratings shall be permitted if compliance with room noise requirements is achieved with lower
performance constructions. See Table 1.2-5 (Maximum Design Criteria for Noise in Interior Spaces Caused by Building
Systems).
• 6 Electronic masking shall provide a maximum background level of 48 dBA.
• 7 This requirement is for operating rooms without doors directly communicating with the MRI scanner room as the STC
value shown cannot be achieved when there is a door between an adjacent OR and an MRI scanner room. However, where
there is a connecting door, attention shall be paid to the door to assure sound isolation when the MRI is used
independently from the operating room.
• Note: This table shall not be applied to mobile/transportable medical units.
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Sound Isolation Takeaways
• Our Assumptions
- Full Height Slab to Deck
- Sealed Air Tight
- All penetrations caulked (fire ratings are our friend!)
- All cavities are insulated with loose fill material
• There are no Sliver bullets
- A 1% air leak (area) takes your best wall down about 20 STC points
- Walls that do not run full height are only STC 35 at the very best!
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1.2-6.1.6 Speech Privacy•
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Speech Intelligibility
The ability to understand the spoken
word in an architectural space!
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Healthcare and Acoustics
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ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Speech Privacy
The ability to carry on Personal or
Private conversation in an
architectural space!
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Source Path Listener
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Speech Intelligibility vs. Speech Privacy
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Talker
ListenerPath
Goal: Communicate
Information
Speech Intelligibility vs. Speech Privacy
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Talker
Listener
Path
Goal: Keep Information
Private
Speech PrivacyLevel Metrics
Speech Privacy—Closed Plan PI AI SII SPC
Secure N/A N/A N/A ≥70
Confidential ≥95% ≤0.05 ≤0.10 60–69
Normal 80–94% 0.06–0.20 0.11–0.25 52–59
Defining standard ASTM
E1130
ASTM
E1130 ANSI S3.5
ASTM
E2638
Speech Privacy—Open Plan PI AI SII SPC
Confidential Special consideration required
Normal 80–94% 0.06–0.20 0.11–0.25 52–59
Marginal 60–79% 0.21–0.40 0.26–0.45 45–51
Defining standard ASTM
E1130
ASTM
E1130 ANSI S3.5
ASTM
E2638
Table 1.2-7: Design Criteria for Speech
Privacy for Enclosed Rooms and Open-
Plan Spaces 1, 2
1 The indicated AI and SII values shall be
considered the maximum accepted values.
The indicated PI and SPC values shall be
considered the minimum accepted values.
2 Equivalence among these metrics, as
indicated, has been demonstrated.
However, some of the metrics may not be
suitable for a particular space. The referenced standards indicate that PI and
SI are appropriate for use in open-plan
spaces and that SPC is appropriate for
closed-plan spaces. The referenced
standard for SII indicates it may be used for either type of space.
3 Confidential speech privacy is not readily achievable in open-plan spaces due to the
lack of barriers, low ambient sound levels,
and typical voice effort.
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Speech Privacy
a. AI (Articulation Index) metric were originally defined in ANSI S3.5-1969: Methods for
the Calculation of the Articulation Index, but are now defined in ASTM E1130: Standard
Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using
Articulation Index. This metric has been in use since the mid-1950s and is still
considered a current practice.
b. SII (Speech Intelligibility Index) metric are defined in ANSI S3.5-1997: Methods for
Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index.
c. SPC (Speech Privacy Class) metric are defined in ASTM E2638-10: Standard Test Method
for Objective Measurement of the Speech Privacy Provided by a Closed Room and
“ASTM Metrics for Rating Speech Privacy of Closed Rooms and Open Plan Spaces,” an
article from the September 2011 edition of the Journal of the Canadian Acoustical
Association.
d. PI (Privacy Index) metric for converting AI values into percentages are defined in ASTM
Standard E1130-08: Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech
Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index.
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Speech Privacy Potential –
NC + NR(STC) = SPP < 90 Inaudible
80 – 90 Confidential
70 – 80 Normal
60 – 70 Marginal
50 – 60 Poor
40 > None
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Speech Privacy
a. AI (Articulation Index) metric were originally defined in ANSI S3.5-1969: Methods for
the Calculation of the Articulation Index, but are now defined in ASTM E1130: Standard
Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using
Articulation Index. This metric has been in use since the mid-1950s and is still
considered a current practice.
b. SII (Speech Intelligibility Index) metric are defined in ANSI S3.5-1997: Methods for
Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index.
c. SPC (Speech Privacy Class) metric are defined in ASTM E2638-10: Standard Test Method
for Objective Measurement of the Speech Privacy Provided by a Closed Room and
“ASTM Metrics for Rating Speech Privacy of Closed Rooms and Open Plan Spaces,” an
article from the September 2011 edition of the Journal of the Canadian Acoustical
Association.
d. PI (Privacy Index) metric for converting AI values into percentages are defined in ASTM
Standard E1130-08: Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech
Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index.
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Speech Privacy
a. AI (Articulation Index) metric were originally defined in ANSI S3.5-1969: Methods for
the Calculation of the Articulation Index, but are now defined in ASTM E1130: Standard
Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using
Articulation Index. This metric has been in use since the mid-1950s and is still
considered a current practice.
b. SII (Speech Intelligibility Index) metric are defined in ANSI S3.5-1997: Methods for
Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index.
c. SPC (Speech Privacy Class) metric are defined in ASTM E2638-10: Standard Test Method
for Objective Measurement of the Speech Privacy Provided by a Closed Room and
“ASTM Metrics for Rating Speech Privacy of Closed Rooms and Open Plan Spaces,” an
article from the September 2011 edition of the Journal of the Canadian Acoustical
Association.
d. PI (Privacy Index) metric for converting AI values into percentages are defined in ASTM
Standard E1130-08: Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech
Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index.
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Sound Masking
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
The tale of two systems
One Engineered
One Marketing Hype
Sound Masking
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Sound Masking
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Benefits of Sound Masking
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
60 Inch Cubes
No Sound Masking
42 Inch Cubes
No Sound Masking
60 Inch Cubes
w/ Sound Masking
42 Inch Cubes
w/ Sound Masking
Curves
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Sound Masking
• It is not a sound system
• It is an acoustical solution
• Uniformity of coverage
• Quality of sound
• Commissioning is most important item
• NOT A DESIGN BUILD SOLUTION!
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Sound Masking Loudspeakers
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Speech Privacy Takeaways
• Full height walls are best
• Sound masking really can help
• Know what you are being sold when it comes to sound masking
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
1.2-6.1.7 Design Criteria for Building Vibration
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Floor VibrationSpace Type Footfall Vibration Peak Velocity (micro-in/s)
Patient room /areas 6000
Treatment room 6000
Examination room 8000
Class 1 imaging room 8000
Procedure room 4000
Class 2 imaging room 4000
Operating room 4000
Class 3 imaging room 4000
Administrative areas 8000
Public circulation areas 8000
Table 1.2-8: Maximum Limits on
Floor Vibration Caused by
Footfalls in Hospitals
1. Higher vibration criteria are less stringent and vice versa.
2. The vibration criteria in this table do not apply to renovation projects unless new equipment being
installed has more stringent vibration limits.
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Floor Vibration VC Curves
8000 (micro-in/s)
4000 (micro-in/s)
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
MRI – Ground Vibration Measurements
Accelerometer on
magnetic base
attached to parking
bumper spike
Vibration Takeaways
• Imaging Systems Vibration Levels and
Requirements Will Drive the Design
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
MEP – Architectural – Acoustical Coordination
• Full Height Party Walls Required
• Building Systems in Hallways
• Noise Criteria
• Sound Transmission
• Speech Privacy
Thorburn Associates Inc. www.TA-Inc.com Acoustical | Technology | Lighting
Acoustically Integrated Architecture
is possible!
Healthcare and Acoustics
TA Copyright 2019
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
THANK YOU!
Steve(n) Thorburn PE, LEED AP
Email your AIA Number to:
[email protected] – Subject: NCHEA Spring 2019
Raleigh Durham, North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina
San Francisco, California
Los Angeles, California
Orlando, Florida
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
Thorburn Associates (TA) specializes in the design and consulting of acoustics, technology, and lighting
systems. We are involved with multiple market sectors which help to facilitate cross pollination of
solutions between markets. With experience on over 3000 projects, one of TA’s strengths is our ability
to provide an integrated solution for these technical aspects of the design. TA is a Woman-owned
Small Business Enterprise (WSBE) with offices located throughout the U.S. to serve your needs.
AC
OU
STIC
AL
Acoustical design combines art and science to
modify noise to achieve a desired auditory
environment. TA creates acoustical
environments tailored to the occupants of
each space. We combine our expertise with
extensive laboratory and electronic testing
equipment to meet the unique sound
sensitivities of each project.
Room Acoustics – Sound Isolation – Mechanical Noise – Vibration Isolation – Environmental Noise
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
Technology systems design is an ever-growing
industry bolstered by the constant demand
for multimedia communications. TA works
with our clients to develop the system that
will best meet their needs while planning for
and understanding maintenance, upgrade,
and expansion needs.
Audiovisual Systems – Telepresence – Sound Masking/Paging – Structured Cabling – Security
LIG
HT
ING
We specialize in illumination design, a term
that describes aspects much broader than the
standard overhead electric lighting system;
illumination also includes direct natural light,
indirect natural light, indirect artificial light
and reflected light, as well as the control of
all light sources. As solution providers, TA
enhances an environment through innovative
yet practical lighting schemes.
Lighting Design – Fixture Layout – Specifications – Control Systems – Daylighting
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE HEALTHCARE
Thorburn Associates (TA) has worked on over 100 medical related facilities across the county. From hospitals
to research labs to simulation training facilities, TA develops acoustical, technology (audiovisual,
data/telecom, security) and lighting designs to support the privacy, healing, and safety of patients. Our team
is adept at taking specific requirements, such as LEED for Healthcare, HCAHPS, and FGI into consideration
during the design process.
FORSYTH MEDICAL CENTER
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
This 961 bed, tertiary care facility recently
expanded and retained TA for two projects. First,
TA took measurements to assess if the vibration
levels in the new MRI suites would affect the
equipment as well as improve the existing
conditions. TA provided acoustical engineering for
the new 2-story infill conference center
constructed between the 10-story hospital
addition and parking structure.
KAISER PERMANENTE
Santa Clara, California
Phased construction of this three building
replacement project included a hospital, medical
office building, helipad, and central parking area.
In addition to full service acoustical engineering,
TA provided an environmental review for the
helicopter approach path over an adjacent
residential area to minimize the noise from the
helipad emergency flights and vibration studies for
the MRI suite.
DUKE UNVERSITY HOSPITAL
Durham, North Carolina
Highly technical surgical suites require careful
attention to and elimination of vibration levels in
order for the equipment to function properly. For
Duke University’s new surgical suites TA assessed
the existing mechanical noise and vibration levels
from the nearby mechanical rooms. Then crafted
recommendations for future surgical suites.
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE HEALTHCARE, PAGE 2
Adventist Health - Tampa, FL
Alzheimer's Services of the East Bay - Berkeley, CA
Campbell University, School of Pharmacy - Buies
Creek, NC
Cape Fear Valley Med Classrooms - Fayetteville, NC
Carolinas Medical Ctr NE Bed Tower - Concord, NC
Carolinas Medical Ctr University Linear Accelerator
Vibration Consulting - Charlotte, NC
Children's Hospital Research Institute - Oakland, CA
Christus Santa Rosa Health Care - San Antonio, TX
Dept of Health and Human Services - Durham, NC
Dept of Veteran Affairs Health Care Center -
Fayetteville, NC
Duke Hospital Cardiac Operating Rooms Acoustical
Testing - Durham, NC
East Oakland Health Center - Oakland, CA
East Valley Health Complex - San Jose, CA
ECSU Pharmacy School - Elizabeth City, NC
ECU Life Sciences Building - Greenville, NC
Eden Medical Center - MRI - Castro Valley, CA
Edwards Air Force Base Hospital - Mojave, CA
Highland Hospital - Oakland, CA
HP Nurses' Station - Santa Clara, CA
Indiana University, Riley Outpatient Center -
Indianapolis, IN
John Hopkins All Children’s Research and Education
Building - St. Petersburg, FL
John Muir Medical Center - Walnut Creek, CA
Kaiser Los Angeles, Medical Center - Los Angeles, CA
Kaiser Skyport - San Jose, CA
Kaiser Geary Campus MOB - San Francisco, CA
Kaiser Santa Teresa, MOB 4, - San Jose, CA
Kaiser Pleasanton MOB III - Pleasanton, CA
Kaiser San Francisco MOB - San Francisco, CA
Kaiser Santa Theresa, Medical Ctr MRI - San Jose, CA
Kannapolis CMC - Kannapolis, NC
McDowell Hospital, Marion MRI Room - Marion, NC
Natividad Radiology - Salinas, CA
NCSU CVM Anatomy Lab - Raleigh, NC
On Lok Larkin Senior Living - San Francisco, CA
Pacific Hearing Services - Los Altos, CA
Palo Alto Medical Foundation - Palo Alto, CA
Pharmaceutical Product Development, Headquarters
Building - Wilmington, NC
Pomerado Hospital - San Diego, CA
Providence Hospital - Anchorage, AK
Rehaboth Hospital - Albuquerque, NM
Rex UNC Healthcare - Raleigh, NC
Roche Molecular Diagnostics Research Center -
Pleasanton, CA
San Francisco Office of the Chief Medical Examiner -
San Francisco, CA
San Mateo Medical Center & County Health Facilities
- San Mateo, CA
San Mateo Medical Center, Outpatient Clinic - San
Mateo, CA
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center - Santa Clara, CA
Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital - Santa Rosa, CA
Self Regional Healthcare - Greenwood, SC
Sequoia Hospital - Redwood City, CA
St. Joseph's Medical Center - Walnut Creek, CA
Stanford Dai and Waymouth Lab - Palo Alto, CA
Stanford Health Center - Emeryville, CA
Stanford HEPL End Station #3 - Palo Alto, CA
Stanford Hospital, MRI Pump Review - Palo Alto, CA
Stanford Kuo Lab - Palo Alto, CA
Stanford Psychiatric Facility - Palo Alto, CA
Sutter General Hospital & Med Ctr - Sacramento, CA
Sutter Shared Lab - Livermore, CA
Transylvania Community Hospital MRI - Brevard, NC
UC Davis, Contained Research Facility - Davis, CA
UCSF Gross Anatomy Lab - San Francisco, CA
UCSF Pediatrics ICU - San Francisco, CA
UNC Hospitals Surgical Tower - Chapel Hill, NC
UCSC, Experimental Psychology - Santa Cruz, CA
UNC Chapel Hill, Bingham Animal Research Center
UNC Chapel Hill, Koury Dental Science Building
UNC Chapel Hill, School of Pharmacy - Chapel Hill, NC
UNC Charlotte, Bioinformatics Center - Charlotte, NC
UNC Wilmington, School of Nursing - Wilmington, NC
UNM Sandoval Medical Center - Albuquerque, NM
UO, Biomedical Research Center - Tulsa, OK
Vaden Health- Palo Alto, CA
VA Hospital Los Angeles - Los Angeles, CA
VA Hospital Menlo Park - Menlo Park, CA
VA Medical Center Reno - Reno, NV
Vidant Health Cooling Tower - Ahoskie, NC
Vidant Medical Center Nags Head - Nags Head, NC
Washington Hospital Treadmill Noise - Fremont, CA
1.800.383.8490
[email protected] ASSOCIATES
ACOUSTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, AND LIGHTING DESIGN
SAN FRANCISCO ORLANDO RALEIGH-DURHAMCHARLOTTELOS ANGELES
STEVEN J. THORBURN, PE, LEED-AP, CTS-D, CTS-I
PRINCIPAL
EDUCATION
Michigan Technological University
B.S. Electrical Engineering
Major: Electroacoustics
B.S. Liberal Arts
Major: Theatre and Lighting Design
PROFESSIONAL LICENSES
Mr. Thorburn is a registered Engineer in the
following states:
AL: P.E. 32355-E MI: P.E. 46612
AZ: P.E. 34990 MN: P.E. 21338
CA: E.E. 13159 NC: P.E. 25217
DC: P.E. 906609 NM: P.E. 20904
FL: P.E. 73362 NV: E.E. 021780
GA: P.E. 036527 OH: E.E. 65890
IL: 062-054816 OR: P.E. 669501
IN: P.E. 11200082 SC: P.E. 21186
KY: P.E. 28054 VA: P.E. 0402050271
MO: P.E. 2012000059 WA: P.E. 37191
INDUSTRY CERTIFICATIONS
ICIA: Certified Technology Specialist,
Design and Installation
USGBC: LEED AP
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
Acoustical Society of America
American Institute of Architects
Audio Engineering Society
InfoCOMM
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
National Council Acoustical Consultants
National Society of Professional Engineers
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
Mr. Thorburn practices acoustical consulting
and audiovisual system design in the following
areas:
Architectural acoustics
Mechanical noise control
Audiovisual, sound and control systems
Video and teleconference systems
Security
Mr. Thorburn, as a founder of Thorburn
Associates, has been involved with over 3000
different projects.
He is active in projects that require both
acoustical engineering and technology system
design services. His dual degrees from
Michigan Technological University in theatre
design and electrical engineering enable him
to coordinate technical requirements involved
in the construction bid process with practical
issues required by the end-users.
His projects have included performing arts
centers, recording facilities, entertainment
facilities, presentation and conference
facilities, government and university buildings,
film and video studios, luxury hotels, libraries,
churches, and medical facilities.
Mr. Thorburn was responsible for developing
the International Communications Industries
Associatio ’s Desig Co sultant's Council.
He regularly attends conferences, trade
shows, and product exhibitions that allow him
to recommend the most cost-effective yet
functional products to meet his client's needs.
Manufacturers often ask for his input on the
'next generation' of system components.
PUBLICATIONS and LECTURES
Mr. Thorburn frequently teaches seminars
and lectures on both acoustical consulting
and audiovisual system design. Recent
topics include:
Planning for Classroom Technology
Presentation Facilities Design
Surviving the Construction Process
Acoustics in Architecture
He is also a regular contributor to industry
publication, Systems Contractor News.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Projects he has managed and consulted on
include:
- Alta Bates Medical Center Conference
and Education Center – Berkeley, CA
- Alzhei er’s Services of the East Bay Care Facility – San Francisco, CA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Health
Care Center – Fayetteville, NC
- Duke Hospital Surgical Suite
Renovations – Durham, NC
- Eden Medical Center – Castro Valley, CA
- Forsyth Medical Center – Winston-
Salem, NC
- John Muir Birthing Center – Walnut
Creek, CA
- John Muir Hospital – 1st
and 7th
Floors –
Walnut Creek, CA
- Kaiser Medical Office Building III – Santa
Clara, CA
- Kaiser Medical Office Building IV -- Santa
Theresa, CA
- Kaiser Medical Office Building, Geary
Street Campus – Santa Clara, CA
- Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center –
Santa Clara, CA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, South
Satellite Office – Palo Alto, CA
- Providence Hospital – Anchorage, AK
- Riley Outpatient Center – Indianapolis,
IN
- San Francisco Office of the Chief
Medical Examiner – San Francisco, CA
- Self Regional Healthcare Operating
Room Addition – Greenwood, SC
- St. Joseph’s Medical Ce ter – Walnut
Creek, CA
- Sutter Medical Center – Sacramento, CA
- Transylvania Community Hospital –
Brevard, NC
- UCSF Pediatrics ICU – San Francisco, CA
- University of New Mexico, Sandoval
Medical Center – Albuquerque, NM
- Veterans Administration Medical Center
– Reno, NV